scholarly journals Picroside II prevents inflammation injury in mice with diabetic nephropathy via TLR4/NF-κB pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Chunmei Ma ◽  
Aijie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Picroside Ii ◽  
Tnf Α

The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of picroside II on diabetic nephropathy and reveal the involved underlying signal pathway. Male Sprague–Dawley (SD) mice were used to construct an animal model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy. Body weight and fasting blood glucose values were recorded. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Protein expression was determined using Western blotting test. Hema-toxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to examine the morphological changes in kidney tissues. Treatment with picroside II (10 and 20 mg/kg) increased the STZ-induced reduction in body weight of diabetic mice. It also reversed the elevation of fasting blood glucose in STZ-induced diabetic mice. The levels of proteinuria, BUN and Scr were significantly increased in STZ-induced diabetic mice and these increments were prevented by picroside II. The serum levels of MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were reduced, and the morphological damage was lessened by Picroside II in mice with diabetic nephropathy. Besides, picroside II prevented the activation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. This study proved that picroside II inhibited inflammatory response and prevented kidney injury in mice with diabetic nephropathy through modulation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway, indicating beneficial effect of picroside II on diabetic nephropathy.

scholarly journals Impact of loganin on pro-inflammatory cytokines and depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in male diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rajabi ◽  
G Mohaddes ◽  
F Farajdokht ◽  
S Nayebi Rad ◽  
M Mesgari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Behavioral disturbances are observed in most patients suffering from diabetes. According to some evidence, pro-inflammatory cytokines have a key role both in diabetes and behavioral disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In this study, the effect of chronic administration of loganin, as a bioflavonoid, was investigated on pro-inflammatory cytokines and depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. Blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Depression- and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated by forced swimming test (FST), elevated plus maze (EPM), and open field test (OFT), respectively. Body weight was also measured before the interventions and after the experiments in all groups. Our findings show that loganin-treated animals had significantly lower serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α compared with the diabetic group. In the EPM test, loganin treatment significantly increased the percentage of the open arm time and open arm entries. Moreover, loganin treatment significantly decreased the grooming time and restored distance traveled and center crossing in the OFT. However, it decreased immobility time in the FST. Loganin treatment also significantly restored body weight gain and attenuated blood glucose changes in the diabetic rats. These results indicate that loganin possibly alleviates depression- and anxiety-like behaviors associated with diabetes through lowering the blood glucose and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. More research is required to show the exact mechanism of antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of loganin in diabetes.

scholarly journals Metabolic impacts of cordycepin on hepatic proteomic expression in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256140
Author(s):  
Kongphop Parunyakul ◽  
Krittika Srisuksai ◽  
Sawanya Charoenlappanit ◽  
Narumon Phaonakrop ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Protein Profiling ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with abnormal liver function, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Cordycepin improves hepatic metabolic pathways leading to recovery from liver damage. We investigated the effects of cordycepin in streptozotocin-induced T1DM mice via the expression of liver proteins. Twenty-four mice were divided into four equal groups: normal (N), normal mice treated with cordycepin (N+COR), diabetic mice (DM), and diabetic mice treated with cordycepin (DM+COR). Mice in each treatment group were intraperitoneally injection of cordycepin at dose 24 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Body weight, blood glucose, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were measured. Liver tissue protein profiling was performed using shotgun proteomics, while protein function and protein-protein interaction were predicted using PANTHER and STITCH v.5.0 software, respectively. No significant difference was observed in fasting blood glucose levels between DM and DM+COR for all time intervals. However, a significant decrease in final body weight, food intake, and water intake in DM+COR was found. Hepatic oxaloacetate and citrate levels were significantly increased in DM+COR compared to DM. Furthermore, 11 and 36 proteins were only expressed by the N+COR and DM+COR groups, respectively. Three unique proteins in DM+COR, namely, Nfat3, Flcn, and Psma3 were correlated with the production of ATP, AMPK signaling pathway, and ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), respectively. Interestingly, a protein detected in N+COR and DM+COR (Gli3) was linked with the insulin signaling pathway. In conclusion, cordycepin might help in preventing hepatic metabolism by regulating the expression of energy-related protein and UPS to maintain cell survival. Further work on predicting the performance of metabolic mechanisms regarding the therapeutic applications of cordycepin will be performed in future.

scholarly journals Impact of loganin on pro-inflammatory cytokines and depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in male diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rajabi ◽  
G Mohaddes ◽  
F Farajdokht ◽  
S Nayebi Rad ◽  
M Mesgari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Behavioral disturbances are observed in most patients suffering from diabetes. According to some evidence, pro-inflammatory cytokines have a key role both in diabetes and behavioral disorders, such as anxiety and depression. In this study, the effect of chronic administration of loganin, as a bioflavonoid, was investigated on pro-inflammatory cytokines and depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. Blood levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Depression- and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated by forced swimming test (FST), elevated plus maze (EPM), and open field test (OFT), respectively. Body weight was also measured before the interventions and after the experiments in all groups. Our findings show that loganin-treated animals had significantly lower serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α compared with the diabetic group. In the EPM test, loganin treatment significantly increased the percentage of the open arm time and open arm entries. Moreover, loganin treatment significantly decreased the grooming time and restored distance traveled and center crossing in the OFT. However, it decreased immobility time in the FST. Loganin treatment also significantly restored body weight gain and attenuated blood glucose changes in the diabetic rats. These results indicate that loganin possibly alleviates depression- and anxiety-like behaviors associated with diabetes through lowering the blood glucose and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. More research is required to show the exact mechanism of antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of loganin in diabetes.

scholarly journals LIGHT-ROASTED GREEN COFFEE EXTRACT IMPROVED ADIPONECTIN, INSULIN RESISTANCE, AND METABOLIC PROFILE OF METABOLIC SYNDROME RAT MODEL

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mifetika Lukitasari ◽  
Dwi Adi Nugroho ◽  
Mohammad Saifur Rohman ◽  
Nur Ida Panca Nugrahini ◽  
Teguh Wahyu Sardjono
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Adiponectin Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Green Coffee

  Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of light-roasted green coffee bean extract (GCE) administration for 7 weeks on the improvement of metabolic profile, adiponectin level, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index in metabolic syndrome (MS) rat model.Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were induced by a combination of high sucrose and high-fat diet for 8 weeks and streptozotocin injection in the 2nd week. The MS was confirmed by NCEP-ATP III criteria. They were divided into six weight-matched groups (n=5), normal control, MS, metformin and simvastatin-treated group (DMS), 100 and 200/body weight (bw) GCE (GCE 100 and GCE 200, respectively). The extracts were given through oral gavage daily for 7 weeks. The effect of GCE on body weight, serum glucose, triglyceride, (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level was analyzed by colorimetric method. HOMA-IR index and adiponectin were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods.Result: Fasting blood glucose, TG, and systolic blood pressure decreased significantly (p<0.05) in both GCE groups. Moreover, after 7 weeks, those parameters were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared to that of MS group. Only GCE 100 group that showed a significant decrease in HDL level. GCE 100 mg/bw and 200 mg/bw group showed significantly higher adiponectin level compared to that of MS and DMS group. Furthermore, GCE 100, GCE 200, and DMS group showed a significant lower HOMA-IR index compared to that of MS group.Conclusion: 7 weeks GCE administration could decrease fasting blood glucose, profile lipid, blood pressure, and improved adiponectin level and HOMA-IR index.

scholarly journals Assessment of In-vivo Anti-diabetic and Anti-diarrheal Effects of Flemingia stricta Roxb. Leaf.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrear Biozid ◽  
Mohammad Nazmul Alam ◽  
Jainul Abeden ◽  
Faruk ◽  
Ahmad Ibtehaz Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Standard Drug

Objective: To evaluate the anti-diabetic and anti-diarrheal activity of methanol extract of Flemingia stricta Roxb. (Fabaceae) leaf.Methods: In anti-diabetic study, the extract was administered to alloxan-induce diabetic mice at two concentrations (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight) for acute (12 hours) and prolong treatments (15 days) and blood glucose levels (Blood glucose level) of diabetic mice were monitored at intervals of hours and days throughout the duration of treatment. Antidiarrheal test was conducted by castor oil induced diarrhea and enteropooling as well as intestinal motility in mice at three different concentration (100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight).Results: Treatment of alloxan induce diabetic mice with the extract caused a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level of the diabetic mice both in acute (12 hours) and prolong treatment (15 days) and it was determined that the extract at both concentration (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) showed the significant (P&lt;0.05) hypoglycemic effect in comparison to the standard drug Metformin (10mg/kg). In the case of castor oil induced diarrheal test, enteropooling test and gastrointestinal motility test, the extract of F. stricta at 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg has given significant effect (P&lt;0.05) in comparing to standard drug Loperamide (5mg/kg). Conclusion: These result suggested that the methanol extract of F. stricta Roxb. possess promising anti-diabetic effect on alloxan-induced mice and significant antidiarrheal effect on castor oil induced diarrheal mice.

scholarly journals Couplet medicines of leech and centipede granules improve erectile dysfunction via inactivation of the CaSR/PLC/PKC signaling in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Xiong Ma ◽  
Bin Wang ◽  
Cai Fei Ding ◽  
Hai Song Li ◽  
Xue Juan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
No Production ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pkc Signaling

Abstract Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the significant complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), and CASR plays an important role in cellular antiapoptosis and NO production in the vascular endothelium by activating PKC. The present study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of Leech and Centipede Granules (LCG) through the CaSR/PLC/PKC signaling. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with streptozotocin to induce the DM model. After 10 weeks, an apomorphine test was used to confirm DMED. Rats with DMED were administrated with LCG and U73122 for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, body weight, insulin and glucagon levels were measured. Erectile function in rats was assessed by apomorphine. Serums were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and flow cytometry, and penile tissues were harvested for histologic and the expression of related targets analyses. After treatment, fasting blood glucose, body weight, insulin, glucagon levels, and erectile function were significantly ameliorated in the LCG groups. The LOX-1, NOX, and EMPs concentrations were significantly decreased with LCG treatment. LCG also continuously increased NO and decreased ET-1 content in penile tissues. LCG and U73122 administration also improved penile fibrosis by significantly decreasing VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and CD62P. The data also showed that LCG reduced the apoptosis level in the penis. Furthermore, the inhibited activation of the CaSR/PLC/PKC pathway was observed in DMED rats with LCG treatment. Collectively, LCG significantly ameliorated erectile function of DMED rats via increased NO generation, inhibiting endothelial cells apoptosis and penile fibrosis, which might benefit from the suppression of CaSR/PLC/PKC pathway in DMED rats.

scholarly journals Anti-hyperglycemic activity of Heliotropium strigosum (Boraginaecae) whole plant extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 2425-2430
Author(s):  
Huma Aslam ◽  
Arif-ullah Khan ◽  
Najeeb-ur- Rehman ◽  
Fawad Ali ◽  
Humaira Nadeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Hyperglycemic Effect

Purpose: To investigate Heliotropium strigosum whole plant extract for its potential to reduce the blood glucose level of alloxan-induced diabetic mice.Methods: Preliminary phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard  procedures. Diabetes was induced in Balb/c mice by injecting alloxan (200 mg/kg i.p.). The crude methanol extract of Heliotropium strigosum (Hs.Cr, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg doses) was administered daily to alloxan-induced diabetic mice for 15 days and its effect on fasting blood glucose levels, body weight and oral glucose tolerancewas evaluated. Two control groups (non-diabetic control and diabetic control)  received normal saline (0.2 ml). Metformin (500 mg/kg) was used as reference standard.Results: Heliotropium strigosum showed positive for the presence of alkaloids, tannins and flavonoids. The extract (30, 100 and 300 mg/kg) caused significant reduction in the fasting blood glucose level of alloxan-induced diabetic mice on days 5, 10 and 15 compared to diabetic control (p < 0.001). In this regard, the  anti-hyperglycemic effect compared to the reference (metformin). The extract also timedependently decreased the body weight of the treated animals as well as improved tolerance of the oral glucose overload.Conclusion: These results indicate that Heliotropium strigosum possesses  anti-hyperglycemic effect, reduces body weight and enhances the tolerance of  glucose overload in mice. Further studies are therefore required to determine its  feasiilty as an alternate herbal medicine in the management of diabetes in humans.Keywords: Heliotropium strigosum, Anti-hyperglycemic, Alloxan-induced diabetic mice, Blood glucose, Oral glucose tolerance, Body weight

scholarly journals Mangiferin Alleviates Renal Interstitial Fibrosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice through Regulating the PTEN/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyan Song ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Ke Tang ◽  
Junting Zang ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Renal Interstitial Fibrosis

Renal interstitial fibrosis is considered to be the typical manifestation of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Mangiferin has shown positive effect on the prevention or treatment of diabetes and its complications. The aim of this study was to explore the inhibitive effect and mechanism of mangiferin on renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic mice. Streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice were treated with mangiferin (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks. The morphology of kidneys was observed by Masson’s trichrome staining, and the biochemical parameters (fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), and urine protein) were determined by kits. In addition, the levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin- (IL-) 6, and IL-1β), antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px), MDA, and ROS were assessed. Furthermore, the expressions of fibronectin (FN), collagen I (Col I), and α-SMA were measured by immunohistochemistry. Regulations of TGF-β1 and the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway were detected by Western blotting. Treatment with mangiferin significantly ameliorated renal dysfunction in diabetic mice, as evidenced by the increase in body weight and decreases in FBG, TG, TC, BUN, SCr, urine protein, and the kidney to body weight ratio (KW/BW). Furthermore, mangiferin treatment prevented renal interstitial fibrosis evidenced by decreases in the positive expression of FN, Col I, and α-SMA, in comparison with morphological changes in the renal tissue. Meanwhile, mangiferin increased antioxidant enzymes, reduced the TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, as well as MDA and ROS. Additionally, mangiferin administration also downregulated TGF-β1, upregulated PTEN, and decreased the phosphorylation of both PI3K and Akt. These findings demonstrate that mangiferin may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in DN, thereby inhibiting the renal interstitial fibrosis by reducing the TGF-β1-mediated elevation of Col I, FN, and α-SMA through the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway.

scholarly journals The Potential Anti-Obesity, Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Oxidant Effects of Vitamin a in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Yosra Alhindi ◽  
Anwar Bafaraj ◽  
Abeer Barasain ◽  
Massarah Hadidi ◽  
Norah Bajandooh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Water Control

Background: Evidence suggests that there is a link between diabetes mellitus and Vitamin A. Moreover, it has been reported that diabetes induces oxidative stress. Lately, a wide attention has been developed to the protective biochemical function of natural antioxidants contained vitamins, which can reduce the oxidative damage caused by free radical species. Objective: To investigate the anti-obesity, anti-diabetic and anti-oxidative effects of vitamin A in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods: Male mice were randomly divided into three groups: Control- nondiabetic, received a normal diet and water; Control-diabetic, received STZ 45mg/kg once intraperitoneally; and Treated-diabetic, received both STZ as before plus Vitamin A (4-IU/day) orally daily for 16 weeks. Food intake, body weight, fat mass, fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, and lipid profile were estimated. Also, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPO), catalase (CAT), and malonaldehyde (MDA) were measured. Results: Treated diabetic mice with Vitamin A showed a significant improvement in their body weight, fat mass, lipid profile as well as SOD, GPO and CAT compared to Control-diabetic mice. However, Vitamin A caused no significant change on fasting blood glucose and insulin levels. Furthermore, plasma level of MDA was significantly elevated in diabetic mice compared to normal mice. Diabetic mice treated with vitamin A had a significantly reduced level of MDA, suggesting that vitamin A might have a vital role in the protection of tissues from damage by free radicals. Conclusion: Supplementation with vitamin A may be a useful treatment strategy for diabetic patients to reduce/prevent the pathological complications of diabetes.

TOTAL POLYPHENOL CONTENT, FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING, ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION CAPACITY, THE EFFICACY IN CONTROLLING BLOOD GLUCOSE OF DIABETIC RATS OF THE MIXTURE VOS EXTRACTED FROM THE LEAVES OF CLEISTOCALYX OPERCULATUS, PSIDIUM GUAJAVA AND NELUMBO NUCIFERA

2013 ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
Tuyet Mai Truong ◽  
Thi Lam Nguyen ◽  
Lan Anh Pham ◽  
Hoang Kien Truong
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Cleistocalyx Operculatus ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Alpha Glucosidase

Objective: Plant polyphenols have antioxidant capacity and alpha-glucosidase inhibition to supporting for prevention and treatment of diabetes. Materials and Method: Present study was conducted to determine the content of total polyphenols, free radical scavenging and alpha-glucosidase inhibition of the VOS mixture that extracted from leaves (Voi leaves - Cleistocalyx operculatus (V), Oi leaves - Psidium guajava (O), Sen leaves - Nelumbo nucifera (S)). Results: The efficacy of blood glucose controlling in diabetic mice was investigated. After 8 weeks of administration with 200 mg VOS/kg body weight and 400 mg VOS/kg body weight, VOS diabetic mice had significantly reduced blood glucose level as compared to control diabetic mice. VOS diabetic mice with 400 mg dosage are lower in blood glucose levels than that of the diabetic mice with 200 mg. Also, the significant reducing in HbA1c was observed in VOS diabetic mice as compared with control diabetic mice. Conclusion: VOS-product extracted from Cleistocalyx operculatus leaves, guava leaves, lotus leaves might be considered as a safe product and to be a potential product in the supporting of prevention and treatment of diabetes.

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