scholarly journals An Innovative Approach to Automated Photo-Activation of Crop Acreage Using UAVs to Stimulate Crop Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1395-1417
Author(s):  
Natalya Sevostyanova ◽  
Igor Lebedev ◽  
Valeria Lebedeva ◽  
Irina Vatamaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Laser Spot ◽  
Crop Acreage ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
A Site ◽  
Plant Seedlings ◽  
Laser Installation

Photoactivation of plants by laser treatment is a promising direction in the development of modern agricultural production. Treatment of plants with radiation with specified characteristics stimulates the development of plants, the formation of generative traits and an increase in yield. An approach based on the use of a specialized laser installation mounted on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is proposed to automate the process of photoactivation of large cultivated areas. It is possible to perform laser activation of large areas with minimal expenditure of time and human resources due to autonomous processing of the field with the help of UAVs. An algorithm for calculating a covering trajectory for covering large rectangular areas with a laser spot with given characteristics is proposed in the paper. A methodology for calculating the required power of the laser installation depending on the altitude and flight time of the UAV is presented. The advantage of the developed approach is its versatility, since this approach takes into account the characteristics of a laser installation and can be used with devices of various types. Depending on the laser parameters, the algorithm builds such a trajectory for the UAV so that the irradiation of plant seedlings is uniform throughout the entire processing process. Field experiments were conducted when the UAV moved along the calculated trajectory at a speed of 0.3 m/s and the average processing time for a field 200 m long and 1 m wide was 9 minutes. The results of field experiments show that laser irradiation on most of the studied crops increased the yield and height of the stand (in cereals - in four out of six crops, in legumes - in four out of five studied crops). The proposed algorithm for constructing a path for uniform laser irradiation of a site takes into account the area of the laser spot to ensure the required radiation characteristics when using any laser installation.

scholarly journals Effects of Malaise trap spacing on species richness and composition of terrestrial arthropod bulk samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Steinke ◽  
TWA Braukmann ◽  
L Manerus ◽  
A Woodhouse ◽  
V Elbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Malaise Trap ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
A Site ◽  
Malaise Traps

AbstractThe Malaise trap has gained popularity for assessing diverse terrestrial arthropod communities because it collects large samples with modest effort. A number of factors that influence collection efficiency, placement being one of them. For instance, when designing larger biotic surveys using arrays of Malaise traps we need to know the optimal distance between individual traps that maximises observable species richness and community composition. We examined the influence of spacing between Malaise traps by metabarcoding samples from two field experiments at a site in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. For one experiment, we used two trap pairs deployed at weekly increasing distance (3m increments from 3 to 27 m). The second experiment involved a total of 10 traps set up in a row at 3m distance intervals for three consecutive weeks.Results show that community similarity of samples decreases over distance between traps. The amount of species shared between trap pairs shows drops considerably at about 15m trap-to-trap distance. This change can be observed across all major taxonomic groups and for two different habitat types (grassland and forest). Large numbers of OTUs found only once within samples cause rather large dissimilarity between distance pairs even at close proximity. This could be caused by a large number of transient species from adjacent habitat which arrive at the trap through passive transport, as well as capture of rare taxa, which end up in different traps by chance.

scholarly journals Using Improved Edge Detection Method to Detect Mining-Induced Ground Fissures Identified by Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3652
Author(s):  
Duo Xu ◽  
Yixin Zhao ◽  
Yaodong Jiang ◽  
Cun Zhang ◽  
Bo Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Edge Detection ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Laplacian Operator ◽  
Ground Fissures ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Edge Detection Method

Information on the ground fissures induced by coal mining is important to the safety of coal mine production and the management of environment in the mining area. In order to identify these fissures timely and accurately, a new method was proposed in the present paper, which is based on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a visible light camera and an infrared camera. According to such equipment, edge detection technology was used to detect mining-induced ground fissures. Field experiments show high efficiency of the UAV in monitoring the mining-induced ground fissures. Furthermore, a reasonable time period between 3:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m. under the studied conditions helps UAV infrared remote sensing identify fissures preferably. The Roberts operator, Sobel operator, Prewitt operator, Canny operator and Laplacian operator were tested to detect the fissures in the visible image, infrared image and fused image. An improved edge detection method was proposed which based on the Laplacian of Gaussian, Canny and mathematical morphology operators. The peak signal-to-noise rate, effective edge rate, Pratt’s figure of merit and F-measure indicated that the proposed method was superior to the other methods. In addition, the fissures in infrared images at different times can be accurately detected by the proposed method except at 7:00 a.m., 1:00 p.m. and 3:00 p.m.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Impacts on Agricultural Land use in the Northeast

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Douglas E. Morris ◽  
Albert E. Luloff
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Agricultural Land Use ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Crop Acreage ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Grapes Of Wrath

Joad said, “You're bound to get idears if you go thinkin’ about stuff.”John Steinbeck, The Grapes of WrathPast agricultural programs encouraged the withdrawal of cropland from agricultural production. With the removal of crop acreage restrictions and despite the favorable relationships of the 1972–1974 period, all of this land has not been immediately activated into crop production. Some programs encouraged shifts of cropland to pasture, timber production, or to soil improvement uses. Land converted to these alternatives is potentially available for crop production, but whether or at what rate it will be reemployed remains problematic.

Multi-UAV Specification and Control with a Single Pilot-in-the-Loop

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 269-277
Author(s):  
Patricio Moreno ◽  
Santiago Esteva ◽  
Ignacio Mas ◽  
Juan I. Giribet
Keyword(s):  
Remote Control ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Space Formulation ◽  
Trajectory Following ◽  
And Control ◽  
Multi Uav

This work presents a multi-unmanned aerial vehicle formation implementing a trajectory-following controller based on the cluster-space robot coordination method. The controller is augmented with a feed-forward input from a control station operator. This teleoperation input is generated by means of a remote control, as a simple way of modifying the trajectory or taking over control of the formation during flight. The cluster-space formulation presents a simple specification of the system’s motion and, in this work, the operator benefits from this capability to easily evade obstacles by means of controlling the cluster parameters in real time. The proposed augmented controller is tested in a simulated environment first, and then deployed for outdoor field experiments. Results are shown in different scenarios using a cluster of three autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles.

Assessing specific agronomic responses of wheat cultivars in a winter rainfall environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Anderson ◽  
A. J. van Burgel ◽  
D. L. Sharma ◽  
B. J. Shackley ◽  
C. M. Zaicou-Kunesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Rate Interaction ◽  
A Site ◽  
N Rates

When new wheat cultivars are released for commercial production it is desirable to assist farmers to maximise the yield advantage by providing information about their responses to agronomic practices such as seeding rate and nitrogen (N) fertiliser. Over 3 years in 22 field experiments in the Mediterranean-type environment of Western Australia the response to seed rate and applied N fertiliser of current and recently released wheat cultivars was measured in factorial experiments under rain-fed conditions. A cross-site analysis showed that the environment × cultivar (location and year) or management (seed rate and N rate) interactions were relatively minor, explaining only 5% or less of the yield variation, in contrast to 89% accounted for by the environment. The analyses of individual experiments revealed that cultivars interacted more often with seeding rate (12 sites) than with applied N fertiliser rates (4 sites). Further, despite a frequent occurrence, the cultivar × seed rate interaction had only a marginal practical significance because the cultivar rankings at a site varied with season and the differences in optimum plant population were greater between sites and seasons than between cultivars at a site. The number of sites with positive and significant cultivar × N rate interaction was insufficient to generalise about the validity of the responses. The lack of any large differences between cultivars for their response to either seed rate or N rate implies the presence of a high inherent ability for compensation among yield components, thereby enabling the cultivars to exhibit an apparently high similarity for response to input levels. As such, it was not possible to generalise across environments in making clear suggestions for farmers to follow in respect of managing new cultivars differently from each other. It was concluded that despite the apparent desirability of providing information about differences between new and existing cultivars in their responses to seed and N rates at the time of release, they are more likely to be found where the differences between the cultivars are large, the testing sites are chosen so as to reduce the yield variance, and the yield level achieved in the experiments is above 2 t/ha.

scholarly journals A Multi-Feature and Multi-Level Matching Algorithm Using Aerial Image and AIS for Vessel Identification

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supu Xiu ◽  
Yuanqiao Wen ◽  
Haiwen Yuan ◽  
Changshi Xiao ◽  
Wenqiang Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Aerial Image ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Matching Algorithm ◽  
Surface Vessels ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Multi Level

In order to monitor and manage vessels in channels effectively, identification and tracking are very necessary. This work developed a maritime unmanned aerial vehicle (Mar-UAV) system equipped with a high-resolution camera and an Automatic Identification System (AIS). A multi-feature and multi-level matching algorithm using the spatiotemporal characteristics of aerial images and AIS information was proposed to detect and identify field vessels. Specifically, multi-feature information, including position, scale, heading, speed, etc., are used to match between real-time image and AIS message. Additionally, the matching algorithm is divided into two levels, point matching and trajectory matching, for the accurate identification of surface vessels. Through such a matching algorithm, the Mar-UAV system is able to automatically identify the vessel’s vision, which improves the autonomy of the UAV in maritime tasks. The multi-feature and multi-level matching algorithm has been employed for the developed Mar-UAV system, and some field experiments have been implemented in the Yangzi River. The results indicated that the proposed matching algorithm and the Mar-UAV system are very significant for achieving autonomous maritime supervision.

Effect of cross ploughing on weed control of direct seeded rice in Manipur

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nandini Devi ◽  
M. Sumarjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Economic Method ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Hand Weeding

Field experiments were conducted at Research Farm, Central Agricultural University, Imphal during <italic>kharif</italic> 2011 and 2012 to study the effect of cross ploughing on weed control of wet- direct seeded rice in Manipur. Maximum plant population was observed in control and once hand weeding without cross ploughing treatments as compared to other treatments. But maximum number of panicles per metre square, grain and straw yield were significantly higher in cross ploughing thrice followed by cross ploughing twice than the other treatments after cross ploughing. Plant populations as well as number of weeds were significantly lower in the treatment cross ploughing thrice at 25 days after sowing. Thus cross ploughing twice at 25 days after sowing of wet –direct seeded rice was found to be the best economic method of weed control for obtaining highest B:C ratio with minimum cost of cultivation in both the years. This weed control method of cross ploughing in wetdirect seeded rice is of great significance in conserving the natural resources and maintaining the sustainability of the agricultural production system.

scholarly journals Revisiting Plant Heterosis—From Field Scale to Molecules

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1688
Author(s):  
Attiq ur Rehman ◽  
Trang Dang ◽  
Shanzay Qamar ◽  
Amina Ilyas ◽  
Reemana Fatema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Underlying Basis ◽  
Modelling Studies

Heterosis refers to the increase in biomass, stature, fertility, and other characters that impart superior performance to the F1 progeny over genetically diverged parents. The manifestation of heterosis brought an economic revolution to the agricultural production and seed sector in the last few decades. Initially, the idea was exploited in cross-pollinated plants, but eventually acquired serious attention in self-pollinated crops as well. Regardless of harvesting the benefits of heterosis, a century-long discussion is continued to understand the underlying basis of this phenomenon. The massive increase in knowledge of various fields of science such as genetics, epigenetics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics persistently provide new insights to understand the reasons for the expression of hybrid vigor. In this review, we have gathered information ranging from classical genetic studies, field experiments to various high-throughput omics and computational modelling studies in order to understand the underlying basis of heterosis. The modern-day science has worked significantly to pull off our understanding of heterosis yet leaving open questions that requires further research and experimentation. Answering these questions would possibly equip today’s plant breeders with efficient tools and accurate choices to breed crops for a sustainable future.

scholarly journals Research on the Measurement of Antennas Radiation Characteristics Based on Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Platform

2018 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 462-468
Author(s):  
Juyong Zhang ◽  
Qiaoling Shuang ◽  
Zhiping Chen ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
Jingxin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Radiation Characteristics ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Platform

scholarly journals A hierarchical vision-based localization of rotor unmanned aerial vehicles for autonomous landing

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 155014771880065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiwen Yuan ◽  
Changshi Xiao ◽  
Supu Xiu ◽  
Wenqiang Zhan ◽  
Zhenyi Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Feature Detection ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Autonomous Landing ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Vision Based Localization

The vision-based localization of rotor unmanned aerial vehicles for autonomous landing is challenging because of the limited detection range. In this article, to extend the vision detection and measurement range, a hierarchical vision-based localization method is proposed for unmanned aerial vehicle autonomous landing. In such a hierarchical framework, the landing is defined into three phases: “Approaching,”“Adjustment,” and “Touchdown,” in which visual artificial features at different scales can be detected from the designed object pattern for unmanned aerial vehicle pose recovery. The corresponding feature detection and pose estimation algorithms are also presented. In the end, typical simulation and field experiments have been carried out to illustrate the proposed method. The results show that our hierarchical vision-based localization has the ability to a consecutive unmanned aerial vehicle localization in a wider working range from far to near, which is significant for autonomous landing.

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