scholarly journals CRITERIONAL FEATURES OF STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FINE TEXTILE MEAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
М. П. Сичевський ◽  
Л Войцехівська ◽  
К В Копилова ◽  
C Б Вербицький ◽  
Ю І Охріменко
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Mechanically Separated Meat ◽  
Minced Meat

Poultry meat mechanically separated from broiler carcasses and compared with minced meat from manual deboning was studied. It has been found that an increase in the free moisture content of mechanically separated meat by 10-15% causes a reduction in shear characteristics by almost 2 times. The shear stress values ​​in hand-rolled meat samples were, on average, 1.3 times higher than in physico-chemically similar samples of mechanically separated meat. The samples of hand-rolled meat differed by 1.4 times the values ​​of plastic viscosity, as well as larger, on average 1.5 times, the values ​​of the coefficient of consistency. A set of rheological parameters and their limit values, close to the characteristics of minced meat from manual deboning, namely: the maximum shear stress (penetration) - from 1.9 kPa to 2.2 kPa; plastic viscosity - from 33 Pa • s to 45 Pa • s; coefficient of consistency - from 1.4 to 1.7. It has been established that the most important factors influencing the difference between the rheological parameters of mechanically separated meat and hand-rolled meat are the fat content and the degree of grinding. The reduction of fat content, processing pressure, as well as the speed of grinding of raw materials allows to bring the rheological characteristics of mechanically separated meat to the characteristics of manual deboning meat. The nature of the change in the rheological properties of meat mechanically separated over time is revealed: during the first stage (lasts about 2-3 hours) the structure remains unchanged, the second stage is the period of growth of all indicators to the maximum value, this is the period of critical aging. Further aging (third period) is characterized by a decrease in the numerical values ​​of all indicators, due to a decrease in the strength of the structure under the action of a complex of microbiological and biochemical processes. The study of the rheological properties of mechanically separated meat of broiler chickens and the comparison of the obtained indicators with the corresponding characteristics of minced meat formed by mincing hand-rolled meat, gave grounds for concluding on the possibility and expediency of mechanically separated meat in meat products.

Influences of Micropowder Gradation on Rheological Properties of Cement-Based Composite Pastes

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 1398-1401
Author(s):  
Jian Qing Gong ◽  
Han Ning Xiao ◽  
Zheng Yu Huang ◽  
Jiu Su Li ◽  
Jing Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Packing Density ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Compressible Packing Model

The rheological parameters of cement pastes were investigated by varying the type and content of micropowders and the ratio of water to binder. Compressible packing model was used to calculate the packing density and to evaluate the influence of micropowders gradation on the rheological properties of fresh cement pastes. Results indicate that the higher the packing density is, the lower the yielding shear stress and plastic viscosity will be. When the ratio of water to binder is less than 0.20, the cement paste with 15% UFA and 15% SF has highest packing density and lowest yielding shear stress and plastic viscosity, which is beneficial to the workability of ultra-high performance concrete.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature and Used Ingredients on Rheological Parameters of Pancake Dough

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Peter Hlaváč ◽  
Monika Božiková
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Dynamic And Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Temperature Dynamic

Abstract This paper presents the selected rheological properties of pancake dough such as dynamic and kinematic viscosity and fluidity. The effect of used ingredients and temperature on rheological properties is investigated. Measurements were performed on three pancake dough samples. In two samples, there was used milk with a different fat content, and in the third sample, all ingredients were in a powder state. A digital rotational viscometer Anton Paar DV-3P was used for measuring the rheological properties. The principle of viscometer measurement is based on the dependence of sample resistance to probe rotation. Results of measurements are shown as graphical dependencies of rheological parameters on temperature. Exponential functions were used to express the dependencies of all rheological parameters on temperature. Dynamic and kinematic viscosity decreased, and fluidity increased with temperature. The highest values of dynamic viscosity were obtained for pancake dough from powder ingredients. A higher fat content of used milk caused higher values of dynamic viscosity.

scholarly journals The influence of base oil type on the rheological properties of ecological lubricating greases

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Rafał Kozdrach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Flow Curves ◽  
Lubricating Grease ◽  
Dispersion Phase ◽  
Base Oil

The article presents the results of research on the influence the type of base oil in lubricating compositions has on the rheological parameters of selected lubricants. Vegetable, mineral, and synthetic dispersion phases were used to produce lubricating greases. The modified amorphous silica was used as the dispersed phase. However, as a modifying additive was used a substance containing the antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, and EP/AW additives. The experiments on rheological properties were carried out using a Physica MCR 101 rotational rheometer (manufactured by Anton Paar), equipped with a diffusion air bearing and connected to a pneumatic supply – an oil-free Jun-Air compressor and air drying block. The device is equipped with a Peltier system for temperature control in the range of –20°C to 200°C and an external thermostatic VISCOTHERM V2 system, working in the temperature range of –20°C to 200°C. The rheometer control and measurement data analysis were performed using Rheoplus software. The tests were carried out using a cone-plate measuring system with a shear rate range of 0.01–100 s-1 at 20°C for lubricating compositions prepared on various oil bases. To evaluate the value of rheological parameters, the results of tests of the dependence between shear stress and shear rate (flow curves) were used. For the theoretical determined on the flow curves, the following rheological models were used: Bingham, Herschel–Bulkley, Casson, and Tscheuschner. The values of the shear stress (yield point) in depending on the type of dispersion phase has changed. This proves that the use of a base oil with the appropriate functional properties does not weaken, but reinforces the spatial structure of a lubricating grease. It has an important meaning when selecting construction parameters when designing a central lubrication system with grease made from a vegetable oil base (Abyssinian oil). The rheological properties of the lubricating grease are influenced by the type of base oil and thickener, any additives in the grease, the production technology of the grease, and the conditions in which it is used. The tests revealed an important influence of the base oil on the rheological parameters that describe the behaviour of lubricating compositions subjected to stresses and strains in a lubricating system.

scholarly journals Influence of polymer fibers on rheological properties of cement mortars

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Malaszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Bingham Model

AbstractThe reinforcing effect of fibers in cement composites often results in the improvement of the brittle nature of cementitious materials. But the decrease in the workability of fresh concrete is often the disadvantage of fibers addition. Conventional single-point workability tests cannot characterize workability of concrete in terms of fundamental rheological parameters. To this end, this paper describes an investigation of the influence of synthetic fiber additions (fiber length in the range 12–50 mm and volume fraction in the range 0–4%) on the rheological properties of fiber reinforced fresh mortar (FRFM) and development of these properties over time. The rheometer Viskomat XL was used in this study. Within the limitations of the instrument and testing procedure it is shown that FRFMs conform to the Bingham model. Natural postglacial sand 0/4 mm was used as a fine aggregate and cement CEMI 42.5 R was used as a binder. Three commercial synthetic fibers were selected for these examinations. Rheological properties were expressed in terms of Bingham model parameters g (yield value ) and h (plastic viscosity). Based on the test results it was found out that the fiber type and volume fraction affected both the yield stress and plastic viscosity.

scholarly journals Influence of plasma on the physical properties of ointments with quercetin

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-578
Author(s):  
Beata Szulc-Musioł ◽  
Barbara Dolińska ◽  
Justyna Kołodziejska ◽  
Florian Ryszka
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Newtonian Systems ◽  
Two Independent Variables

Abstract Effects of two independent variables - the content of quercetin (0 or 1 or 1.5 or 5 %) and the content of plasma (0 or 2 or 4 or 6 %) - on the organoleptic properties and rheological parameters of model formulations prepared on an amphiphilic base were estimated. The consistency of all ointments was uniform, and the content of quercetin and plasma lay within the predefined range. Tested ointments are non-Newtonian systems. The content of quercetin and plasma was found to have a significant effect on the rheological properties of the ointments. An increase in the content of plasma in ointments was accompanied by a significant increase in their hardness, viscosity and shear stress and a reduction of their spreadability. The best rheological properties were shown by formulation F-3, containing 1.5 % of quercetin and 2 % of plasma.

scholarly journals Effect of Silica Fume on the Rheological Properties of Cement Paste with Ultra-Low Water Binder Ratio

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Juan He ◽  
Congmi Cheng ◽  
Xiaofen Zhu ◽  
Xiaosen Li
Keyword(s):  
Hysteresis Loop ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Silica Fume ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Loop Area ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Hysteresis Loop Area ◽  
Water Binder Ratio

The effect of silica fume on the rheological properties of a cement–silica fume–high range water reducer–water mixture with ultra-low water binder ratio (CSHWM) was studied. The results indicate that the W/B ratio and silica fume content have different effects on the rheological parameters, including the yield stress, plastic viscosity, and hysteresis loop area. The shear-thickening influence of CSHWM decreased with the increased silica fume content. When the silica fume content increased from 0% to 35%, the mixture with W/B ratio of 0.19 and 0.23 changed from a dilatant fluid to a Newtonian fluid, and then to a pseudoplastic fluid. When the silica fume content was less than 15%, the yield stress was close to 0. With the increase of silica fume content, the yield stress increased rapidly. The plastic viscosity and hysteresis loop area decreased slightly with the addition of a small amount of silica fume, but increased significantly with the continuous increase of silica fume. Compared with the Bingham and modified Bingham models, the Herschel–Buckley model is more applicable for this CSHWM.

scholarly journals Evaluating the thermal effect on the rheological properties of waste vegetable oil biodiesel modified bentonite drilling muds using Vipulanandan model

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-232
Author(s):  
ALAIN P. TCHAMENI ◽  
LIN ZHAO ◽  
JOSEPH X. F. RIBEIRO ◽  
TING LI
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Modified Bentonite ◽  
Stress Limit ◽  
Waste Vegetable Oil ◽  
Drilling Muds

In this investigation, the effects of the temperature on the flow characteristics of waste vegetable oil biodiesel modified bentonite drilling mud were quantified. The biodiesel contents in the drilling muds are varied from 0 to 9% of the volume of the water in order to reduce the yield point and upper shear stress limit produced by the mud during drilling activities under simulated thermal condition ranging from 28°C to 180°C. The results revealed that the bentonite drilling mud loaded with 6 vol.% waste vegetable oil biodiesel demonstrates fairly favorable rheological properties compared to others when exposed to similar heat treatment. Moreover, the rheological behavior of biodiesel-free bentonite mud and samples loaded with biodiesel were quantified using the Vipulanandan model and compared with others existing models used in the industry such as: Bingham plastic model and Herschel-Bulkley model. It was observed that the Vipulanandan model predicts satisfactorily the shear thinning relationship between the shear stress and shear strain rate of the modified bentonite drilling muds. Furthermore, by using the Vipulanandan model, the maximum shear stress values for 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% biodiesel content at 28°C are found to be 63.67 Pa, 84.54 Pa, 84.64 Pa and 85.02 Pa, respectively. When exposed to heat treatment at 180°C, the maximum shear stress values recorded for 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% are 53.18 Pa, 67.39 Pa, 64.52 Pa and 72.70 Pa, respectively, which represent a reduction of 14% to 16% in the upper shear stress limit.

Experimental Research on Rheological Properties of Cemented Mortar in Tail Void Grouting of Shield Tunnel

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 1201-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Hui Yuan ◽  
Yue Wang Han
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Plastic Viscosity ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Shear Yield Stress ◽  
Shear Yield ◽  
Binder Ratio ◽  
Water Ratio ◽  
Water Binder Ratio

Grout flow pattern and rheological parameters determine grouting pressure transfer process in annular tail void and filling rate for shield tail void. However, cemented mortar is a mixture of cement, fly ash, sand, bentonite and water, which lead to grout rheological properties and rheological parameters are difficultly determined. Based on orthogonal experimental design method, grout rheological properties were tested by rotational viscometer. Utilizing variance and poly-nonlinear regression analysis, the qualitative and quantitative relationships between mix ratios and rheological parameters were obtained respectively. It is shown that cemented mortar flow pattern commonly agree with Bingham fluid type, and plastic viscosity varies between 1 and 4Pa•s, and shear yield stress varies between 10 to 40Pa respectively. Water-binder ratio and bentonite-water ratio are key influencing factors for grout rheological parameters. With the water-binder ratio increasing and bentonite-water ratio decreasing, plastic viscosity and shear yield stress present reducing tendency.

Rheological Properties of Two Unvulcanized Rubber Compounds as Determined on an Extrusion and a Rotational Viscometer

1964 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-502
Author(s):  
F. E. Devine ◽  
J. A. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Extrusion Pressure ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Extrude Material ◽  
Rotational Viscometer ◽  
Shear Rates ◽  
Rubber Compounds

Abstract The viscometer manufactured by A. Macklow-Smith Ltd., which operates at constant rate of extrusion, is a capillary instrument designed for the determination of flow properties of plastics. The instrument has been used for examining the rheological characteristics of rubber compounds and it has been possible to derive the shear stresses required to extrude material at various shear rates between 2 and 1050 sec−1. The general method of operation of the instrument for this purpose is discussed including the determination of preheat time before extrusion and the aspect of incipient vulcanization in the viscometer during extrusion. The effects of various lengths and diameters of dies on rheological parameters and entrance effects are discussed. An important aspect of the work is the observation of a piston height effect in the extruder barrel. Two different compounded polymers have been examined and in one case, the extrusion pressure was found to decrease with piston height whilst in the other highly elastic material, it was found that as the piston descended, the extrusion pressure increased to an equilibrium value. The importance of this effect in obtaining consistent shear stress data is discussed. Results of the work have been expressed in terms of apparent viscosity and also in terms of the parameters which describe a power law relating shear stress and shear rate within the capillary die. Rheological data have been obtained at various temperatures within the range of processing temperatures of the compounds. The effects on rheological properties of mastication and relaxation time after mastication have been examined. Results have been compared with figures obtained on conventional laboratory viscometers such as the Mooney Plastometer and the Wallace Rapid Plastimeter. A biconical, rotational viscometer has also been used at the lower range of shear rates and the results are compared with those obtained from the extrusion viscometer.

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