scholarly journals Donosheniye as the Petitionary Document Type in Russian Legislative Acts and Regional Business Writing of the 18th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Svetlana Rusanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Business Writing ◽  
Document Type ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Clerical Work ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Language Style ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic History

The purpose of the article is to describe some genre and stylistic features of the 18th-century regional report, or donosheniye. The research is also focused on the semantic history of the term donosheniye reflected in the legislative acts of the 18 th century that regulated the language style of regional clerical work and determined the main trends in its systematization. It is pointed that the term donosheniye was used in the legislative documents of Peter the Great period as a synonym for doklad, raport (report) and chelobitnaya (humble petition). The research results show that the term donosheniye had lack of genre "purity" and was functionally polysemantic in regional business writing, which explains the original conceptual syncretism of the term. The author characterizes the petitioning type of donosheniye that emerged in the 18 th century simultaneously with establishment of the chelobitnaya. The analysis of the documents circulating in the Russian regions discovered that donosheniye, being integrated into the petitioning documents system, functioned as a petitioning statement in the cases which did not require judicial consideration. Conversely, chelobitnaya was a kind of lawsuit claim. It was proved that the petitioning type of donosheniye slightly changed the form, which was characteristic of this type of petitions; its genre features move closer to the reporting type of donosheniye.

Отцейхгаузадомузеяизисториивоенно-историческогомузеяартиллерии,инженерныхвойскивойсксвязи

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-197
Author(s):  
V.E. . Sergei
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
General Field ◽  
Signal Corps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Military Engineering ◽  
The Military

The article is dedicated to the history of the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering and Signal Corps. The author examines the main stages of the museums formation, starting with the foundation of the Arsenal, established in St. Petersburg at the orders of Peter the Great on August 29th 1703 for the safekeeping and preservation of memory, for eternal glory of unique arms and military trophies. In 1756, on the base of the Arsenals collection, the General Inspector of Artillery Count P.I. created the Memorial Hall, set up at the Arsenal, on St. Petersburgs Liteyny Avenue. By the end of the 18th century the collection included over 6,000 exhibits. In 1868 the Memorial Hall was transferred to the New Arsenal, at the Crownwork of the Petropavlovsky Fortress, and renamed the Artillery Museum (since 1903 the Artillery Historical Museum). A large part of the credit for the development and popularization of the collection must be given to the historian N.E. Brandenburg, the man rightly considered the founder of Russias military museums, who was the chief curator from 1872 to 1903. During the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars a significant part of the museums holdings were evacuated to Yaroslavl and Novosibirsk. Thanks to the undying devotion of the museums staff, it not only survived, but increased its collection. In the 1960s over 100,000 exhibits were transferred from the holdings of the Central Historical Museum of Military Engineering and the Military Signal Corps Museum. In 1991 the collection also received the entire Museum of General Field Marshal M.I. Kutuzov, transferred from the Polish town of Bolesawjec. The Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering and Signal Coprs is now one of the largest museums of military history in the world. It holds an invaluable collection of artillery and ammunition, of firearms and cold steel arms, military engineering and signal technology, military banners, uniforms, a rich collection of paintings and graphic works, orders and medals, as well as extensive archives, all dedicated to the history of Russian artillery and the feats of our nations defenders.Статья посвящена истории создания ВоенноИсторического музея артиллерии, инженерных войск и войск связи. Автор рассматривает основные этапы становления музея, начиная с основания Арсенала, созданного в СанктПетербурге по приказу Петра I 29 августа 1703 года для хранения и сохранения памяти, во имя вечной славы уникального оружия и военных трофеев. В 1756 году на базе коллекции Арсенала генеральный инспектор артиллерии граф П. И. создал мемориальный зал, установленный при Арсенале, на Литейном проспекте СанктПетербурга. К концу 18 века коллекция насчитывала более 6000 экспонатов. В 1868 году Мемориальный зал был перенесен в Новый Арсенал, на венец Петропавловской крепости, и переименован в Артиллерийский музей (с 1903 года Артиллерийский Исторический музей). Большая заслуга в развитии и популяризации коллекции принадлежит историку Н.Е. Бранденбургу, человеку, по праву считавшемуся основателем российских военных музеев, который был главным хранителем с 1872 по 1903 год. В годы Гражданской и Великой Отечественной войн значительная часть фондов музея была эвакуирована в Ярославль и Новосибирск. Благодаря неусыпной преданности сотрудников музея, он не только сохранился, но и пополнил свою коллекцию. В 1960х годах более 100 000 экспонатов были переданы из фондов Центрального исторического военноинженерного музея и Музея войск связи. В 1991 году коллекцию также получил весь музей генералфельдмаршала М. И. Кутузова, переданный из польского города Болеславец. Военноисторический музей артиллерии, инженерных войск и войск связи в настоящее время является одним из крупнейших музеев военной истории в мире. Здесь хранится бесценная коллекция артиллерии и боеприпасов, огнестрельного и холодного оружия, военной техники и сигнальной техники, военных знамен, обмундирования, богатая коллекция живописных и графических работ, орденов и медалей, а также обширные архивы, посвященные истории русской артиллерии и подвигам защитников нашего народа.

scholarly journals The Pharaoh’s Dream or the Collapse of Kirill Naryshkin, the Fourth Moscow Governor

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Redin
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
First Time

For the first time in historiographe the article reconstructs the personal history of Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin. This research is based on the personal and private letters of Naryshkin to the Tsar and Prince Alexander Menshikov. The former are extracted from various documentary collections, first of all, “Letters and Papers of Peter the Great”, the latter are found by the author in the Russian Archive of Ancient Acts and have not been studied before. The reconstruction is focused on the history of the career that was built by K. A. Naryshkin during the first one and a half decades of the 18th century. He successfully and efficiently ruled over the northwestern counties of Russia, solving the difficult tasks of endowing the Russian army, reorganizing garrison regiments, mapping and supervising fortifications on the adjoining lands of Ingria and eastern Estonia as a chief commandant (ober-komendant). However, after being appointed to the post of Moscow governor in 1716, the career of Naryshkin collapsed. Problems at work, tensions with the Senate, harassment by investigative and administrative authorities coincided with a personal drama – the death of his wife and serious property losses. The author both in the context of the general administrative situation of the era, and in line with the then established system of informal ties surrounded by Tsar Peter analyzes the reasons for the collapse of a capable and energetic manager.

Theophan Prokopovich’s treatise “About reviling of decrees of Peter the Great” (1734): towards the history of disputes about the destiny of monasticism in Russia in the 18th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-61
Author(s):  
Olga A. Krasheninnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Head Of State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

This article analyzes for the first time the full text of objection of Theophan Prokopovich (1681–1736) to the work of Markell Radyshevskiy (†1742) on monasticism ([Objection to The announcement of monasticism], 1730), and explains the circumstances and motives for its creation. In his polemical treatise of 1734, Theophan Prokopovich polemicises with the most important provisions of Markell Radyshevskiy’s work, defending the views of Peter’s companions on monasticism and the Church. In his rebuttal, Theophan Prokopovich stands as a staunch supporter of Peter I and his Church reform, a supporter of unlimited autocratic power and unconditional subordination of the Church to the head of state. He polemicises with important arguments of Markell Radyshevskiy’s work, defending all the main provisions of Peter’s 1724 decree on monasticism. The first full publication of Theophan Prokopovich’s objection will give a clear idea of the nature of the ideological and religious disputes of Peter’s time, the essence and intensity of the controversy between Church reformers and conservatives in the era of formation of the Russian state in the 18th century.

scholarly journals Иностранные языки в России XVIII в

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 147-169
Author(s):  
Татьяна Костина
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

This article presents a summary of the reports and transcripts of the discussion held on October 24, 2020, at a panel on the functioning of foreign languages in 18th-century Russia, which took place during the international conference "Müller Readings-2020." The attendees discussed different approaches to the subject using various historical examples, such as the language of the manuscripts presented to Peter the Great and Catherine I; the languages of Russian-Turkish diplomacy in the reign of Peter the Great; the problems of the horizon of the translator and the genre conditionality of the use of languages; their use in the initial period of the existence of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences; and the problems of publishing foreign language sources. Several reports were devoted to the history of teaching foreign languages among various social strata, as well as to the methods of teaching languages in the 18th century.

scholarly journals BELGOROD CITY MANSIONS OF THE XVIII CENTURY

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Л. Колесникова ◽  
Lyudmila Kolesnikova ◽  
С. Семенцов ◽  
S. Semencov
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Architectural Monument ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Development Policy ◽  
The City

The article deals with the historical aspects of the appearance of a new urban development policy in Russia at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries during the reign of Peter the Great, due to the fact that this era was the turning point in the history of Russian town-planning. In the interests of the state the urban policy was carried out, which was intended to provide the necessary fire-prevention and sanitary measures. The article describes the construction in Belgorod according to a new regular plan in 1768, designed by the architect A.V. Kvasov. It analyzes the architecture of the extant stone-built city manor buildings through the example of the House of merchant Selivanov – a remarkable architectural monument of urban homesteads, having no counterparts in the city, and the House of the noblewoman Rebinina. The compositional aspects of "exemplary" designs for houses in the end of the 18th century are considered.

History of optics on materials of collections Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography named after Peter the Great (Kunstkamera).

10.12737/6578 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
Евгения Лупанова ◽  
Evgeniya Lupanova
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Magic Power ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Cultures ◽  
History Of Optics ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Collections of Peter the Great’s Museum for Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) represent unique combination of ethnic collections from dif erent countries of the world and historical monuments of Russian science, early period of St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Expositions and funds of the museum permanently attract the attention of specialists in dif erent f elds. One of topics that can be learned on the basis of our museum is history of optics. The collections provide opportunities to study the simplest optical devices in Eastern traditional cultures. Collections provide the opportunity to study usage of mirrors, clear crystals (which were believed to possess magic power) in traditional cultures as well as the process of transformation of stored for ages celestial observations into a basis for further forming of scientif c knowledge. The interest of European scholars to Oriental countries in the 18th century was not just interest to exotic, but also interest to the stored experience of observations. The expositions «М.V. Lomonosov and Academy of Sciences in the 18th century» and «First Astronomical Observatory of the Academy of Sciences», as well as the funds of the department of the history of the Kunstlkamera and Russian sciences in the 18th century present scientif c instruments, which have become monuments of Russian and European optics — lenses, mirrors, spyglasses, telescopes, transit instruments and others. They are just f ne material both for enlightening work with visitors and for historical researches. One can see there instruments made by famous masters of the 18-19th centuries — E.W. Tschirnhaus, E. Nairne, J. Bird, J. Ramsden, J. Fraunhofer. There collections are also interesting from the cultural point of view. The period of forming Russian science is the same time as the process of refusing to perceive optical instruments as attributes of “elegant leisure”, devices for entertaining rich and enlighten public$ process of af rmance microscopes, telescopes, lenses etc. as scientif c instruments to be used by specialists at their observatories, laboratories and also for teaching purposes. Today we can see the revival of this fashion and high public interest to scientif c observations.

scholarly journals Peter the Great in N.M. Karamzin’s Reflections

2019 ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Ruslan Dzhabbarov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
History Of

Introduction. The conservative trend is fashionable and highly sought in the political discourse of modern Russia. This indicates the relevance of studying the history of conservative thought. The novelty of the article is the attraction and analysis of new sources, which made it possible to concretize the attitude of N.M. Karamzin to Peter I. The aim of the study is to identify and establish the views of Karamzin on the role of Peter the Great in the history of Russia. The objectives are to identify the stages and directions of the evolution of the views of N.M. Karamzin on the reformer and his activities, determining the causes of its changes. Methods. The article uses the problem-chronological method within the framework of intellectual history. Analysis. Based on the analysis of the historian’s work, it is asserted that through the end of the 18th century N.M. Karamzin extolled Peter the Great and justified his cruel reformation methods. Starting from the reign of reform-minded Alexander I of Russia and being influenced by revolutionary events in France, the Russian historian began to criticize Peter the Great. In his Memoir on Ancient and Modern Russia the historian criticized Peter’s violation of national traditions and his barbaric methods of the country’s Europeanization. Later, in the closing stages of the reign of Alexander I, the historian having considered Russia’s victory over France, stepped back to his positive evaluation of Peter the Great as the ruler of the country, who laid the groundwork for Russia’s power and prestige. Results. Thus, the article analyzes the evolution of the views of the major ideologist of Russian conservatism N. M. Karamzin on the role of Peter the Great in Russian history. Research gaps are closed, requiring filling by engaging sources for analysis not previously involved in scientific circulation.

scholarly journals The first attempt to print Danilo’s Collection

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Branislav Todic
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Language Style ◽  
Liturgical Texts ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Integral Work

The interest in the Collection of Hagiographies of Serbian Kings and Archbishops by Archbishop Danilo II (1324-1337) increased sharply in the 18th century, when it began to be used as a historical source, as well. Thus, at the beginning of the 18th century, it was used for the first time by Count Djordje Brankovic in the Slavo-Serbian Chronicles, while the first attempts to print it appeared in the second half of that century. The initiator was Timotej Jovanovic, prohegumen of the Chilandar Monastery, and it was a part of his ambitious plan to publish the old liturgical texts of Serbian saints, primarily of Chilandar founders. In 1780, he and his monk brother, hieromonk Teodosije, copied and edited Danilo?s Collection according to an older manuscript from 1553. Their copy (the Library of the Serbian Patriarchate, MS 45) is formed as a ?spiegel?, i.e. a prepared version for a printed book. In relation to the earlier copies of the Collection, the composition and content of the text were considerably changed. It was undoubtedly expected that the printed version of the book would be available to the diverse readership, who needed the text to be closer to them considering its language, style, and even its changed content. The printing of Danilo?s Collection was delayed due to the financial troubles in Chilandar and the death of Timotej Jovanovic in March 1781. The prepared manuscript was therefore handed over to Aleksa Kojic, a merchant from Osijek, so that he could try to find money for its publication. It is not known how hard Kojic worked on that. In the meantime, the History of Jovan Rajic was published (1794), in which there were many quotations from Danilo?s Collection that aroused great interest among the European scolars of that time and actualized the need to publish the integral work of Archbishop Danilo. Metropolitan Stefan Stratimirovic (1790-1836), a lover of philology and history, took on the publication of Danilo?s Collection, but when he received the manuscript of Timotej and Teodosije from Kojic in 1803 and compared it with an older copy, he found that it deviated much from the original. Therefore, he asked for a copy from 1553 to be sent to him from Chilandar, which the Chilandarians promised him as early as the beginning of 1804. That year, however, the Serbian uprising began, which completely occupied Metropolitan Stratimirovic, and put his literary and historical preoccu?pations on the back burner.

EPITAFIES OF THE RELATIVES OF HADJI IBRAHIM AL-URADI AS A SOURCE ON THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIST AND ON THE HISTORY OF GIDATL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Sh M Khapizov ◽  
M G Shekhmagomedov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Look ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Written Sources

The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.

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