scholarly journals BELGOROD CITY MANSIONS OF THE XVIII CENTURY

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Л. Колесникова ◽  
Lyudmila Kolesnikova ◽  
С. Семенцов ◽  
S. Semencov
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Architectural Monument ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Development Policy ◽  
The City

The article deals with the historical aspects of the appearance of a new urban development policy in Russia at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries during the reign of Peter the Great, due to the fact that this era was the turning point in the history of Russian town-planning. In the interests of the state the urban policy was carried out, which was intended to provide the necessary fire-prevention and sanitary measures. The article describes the construction in Belgorod according to a new regular plan in 1768, designed by the architect A.V. Kvasov. It analyzes the architecture of the extant stone-built city manor buildings through the example of the House of merchant Selivanov – a remarkable architectural monument of urban homesteads, having no counterparts in the city, and the House of the noblewoman Rebinina. The compositional aspects of "exemplary" designs for houses in the end of the 18th century are considered.

scholarly journals Karasubazar: Historical Topography of the City of the Crimean Khanate in the 16th-18th Centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
Sergei G. Bocharov
Keyword(s):  
Final Stage ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Planning History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The article covers the main points of the town-planning history of Karasubazar, the city of the Crimean khanate, and, most importantly, offers a graphic reconstruction of its master plan for the last quarter of the 18th century, the final stage of the state’s existence. Reconstruction of the historical topography of the late medieval city was carried out for the first time on the basis of three types of sources – written, cartographic, and archaeological. All the basic elements of the city’s historical topography as well as the plan of quarterly residential development and a network of streets are reconstructed. Characteristic features of the location of the quarters inhabited by the Greek, Armenian and Jewish population among the main population of the Tatar inhabitants are revealed. City mosques, bathhouses, fountains supplying the citizens with water, hotels-caravanserais, shopping malls, and production workshops are localized. It is found out that Karasubazar was the second largest settlement in the state, its capital Bakhchisarai being the largest one. By the final stage of the Crimean khanate’s existence the area of the urban development of Karasubazar was 109.0 hectares

Отцейхгаузадомузеяизисториивоенно-историческогомузеяартиллерии,инженерныхвойскивойсксвязи

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-197
Author(s):  
V.E. . Sergei
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
General Field ◽  
Signal Corps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Military Engineering ◽  
The Military

The article is dedicated to the history of the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering and Signal Corps. The author examines the main stages of the museums formation, starting with the foundation of the Arsenal, established in St. Petersburg at the orders of Peter the Great on August 29th 1703 for the safekeeping and preservation of memory, for eternal glory of unique arms and military trophies. In 1756, on the base of the Arsenals collection, the General Inspector of Artillery Count P.I. created the Memorial Hall, set up at the Arsenal, on St. Petersburgs Liteyny Avenue. By the end of the 18th century the collection included over 6,000 exhibits. In 1868 the Memorial Hall was transferred to the New Arsenal, at the Crownwork of the Petropavlovsky Fortress, and renamed the Artillery Museum (since 1903 the Artillery Historical Museum). A large part of the credit for the development and popularization of the collection must be given to the historian N.E. Brandenburg, the man rightly considered the founder of Russias military museums, who was the chief curator from 1872 to 1903. During the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars a significant part of the museums holdings were evacuated to Yaroslavl and Novosibirsk. Thanks to the undying devotion of the museums staff, it not only survived, but increased its collection. In the 1960s over 100,000 exhibits were transferred from the holdings of the Central Historical Museum of Military Engineering and the Military Signal Corps Museum. In 1991 the collection also received the entire Museum of General Field Marshal M.I. Kutuzov, transferred from the Polish town of Bolesawjec. The Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering and Signal Coprs is now one of the largest museums of military history in the world. It holds an invaluable collection of artillery and ammunition, of firearms and cold steel arms, military engineering and signal technology, military banners, uniforms, a rich collection of paintings and graphic works, orders and medals, as well as extensive archives, all dedicated to the history of Russian artillery and the feats of our nations defenders.Статья посвящена истории создания ВоенноИсторического музея артиллерии, инженерных войск и войск связи. Автор рассматривает основные этапы становления музея, начиная с основания Арсенала, созданного в СанктПетербурге по приказу Петра I 29 августа 1703 года для хранения и сохранения памяти, во имя вечной славы уникального оружия и военных трофеев. В 1756 году на базе коллекции Арсенала генеральный инспектор артиллерии граф П. И. создал мемориальный зал, установленный при Арсенале, на Литейном проспекте СанктПетербурга. К концу 18 века коллекция насчитывала более 6000 экспонатов. В 1868 году Мемориальный зал был перенесен в Новый Арсенал, на венец Петропавловской крепости, и переименован в Артиллерийский музей (с 1903 года Артиллерийский Исторический музей). Большая заслуга в развитии и популяризации коллекции принадлежит историку Н.Е. Бранденбургу, человеку, по праву считавшемуся основателем российских военных музеев, который был главным хранителем с 1872 по 1903 год. В годы Гражданской и Великой Отечественной войн значительная часть фондов музея была эвакуирована в Ярославль и Новосибирск. Благодаря неусыпной преданности сотрудников музея, он не только сохранился, но и пополнил свою коллекцию. В 1960х годах более 100 000 экспонатов были переданы из фондов Центрального исторического военноинженерного музея и Музея войск связи. В 1991 году коллекцию также получил весь музей генералфельдмаршала М. И. Кутузова, переданный из польского города Болеславец. Военноисторический музей артиллерии, инженерных войск и войск связи в настоящее время является одним из крупнейших музеев военной истории в мире. Здесь хранится бесценная коллекция артиллерии и боеприпасов, огнестрельного и холодного оружия, военной техники и сигнальной техники, военных знамен, обмундирования, богатая коллекция живописных и графических работ, орденов и медалей, а также обширные архивы, посвященные истории русской артиллерии и подвигам защитников нашего народа.

Artificial Planning Experience by Means of a Heuristic Cell-Space Model: Simulating International Migration in the Urban Process

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1647-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Portugali ◽  
I Benenson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Policy And Planning ◽  
The City ◽  
Theory And Model

We suggest considering the city as a complex, open, and thus self-organized system, and describing it by means of a cell-space model. A central property of self-organizing systems is that they are not controllable—not by individuals, nor by economic, political, and planning institutions. The city, in this respect, is complex and untamable. Inability to recognize and accept this property is one of the reasons for the difficulties and problems of modernist town planning. The theory and model we present are built to describe the urban process as a historical one in which, given identical initial conditions, each simulation run is unique and never fully repeats itself. From the point of view of urban policy and planning, our heuristic model can guide decisionmakers by answering the following question: ‘given the initial conditions of an inflow of new immigrants (that is, from the ex-USSR), what possible urban scenarios can result, and what are their global structural properties?’.

scholarly journals Public-private partnership in the implementation of innovative urban development policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Yulia Vertakova ◽  
Tatyana Babich ◽  
Olga Lebedenko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Public Private Partnership ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Urban Development Policy

Many countries are moving to a new technological structure, caused by the 4th industrial and technological revolution. This transition is accompanied by the transformation of the previously existing territorial organization of the economy, infrastructure and resettlement, which relates to issues of urban development policy. In this case, coordination of the interests of the state and business is required. An effective tool in this area is public-private partnership (PPP). The main goal is the development of tools for the implementation of innovative urban development policy in the technological and social transformation of the economy. The methodological basis is the methodologies, approaches in the works of foreign and Russian scientists in the field of PPP research in the implementation of innovative urban policy. The main results of the study are following: 1.The modern task of urban development policy is the formation of a comfortable environment that will ensure a high standard of living for the population. 2. For the implementation of this task, the “adaptive territory” approach is suggested. 3. The modern tool for this approach is PPP. The main conclusions and recommendations can be used to justify the mechanisms for implementing innovative urban development policy in order to harmonize the interests of the state and business in the implementation of the “adaptive territory” approach, which meets the modern development paths of the global economy.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Residents of a Satellite Degraded City District as Part of Urban Development Policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Szafranek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
City District ◽  
City Structure ◽  
Urban Development Policy ◽  
The City

The purpose of this article is to assess the quality of life of the residents of a degraded satellite area of a city. It is considered in the context of urban development policy – as the result of decisions and as a challenge for long-term development. The research was based on a case study, which is the district of Opole referred to as Metalchem. It is characterized by an isolated location in the city structure as well as economic transformations. The study was based primarily on an analysis of source materials and results of a survey. The results show that the assessment of the quality of life is inconsistent. The living conditions are good, but satisfactory fulfilment of social needs is lacking. The residents of the studied area feel that their quality of life is lower than that of other residents of the city. This situation is the result of three main factors: insufficient access to public services, an ingrained negative image of the quarter, and a lack of coherence and continuity of the policy regarding this area. Research shows that the quality of life of the residents of degraded and satellite districts depends on the management and investments in the area, on the area’s perceived status within the city, but primarily on a consistent implementation of spatial and economic policies. Ensuring cohesion and integration between the satellite districts and the city center as well as other districts is also important.

scholarly journals LINEAR CITY: INDEPENDENT AMERICAN PROJECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Vasily D. FILIPPOV
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Franklin Roosevelt ◽  
The City ◽  
The New Deal ◽  
Linear Concentration ◽  
Linear City

Two projects of the Linear City, which appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, in the United States, regardless of the project implemented earlier in Spain by Arturo Soria, are described. The technical and town-planning features of the Roadtown project by Edgar Chembless and the social ideas underlying it are given. The reasons for the failure of this project, as well as similar projects that appeared later, are analyzed. The history of the project of Milo Hastings and his idea of a linear concentration of dwellings in the city are given. Although this project was also not implemented, the reasons why its town-planning ideas found application in the post-war construction of the American suburb and social ideas in the New Deal of President Franklin Roosevelt are shown.

scholarly journals Impulsos urbanos. Apuntes para entender el presente y el futuro de Dubái | Urban Impulses. Notes to Understand the Present and the Future of Dubai

ZARCH ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Rubén García Rubio ◽  
Tiziano Aglieri Rinella
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Las Vegas ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Global Imaginary ◽  
Led Lights ◽  
The City

En el imaginario global, Dubái representa hoy en día una fascinante y reluciente ciudad joven proyectada hacia el futuro aunque hace tan solo 50 años, la ciudad no era más que pequeña población de comerciantes y pescadores. Sin embargo, el descubrimiento y comercialización el petróleo en los años 60 supuso un punto de inflexión en la historia del emirato y su capital. Rápidamente brotaron del desierto infinitas siluetas de luces brillantes que animan la imagen de Dubái. Una imagen que presenta numerosas analogías con las fachadas iluminadas de Las Vegas, ciudad con la que Dubái ha sido frecuentemente comparada, pero, ¿qué se esconde verdaderamente “detrás de las fachadas” de este espectáculo urbano? La rápida y explosiva expansión de la ciudad durante el pasado reciente condujo a fenómenos de expansión urbana y a la proliferación de espacios basura (junkspaces). En medio de zonas de alta densidad existen grandes espacios vacíos y zonas desérticas generan una fuerte sensación de desorientación urbana. Así, en una ciudad donde los centros comerciales y los hoteles se ha convertido en los principales puntos de agregación social, la estructura urbana parece similar a una interconexión de “no-lugares”, según la definición de Marc Augé, de iconos dispersos por el territorio. Este artículo analizará las ambiciones implícitas y descartadas de los distintos planes urbanos de Dubái para, en base a ellos, tratar de señalar las soluciones para las actuales cuestiones urbanas abiertas.PALABRAS CLAVE: Dubái, crecimiento, plan urbano, morfología, densidad, futuro.In the global imaginary, Dubai represents a fascinating and glimmering young city projected to the future even, if just 50 years ago, the city was a small village of fishermen and shopkeepers. Nevertheless, the discovery and commercialization of oil in the 60s was a turning point in the history of the emirate and its capital. Quickly sprout up from the desert, the glittering led lights that animate Dubái’s skyscrapers at night present common analogies with the «decorated sheds» of Las Vegas, which is a city commonly compared with Dubái. But, what is concealed “behind the scenes” of this outstanding urban spectacle? The very fast and bursting expansion of the city of the recent past led to phenomena of urban sprawl and to the proliferation of junkspaces. In between highdensity zones, there are large unbuilt empty spaces and desertic areas that generate a strong sensation of urban disorientation. Thus, in a city where shopping malls and hotels became the main points of social aggregation, the urban structure seems similar to an interconnection of Non-Places, following the definition of Marc Augé, of urban landmarks spread on the territory. This paper will attempt to unfold the implied and jettisoned ambitions of Dubái’s masterplans, attempting to point out solutions for the present open urban issues.KEYWORDS: Dubai, urban growth, masterplan, morphology, density, future

scholarly journals The Pharaoh’s Dream or the Collapse of Kirill Naryshkin, the Fourth Moscow Governor

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Redin
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
First Time

For the first time in historiographe the article reconstructs the personal history of Kirill Alekseevich Naryshkin. This research is based on the personal and private letters of Naryshkin to the Tsar and Prince Alexander Menshikov. The former are extracted from various documentary collections, first of all, “Letters and Papers of Peter the Great”, the latter are found by the author in the Russian Archive of Ancient Acts and have not been studied before. The reconstruction is focused on the history of the career that was built by K. A. Naryshkin during the first one and a half decades of the 18th century. He successfully and efficiently ruled over the northwestern counties of Russia, solving the difficult tasks of endowing the Russian army, reorganizing garrison regiments, mapping and supervising fortifications on the adjoining lands of Ingria and eastern Estonia as a chief commandant (ober-komendant). However, after being appointed to the post of Moscow governor in 1716, the career of Naryshkin collapsed. Problems at work, tensions with the Senate, harassment by investigative and administrative authorities coincided with a personal drama – the death of his wife and serious property losses. The author both in the context of the general administrative situation of the era, and in line with the then established system of informal ties surrounded by Tsar Peter analyzes the reasons for the collapse of a capable and energetic manager.

scholarly journals Lost in Translation – Typographic variation in loanword surrounded punctuation positions

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-343
Author(s):  
Paul Rössler
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Punctuation Mark ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lost In Translation ◽  
Early 18Th Century

Abstract In German printings of the early 18th century, the shift from the hitherto dominant sentence-dividing punctuation mark, the virgule, to the comma, takes place astonishingly rapidly. It is also astonishing that until recently, research has barely devoted itself to this phenomenon, even though it is at least a turning point in the history of the highest-frequency punctuation mark in German writing. The paper examines to what extent the transition from the use of the virgule to the comma is carried out in a phase-specific manner. Previous samples have indicated the influence of the font choice on the choice of punctuation: Printers or typesetters in the early 18th century set the comma especially in the environment of the Antiqua script, which is used to graphically label non-native words or syntagms. Is this a kind of “gateway” to the comma? By means of a corpus analysis in micro-diachronic sections, the status of the virgule/comma variation will be associated with the typographic variation in terms of the use of Latin Antiqua type and the German type.

Nascent Judaism

2018 ◽  
pp. 341-356
Author(s):  
Jon L. Berquist
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Persian Empire ◽  
The Third ◽  
Israelite Religion ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Pluralistic World

The third and final section of the Hebrew Bible, known as the Writings, is a crucial part of the biblical canon and a key turning point in the history of Israelite religion. The Writings were written and shaped during the time of Persian imperial rule as well as Hellenistic influence, perhaps 450–300 bce. The city of Jerusalem and the province of Yehud existed as a part of the continent-spanning Persian Empire, in which increased scribalism and communications supported the long-term purposes of imperial order, but which also accepted a higher level of pluralism than earlier empires and monarchies. The Writings of this time, expressed in diverse genres and with great variations of affect and theology, formed nascent Judaism in ways that would maximize its relevance to a new imperial, multicultural, and pluralistic world situation as well as enhance the opportunities for Judaism to survive and thrive in future centuries.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document