scholarly journals Life-World of Metropolis: Specifics of Gender Perception

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ilynykh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Big City ◽  
Gender Aspects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The article discusses the view of a metropolis, due to the formation of metropolis identity. This identity is associated with a complex of sociocultural, socio-psychological processes, including the process of socialization in a big city. In a metropolis, patriarchal stereotypes are manifested to a lesser extent than in small cities, which contribute to a more rigid consolidation of gender roles. There is a smoothing of the gender aspects of consciousness. This situation is due to the fact that, on the one hand, the socialization of residents of megacities, as well as residents of other territories, occurs within the framework of gender culture. But, on the other hand, residents of megacities in everyday life are much more likely to encounter practices that go beyond the framework of the traditional socio-gender system. The paper provides empirical examples illustrating the characteristics of a metropolitan identity. Gender smoothing is taking place when evaluating the activities of educational and cultural institutions. Approximately equal shares of men and women assess the activities of educational and cultural institutions as high-level work. The low -level work of educational and cultural institutions is also estimated by men and women in approximately equal proportions. The results of the study show that men living in megacities stand in solidarity with women in their assessments. This may indicate that men and women are equally involved in raising children, which reflects the process of smoothing out gender stereotypes. No gender differences were also found when studying respondents' assessments of certain aspects of the social sphere. It is shown that the gender aspects of consciousness remain when assessing the sphere of health care. Significant differences in assessments of health care institutions exist when studying the question of satisfaction with the quality of state medical services, the availability of medical care and the work of ambulances. It is concluded that the smoothing of the gender aspects of consciousness is caused not only by personal characteristics but also by the individual living in a big city.

Conspicuous consumption of luxury experiences: an experimental investigation of status perceptions on social media

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolin Siepmann ◽  
Lisa Carola Holthoff ◽  
Pascal Kowalczuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Conspicuous Consumption ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Luxury Goods ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Status ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

Purpose As luxury goods are losing their importance for demonstrating status, wealth or power to others, individuals are searching for alternative status symbols. Recently, individuals have increasingly used conspicuous consumption and displays of experiences on social media to obtain affirmation. This study aims to analyze the effects of luxury and nonluxury experiences, as well as traditional luxury goods on status- and nonstatus-related dimensions. Design/methodology/approach After presenting the theoretical foundation, the authors conduct a study with 599 participants to compare status perceptions elicited by the conspicuous consumption of luxury goods, luxury experiences and nonluxury experiences. The authors investigate whether experiences that are visibly consumed on Instagram are replacing traditional luxury goods as the most important status symbols. Furthermore, the authors examine the effects of the content shown on nonstatus-related dimensions and analyze whether status perceptions differ between female and male social media communicators. Finally, the authors analyze how personal characteristics (self-esteem, self-actualization and materialism) influence the status perceptions of others on social media. Findings The results show that luxury goods are still the most important means of displaying status. However, especially for women, luxury experiences are also associated with a high level of social status. Thus, the results imply important gender differences in the perceptions of status- and nonstatus-related dimensions. Furthermore, the findings indicate that, in particular, the individual characteristics of self-actualization and materialism affect status perceptions depending on the posted content. Originality/value While the research has already considered some alternative forms of conspicuous consumption, little attention has been given to experiences as status symbols. However, with their growing importance as substitutes for luxury goods and the rise of social media, the desire to conspicuously consume experiences is increasing. The authors address this gap in the literature by focusing on the conspicuous display of luxury and nonluxury experiences on social media.

scholarly journals Stereotypical Representation of a Female Politician in the Language Consciousness of Twitter Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-132
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Tovkes
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Component Structure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Female Politicians ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Stereotypical Image ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Equal Right

The study focuses on issues related to gender stereotypes of the blog community based on bloggers’ individual reactions and their impact on the perception of female politicians. The sample comprises tweets of the Russian- and English-speaking segments of this microblog, selected by keywords (based on the researcher’s view on the component structure of the thematic group «women in politics» and the representativeness of the sample) and collected with the help of the Python programming language. The classification of female politicians’ characteristics significant for users is made on the basis of feminine-masculine and psychophysiological criteria (according to E. G. Bakhteeva’s classification). The distribution of characteristics attributed to a female politician allows the researcher to determine which characteristics help women to fulfil their potential in politics or, on the contrary, hinder a successful political career. The results are interpreted in two aspects. On the one hand, from the point of view of the quantitative representation (percentage of characteristic groups), the field structure of the gender stereotype is compiled. On the other hand, in terms of qualitative indicator (content of characteristic’s groups, connotative components), the correlation of characteristics is identified and their visualization is performed with the help of Gephi software. As a result, the study builds models of a female-politician’s stereotypical image in the Russian- and English-speaking segments of Twitter and carries out their their comparative analysis. According to the first type of model, personal characteristics that may be inherent in both men and women are important for Russian- and English-speaking Twitter users, while typical masculine characteristics are the least relevant. For Russian-speaking users, high moral qualities are particularly relevant, while English-speaking bloggers appreciate high professional qualities. The graphs demonstrate that the language consciousness of the blog community tends to masculinize the stereotypical image of a female politician. Thus, a contradiction arises: bloggers explicitly acclaim the equal right for both men and women to fulfill their potential in politics, they recognize and accept the fact that women can be successful in the highest political positions and establishments and approve of the activity of particular women politicians. At the same time, traditional gender stereotypes, claiming that politics is a male sphere, implicitly retain their influence.

A Spatial Analysis of Male and Female Unemployment in the USA

2015 ◽  
pp. 1797-1809
Author(s):  
Edmund J. Zolnik
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The U.S

An analysis of male and female unemployment in the U.S. explores how gender affects spatial variation in unemployment. The effects of spatially-unlagged and spatially-lagged unemployment rates on the likelihood that individual men and women are unemployed are also explored. Using a recent tabulation of microdata from the American Community Survey, multilevel models of male and female unemployment are fit. Results indicate that age and occupation at the individual-level and a right-to-work dummy at the PUMA-level are the variables that best distinguish unemployed men and women. Results also indicate that unemployment for men is more clustered in space than unemployment for women. Finally, results indicate that the vast majority of the variation in unemployment for individuals in the U.S. is attributable to the personal characteristics of unemployed men and women, not the locational characteristics of high-unemployment places. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the latter result.

Acmeological factors of the professional formation of the employee of the in-ternal affairs

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
M.Kh. Mashekuasheva ◽  
◽  
L.A. Gelyakhova
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Modern System ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Self Formation

Analyzed are personal characteristics of the formation and achievement of a high level of professional competence of employees of internal affairs bodies. The authors note that the modern system of vocational education determines the formation of the development of an employee of the internal affairs bodies as a subject of culture, a subject of activity and takes into account self-formation, that is, the construction and implementation of one's own program for the formation of professionalism. A thorough study of the issues of the individual moral and psychological qualities of police officers with the involvement of related sciences will make it possible to turn the management of psychological and pedagogical support of professional development into a high-tech and effective process aimed ultimately at the high-quality performance of tasks in extreme conditions and, in general, at increasing the level of service and combat preparedness and readiness.

scholarly journals “Brave men” and “emotional women”: A literature review on gendered norms towards patients with pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Samulowitz ◽  
I Gremyr ◽  
E Eriksson ◽  
G Hensing
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Search Term ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Societal Norms

Abstract Background More women than men report chronic pain but despite the large body of research on sex differences there is a lack of knowledge on the influence of social and cultural gender. As gender norms can lead to gender bias in health care it is important to raise awareness about them. The purpose of this study was to illustrate gendered norms about men and women with chronic pain in scientific journals, and to analyze how societal norms are reproduced in health care. Methods A literature search of the databases PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed was conducted, January 2000 to April 2015, with the search term chronic pain combined with femininity, masculinity, gender bias, gender stereotypes and gender roles. A total of 77 articles met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed qualitatively. The integrative approach enabled a review of articles from both social and medical sciences, and to include qualitative and quantitative research. The material was sorted into theoretical categories and further coded into substantive categories. Results The included articles showed a variety of gendered norms about men’s and women’s experience and expression of pain, their identity, lifestyle and coping style. Women were described as emotional and hysterical, constantly dealing with mistrust from health care. Men were pictured as brave, stoic and struggling with their sense of masculinity. Prevailing societal norms are consolidated in health care, positioning the masculine man as the ideal patient. Conclusions Gender stereotypes are reproduced in healthcare, which can lead to gender bias in the treatment of patients with pain. The findings were used to develop a tool, “the pain cube”, aimed to improve health care providers’ consciousness about gendered norms. Key messages Men and women with chronic pain are depicted in a stereotypical way in scientific articles. Increased awareness about gendered norms can support health care professionals in providing equitable care.

A Spatial Analysis of Male and Female Unemployment in the USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Edmund J. Zolnik
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The U.S

An analysis of male and female unemployment in the U.S. explores how gender affects spatial variation in unemployment. The effects of spatially-unlagged and spatially-lagged unemployment rates on the likelihood that individual men and women are unemployed are also explored. Using a recent tabulation of microdata from the American Community Survey, multilevel models of male and female unemployment are fit. Results indicate that age and occupation at the individual-level and a right-to-work dummy at the PUMA-level are the variables that best distinguish unemployed men and women. Results also indicate that unemployment for men is more clustered in space than unemployment for women. Finally, results indicate that the vast majority of the variation in unemployment for individuals in the U.S. is attributable to the personal characteristics of unemployed men and women, not the locational characteristics of high-unemployment places. The paper concludes with a discussion of the policy implications of the latter result.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS OF PERSONAL CHANGES IN PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
V. Shevchuk
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Raising Children ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personal Changes

The article is devoted to the description of scientific research and theoretical generalization of modern ideas about the influence of psychological factors on personal changes in parents raising children with disabilities. The study outlines the urgency of this problem, as the number of such families is constantly growing and the fact of birth of a child with mental and physical disabilities can become a trauma for parents, which manifests itself in the form of despair, anger, irritability and more. The study of the personal characteristics of parents raising children with disabilities is important for the development of effective methods and programs of psychological support for such families. Common features of parents of children with disabilities are sensitivity, hypersocialization and protective behavior, they are characterized by feelings of isolation, depression, weakness and the need for compassion of others, and the main psychological reactions to a child with developmental disabilities are shock, denial, aggression, depression and acceptance. Parents with high levels of subjective stress have fewer adaptive resources to their child's special needs. In general, parents of children with disabilities are divided into neurotic, authoritarian and psychosomatic types (according to V. Tkachova) and schizophrenic, epileptoid, steroid and cycloid psychotypes (according to I. Ryzhenko). The concept of experiencing heavy loss is highlighted by E. Kubler-Ross, OV Gnezdylov, K. Lucas and the constitutional-continuum concept of IV Boev and OO Akhverdov. In general, personality-typological constitutional variability determines the transformation of personality in the ranges of psychological norm-accentuation-borderline abnormal personality (MAO) – pathological mental constitution (psychopathy). The severity of variational personal variability, which is defined constitutionally, is responsible for the adaptability, tolerance and compensatory capabilities of the individual to pathogenic stresses, ie the result of the refraction of external factors through the internal (constitutional) content. Determining the level of constitutional determinism of personality-typological manifestations in parents contributes to a more accurate prediction of their reaction in extreme conditions.

scholarly journals A Bi-Objective Home Health Care Routing and Scheduling Model with Considering Nurse Downgrading Costs

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Pouria Khodabandeh ◽  
Vahid Kayvanfar ◽  
Majid Rafiee ◽  
Frank Werner
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Home Health Care ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Home Health ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Routing Problem ◽  
Routing And Scheduling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

In recent years, the management of health systems is a main concern of governments and decision-makers. Home health care is one of the newest methods of providing services to patients in developed societies that can respond to the individual lifestyle of the modern age and the increase of life expectancy. The home health care routing and scheduling problem is a generalized version of the vehicle routing problem, which is extended to a complex problem by adding special features and constraints of health care problems. In this problem, there are multiple stakeholders, such as nurses, for which an increase in their satisfaction level is very important. In this study, a mathematical model is developed to expand traditional home health care routing and scheduling models to downgrading cost aspects by adding the objective of minimizing the difference between the actual and potential skills of the nurses. Downgrading can lead to nurse dissatisfaction. In addition, skillful nurses have higher salaries, and high-level services increase equipment costs and need more expensive training and nursing certificates. Therefore, downgrading can enforce huge hidden costs to the managers of a company. To solve the bi-objective model, an ε-constraint-based approach is suggested, and the model applicability and its ability to solve the problem in various sizes are discussed. A sensitivity analysis on the Epsilon parameter is conducted to analyze the effect of this parameter on the problem. Finally, some managerial insights are presented to help the managers in this field, and some directions for future studies are mentioned as well.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MODERN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FORMATION OF STUDENTS' BUSINESS QUALITIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
V. MALYVANCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Case Method ◽  
Project Method ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

  The role of modern educational technologies in formation of students' business qualities is explained in the article; the essence and basic requirements for the application of the project method and the case method in education are explained; pedagogical conditions for successful formation of students' business qualities in higher education institutions are formulated; the conclusions about the pedagogical effectiveness of the use of modern educational technologies have been made. Analytical work proved that the formation of students' business qualities is an important task for high school teachers. The content of modern educational technologies is determined.  The means and possibilities of the project method and the case method are analyzed, it is found that the use of these methods stimulates and promotes the formation and development of students' business qualities. It is noted that these methods are characterized by a significant pedagogical effect, as they develop such personal characteristics as the ability to analyze problems, the ability to formulate and express their position clearly, communicate, discuss, perceive and evaluate information. They form self-confidence, communication skills, creativity and many other traits of personality. The survey found that the most important business qualities of the respondents consider themselves: self-confidence, responsibility, creativity, persistence, sociability. The level of business qualities of students of higher education institutions is determined: 30% of students have high level of business qualities, 35% - average, and 35% - low. This means that 70% of the student population needs the formation and correction of personal business qualities. The following pedagogical conditions of formation of business qualities of students by means of modern educational technologies are defined and theoretically substantiated: - implementation of a set of traditional and innovative forms and methods of training focused on the formation of business qualities of the individual; - creation of positive motivation of students for formation of business qualities, need for self-improvement; - introduction of the system of knowledge about modern educational technologies as a means of formation of business qualities of the individual.

scholarly journals Phenomenon of Boundary in Determination of Innovative Potential of Personality

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Terekhova
Keyword(s):  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Value Orientations ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Personal Qualities ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Innovative Potential ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

On the basis of theoretical analysis of the scientific psychological literature, the article defines the phenomenon of the boundary in determining the innovative potential of the personality, The author identifies that the qualitative originality of the boundary phenomenon demonstration in determining a high level of the innovative potential of the personality is associated with such individual psychological characteristics as value orientations, creativity, temporary competence, desire for self-actualization, need for cognition, spontaneity. The single direct link to synergy is made at the low level of IPP. The «boundary» allocation at the high and low levels of IPP allows to differentiate the groups of relationships of the certain personal qualities and indicators of the personal innovative potential. By characterizing the existence of the close statistically significant links between the individual and personal characteristics of respondents with an integral indicator of the innovative potential of the personality, it is made possible to compile a psychological portrait of the innovator. The art of defining the «boundary» becomes actual by establishing the interrelationships of these individual psychological characteristics with the features of the manifestation of the innovative potential of the personality.

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