scholarly journals L-asparaginase: New about Well-Known Drug

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Yuliya S. Korkina ◽  
Timur T. Valiev
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Lymphoid Leukemia ◽  
E Coli ◽  
History Of ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Management Changes

The history of asparaginase clinical use is inextricably linked to the improvement of treatment programs for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Asparaginase, obtained from E. coli, has become the crucial part in the protocols for the treatment of ALL in children and adults since the 1960s-1970s due to its antitumor effect on lymphoid leukemia cells. Despite the evolution of therapeutic approaches in ALL management, changes in used chemotherapeutic agents, their administration regimens and doses, the asparaginase remains one of the leading therapeutic agents in ALL patients. With time ideas about the asparaginase mechanisms have expanded, new data have been accumulated on adverse effects (allergic reactions, thrombotic complications, pancreatitis, hepatic dysfunction, etc.). The asparaginase obtained from Erwinia chrysanthemi and PEGylated forms of the drug were used to reduce the frequency of any of such adverse effects. This literature review provides current concepts on the mechanism of L-asparaginase dosage forms action, describes side effects associated with the use of this medication. We also present our own clinical case of L-asparaginase (obtained from Erwinia chrysanthemi) administration in ALL patient with allergic reaction to PEG-L-asparaginase.

L-Asparaginase (L-ASP) Related Toxicities with Asparaginase Erwinia Chrysanthemi in a Large Compassionate Use Protocol.

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 2568-2568
Author(s):  
Paul V. Plourde ◽  
Sima Jeha ◽  
Nobuko Hijiya ◽  
Frank G Keller ◽  
Susan R. Rheingold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Erwinia Chrysanthemi ◽  
Hypersensitivity Reactions ◽  
Compassionate Use ◽  
E Coli ◽  
History Of ◽  
Multi Agent

Abstract Abstract 2568 Background: L-asparaginase (L-ASP) is an important component of multi-agent chemotherapy for treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in children and young adults. The pegylated E. coli derived form, Oncaspar® (PEG-ASP), is most commonly used because of its longer half-life and lower immunogenicity compared to the native enzyme; however, clinical hypersensitivity reactions still occurs in 10–30% of patients (pts) requiring its discontinuation. Asparaginase Erwinia Chrysanthemi (Erwinaze™) is an L-ASP derived from a different bacterium and is immunologically distinct from the E. coli L-ASP. We conducted a compassionate use trial of Erwinaze in pts with ALL and hypersensitivity to native E. coli or PEG-ASP to collect safety information. Patients and Methods: Pts of any age with ALL or lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) who developed a Grade ≥2 clinical hypersensitivity reaction to PEG-ASP or native E. coli ASP (Elspar®) were eligible. Pts with a history of pancreatitis, previous allergic reaction to Erwinaze, or pregnant, were excluded. The study was IRB approved at each institution and pts/family provided informed consent/assent. Safety information on Erwinaze-related adverse events (AEs) were captured on Case Report Forms (CRFs) submitted to the Sponsor when the pt completed his/her entire Erwinaze treatment plan. AEs may have also been reported directly by the investigational sites. Results: Between February 2006 and November 2011, 1,368 pts were treated with Erwinaze. CRFs were received in 893 pts and 47 additional AEs were received from patients for which a CRF was not obtained. The average age was 9.6 years (range 1–66). The majority of patients (63.5%) were male. Of the pts for which CRFs were received (893); 77.6% were able to conclude their Erwinaze treatment. Discontinuation was due to allergic reaction in 8.8%; other AEs 4.7%; at the physician or patient discretion 7.5%; and missing information in 1.3%. Anaphylaxis was reported in 8 pts (0.9%) and Grade ≥2 clinical hypersensitivity reactions in 130 (13.8%). The incidence of pancreatitis was 3.9%, hemorrhagic or thrombosis abnormalities 2.4%, hyperglycemia 3.6% and elevation in liver enzymes 3.5%. There were 18 deaths on study; 11 disease progression, 3 intracranial hemorrhage, 4 other individual reports. Conclusion: This is the largest study of pts treated with Erwinaze to determine the toxicity profile. Erwinaze was well tolerated with no unexpected toxicities identified beyond those associated with L-Asp treatment. This compassionate use trial permitted the continuation and completion of asparaginase treatment in 77.6% of pts with hypersensitivity reactions to E. coli formulations. Final results will be available for presentation. Disclosures: Plourde: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Employment, Equity Ownership. Mercedes:Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Corn:EUSA Pharma: Employment.

A note on John Hawkins (1761–1841) and the Hawkins archive

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-268
Author(s):  
R. J. CLEEVELY
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Reference Lists ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

A note dealing with the history of the Hawkins Papers, including the material relating to John Hawkins (1761–1841) presented to the West Sussex Record Office in the 1960s, recently transferred to the Cornwall County Record Office, Truro, in order to be consolidated with the major part of the Hawkins archive held there. Reference lists to the correspondence of Sibthorp-Hawkins, Hawkins-Sibthorp, and Hawkins to his mother mentioned in The Flora Graeca story (Lack, 1999) are provided.

A history of botanical collections in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-291
Author(s):  
P.S.M. PHIRI ◽  
D.M. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Made In

Central Africa remained botanically unknown to the outside world up to the end of the eighteenth century. This paper provides a historical account of plant explorations in the Luangwa Valley. The first plant specimens were collected in 1897 and the last serious botanical explorations were made in 1993. During this period there have been 58 plant collectors in the Luangwa Valley with peak activity recorded in the 1960s. In 1989 1,348 species of vascular plants were described in the Luangwa Valley. More botanical collecting is needed with a view to finding new plant taxa, and also to provide a satisfactory basis for applied disciplines such as ecology, phytogeography, conservation and environmental impact assessment.

Islands of Stability: Engaging Emergence from Cellular Automata to the Occupy Movement

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Collective Decision ◽  
Collective Decision Making ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S

"Instead of considering »being with« in terms of non-problematic, machine-like places, where reliable entities assemble in stable relationships, STS conjures up a world where the achievement of chancy stabilisations and synchronisations is local.We have to analyse how and where a certain regularity and predictability in the intersection of scientists and their instruments, say, or of human individuals and groups, is produced.The paper reviews models of emergence drawn from the history of cybernetics—the canonical »black box,« homeostats, and cellular automata—to enrich our imagination of the stabilisation process, and discusses the concept of »variety« as a way of clarifying its difficulty, with the antiuniversities of the 1960s and the Occupy movement as examples. Failures of »being with« are expectable. In conclusion, the paper reviews approaches to collective decision-making that reduce variety without imposing a neoliberal hierarchy. "

State-run celebration of Liberation Day in Czechoslovakia (based on audiovisual sources)

2019 ◽  
pp. 251-268
Author(s):  
Timur Gimadeev
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Military

The article deals with the history of celebrating the Liberation Day in Czechoslovakia organised by the state. Various aspects of the history of the holiday have been considered with the extensive use of audiovisual documents (materials from Czechoslovak newsreels and TV archives), which allowed for a detailed analysis of the propaganda representation of the holiday. As a result, it has been possible to identify the main stages of the historical evolution of the celebrations of Liberation Day, to discover the close interdependence between these stages and the country’s political development. The establishment of the holiday itself — its concept and the military parade as the main ritual — took place in the first post-war years, simultaneously with the consolidation of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia. Later, until the end of the 1960s, the celebrations gradually evolved along the political regime, acquiring new ritual forms (ceremonial meetings, and “guards of memory”). In 1968, at the same time as there was an attempt to rethink the entire socialist regime and the historical experience connected with it, an attempt was made to reconstruct Liberation Day. However, political “normalisation” led to the normalisation of the celebration itself, which played an important role in legitimising the Soviet presence in the country. At this stage, the role of ceremonial meetings and “guards of memory” increased, while inventions released in time for 9 May appeared and “May TV” was specially produced. The fall of the Communist regime in 1989 led to the fall of the concept of Liberation Day on 9 May, resulting in changes of the title, date and paradigm of the holiday, which became Victory Day and has been since celebrated on 8 May.

Frontiers of Visibility

Transfers ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Torma
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Machine Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Popular Images ◽  
Cinematic Technology

This article deals with the history of underwater film and the role that increased mobility plays in the exploration of nature. Drawing on research on the exploration of the ocean, it analyzes the production of popular images of the sea. The entry of humans into the depths of the oceans in the twentieth century did not revitalize myths of mermaids but rather retold oceanic myths in a modern fashion. Three stages stand out in this evolution of diving mobility. In the 1920s and 1930s, scenes of divers walking under water were the dominant motif. From the 1940s to the 1960s, use of autonomous diving equipment led to a modern incarnation of the “mermen“ myth. From the 1950s to the 1970s, cinematic technology was able to create visions of entire oceanic ecosystems. Underwater films contributed to the period of machine-age exploration in a very particular way: they made virtual voyages of the ocean possible and thus helped to shape the current understanding of the oceans as part of Planet Earth.

MINING THE ARCHIVES: A POTTERY SEQUENCE FOR BORNO, NIGERIA

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Connah ◽  
S.G.H. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Large Body ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Frankfurt Am Main ◽  
Archaeological Pottery ◽  
New Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Johann Wolfgang Goethe

New archaeological research in Borno by the Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany, has included the analysis of pottery excavated from several sites during the 1990s. This important investigation made us search through our old files for a statistical analysis of pottery from the same region, which although completed in 1981 was never published. The material came from approximately one hundred surface collections and seven excavated sites, spread over a wide area, and resulted from fieldwork in the 1960s and 1970s. Although old, the analysis remains relevant because it provides a broad geographical context for the more recent work, as well as a large body of independent data with which the new findings can be compared. It also indicates variations in both time and space that have implications for the human history of the area, hinting at the ongoing potential of broadscale pottery analysis in this part of West Africa and having wider implications of relevance to the study of archaeological pottery elsewhere.

Отцейхгаузадомузеяизисториивоенно-историческогомузеяартиллерии,инженерныхвойскивойсксвязи

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-197
Author(s):  
V.E. . Sergei
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Military History ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
General Field ◽  
Signal Corps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Military Engineering ◽  
The Military

The article is dedicated to the history of the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering and Signal Corps. The author examines the main stages of the museums formation, starting with the foundation of the Arsenal, established in St. Petersburg at the orders of Peter the Great on August 29th 1703 for the safekeeping and preservation of memory, for eternal glory of unique arms and military trophies. In 1756, on the base of the Arsenals collection, the General Inspector of Artillery Count P.I. created the Memorial Hall, set up at the Arsenal, on St. Petersburgs Liteyny Avenue. By the end of the 18th century the collection included over 6,000 exhibits. In 1868 the Memorial Hall was transferred to the New Arsenal, at the Crownwork of the Petropavlovsky Fortress, and renamed the Artillery Museum (since 1903 the Artillery Historical Museum). A large part of the credit for the development and popularization of the collection must be given to the historian N.E. Brandenburg, the man rightly considered the founder of Russias military museums, who was the chief curator from 1872 to 1903. During the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars a significant part of the museums holdings were evacuated to Yaroslavl and Novosibirsk. Thanks to the undying devotion of the museums staff, it not only survived, but increased its collection. In the 1960s over 100,000 exhibits were transferred from the holdings of the Central Historical Museum of Military Engineering and the Military Signal Corps Museum. In 1991 the collection also received the entire Museum of General Field Marshal M.I. Kutuzov, transferred from the Polish town of Bolesawjec. The Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineering and Signal Coprs is now one of the largest museums of military history in the world. It holds an invaluable collection of artillery and ammunition, of firearms and cold steel arms, military engineering and signal technology, military banners, uniforms, a rich collection of paintings and graphic works, orders and medals, as well as extensive archives, all dedicated to the history of Russian artillery and the feats of our nations defenders.Статья посвящена истории создания ВоенноИсторического музея артиллерии, инженерных войск и войск связи. Автор рассматривает основные этапы становления музея, начиная с основания Арсенала, созданного в СанктПетербурге по приказу Петра I 29 августа 1703 года для хранения и сохранения памяти, во имя вечной славы уникального оружия и военных трофеев. В 1756 году на базе коллекции Арсенала генеральный инспектор артиллерии граф П. И. создал мемориальный зал, установленный при Арсенале, на Литейном проспекте СанктПетербурга. К концу 18 века коллекция насчитывала более 6000 экспонатов. В 1868 году Мемориальный зал был перенесен в Новый Арсенал, на венец Петропавловской крепости, и переименован в Артиллерийский музей (с 1903 года Артиллерийский Исторический музей). Большая заслуга в развитии и популяризации коллекции принадлежит историку Н.Е. Бранденбургу, человеку, по праву считавшемуся основателем российских военных музеев, который был главным хранителем с 1872 по 1903 год. В годы Гражданской и Великой Отечественной войн значительная часть фондов музея была эвакуирована в Ярославль и Новосибирск. Благодаря неусыпной преданности сотрудников музея, он не только сохранился, но и пополнил свою коллекцию. В 1960х годах более 100 000 экспонатов были переданы из фондов Центрального исторического военноинженерного музея и Музея войск связи. В 1991 году коллекцию также получил весь музей генералфельдмаршала М. И. Кутузова, переданный из польского города Болеславец. Военноисторический музей артиллерии, инженерных войск и войск связи в настоящее время является одним из крупнейших музеев военной истории в мире. Здесь хранится бесценная коллекция артиллерии и боеприпасов, огнестрельного и холодного оружия, военной техники и сигнальной техники, военных знамен, обмундирования, богатая коллекция живописных и графических работ, орденов и медалей, а также обширные архивы, посвященные истории русской артиллерии и подвигам защитников нашего народа.

Cytoprotective Agents to Avoid Chemotherapy Induced Sideeffects on Normal Cells: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 765-781
Author(s):  
Seema Rohilla ◽  
Harish Dureja ◽  
Vinay Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Delay In Treatment

Anticancer agents play a vital role in the cure of patients suffering from malignancy. Though, the chemotherapeutic agents are associated with various adverse effects which produce significant toxic symptoms in the patients. But this therapy affects both the malignant and normal cells and leads to constricted therapeutic index of antimalignant drugs which adversely impacts the quality of patients’ life. Due to these adversities, sufficient dose of drug is not delivered to patients leading to delay in treatment or improper treatment. Chemoprotective agents have been developed either to minimize or to mitigate the toxicity allied with chemotherapeutic agents. Without any concession in the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs, they provide organ specific guard to normal tissues.

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