Effect of Panchagavya foliar spray on the plant metabolism and grain yield of Tenai under rainfed condition

The crop growth and development are constantly influenced by environmental conditions such as stresses which are the most important yield reducing factors in the world. Millets cultivation is the most important agricultural operation in the country, not only in terms of food security, but also in creating better livelihoods, opportunities for rural population. Water stress and other abiotic stresses can dramatically limit and reduce the plant growth and productivity. In the frame of physiological window, mild drought induces regulation of water loss and uptake in plants allowing maintenance of their leaf relative water content within the limits where the photosynthetic capacity shows no or little changes. But severe drought induces unfavourable changes in plants, leading to inhibition of photosynthesis and growth. The use of bioregulators is the quickest and surest way of boosting crop production under rainfed condition. Panchagavya is an organic product blended from five different cow products, commonly applied to crop plants in organic farming. It is used as foliar spray, soil application and seed treatment. It can act as growth promoter and immunity booster. The organic Panchagavya foliar spray significantly influenced various physiological and biochemical parameters. A field experiment was conducted at Centre of Excellence in Millets, Athiyandal, Tiruvannamalai, during Kharif, 2017 to study the effect of Panchagavya foliar spray for enhancing the productivity of tenai under rainfed situation. In a water shortage conditions, application of enriched FYM +Recommended dose of fertilizer + 3%Panchagavya foliar spray improves plant height, no. of tillers per plant, total dry matter partitioning, SPAD chlorophyll content and highest grain yield (1739.0 kg ha-1) of tenai under rainfed condition.

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Phenology, leaf gas exchange, growth, and seed yield in contrasting Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata populations during prolonged water deficit and recovery

Botany ◽

10.1139/b11-093 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 (2) ◽

pp. 79-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nasreddine Yousfi ◽

Ines Slama ◽

Chedly Abdelly

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Medicago Truncatula ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Seed Mass ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of prolonged water stress and recovery on phenology, growth, and seed yield in Tunisian contrasting populations of Medicago truncatula and Medicago laciniata . After ample irrigation for 24 days, the plants of each population were divided into two lots: the first lot was irrigated at 100% field capacity (FC), and the second at only 45% FC. After 24 days of treatment, one lot of dehydrated plants was rewatered at 100% FC, while the other was maintained at 45% FC. Interspecific and intraspecific differences were found in phenological responses to water deficit. All growth parameters were more reduced in M. truncatula populations than in M. laciniata populations. The water shortage tolerance of M. laciniata populations was associated with a lower metabolic impairment of photosynthesis and maintenance of relatively higher leaf relative water content. Seed yield was also more reduced in M. truncatula populations compared with M. laciniata populations. In M. laciniata, seed mass was a compensation mechanism to sustain seed yield under drought conditions. Seed yield variation between populations under water deficit was explained mainly by variation in seed number per plant.

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Corrigendum - Studies on presowing drought hardening of wheat

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9690013c ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

DR Woodruff

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Arid Zone ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Phenological Stage ◽

Transient Effect ◽

Hardening Treatment ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content ◽

Drought Hardening

The effects of presowing drought hardening of wheat on subsequent leaf relative water content (RWC) and grain yield were assessed under a number of environmental conditions. In general, the treatment reduced the rate at which critical levels of RWC developed during periods of moisture stress, but not necessarily the final value to which the RWC fell. No differences were found in any of the measured parameters during periods when there were no internal water deficits. Grain yield increases due to the hardening treatment varied "from 0 to 20%" in the different experiments. This variation is explained in terms of both the phenological stage at which RWC differences occurred and the transient effect of the RWC differences. The results are also discussed in relation to both the cause of the observed RWC differences and the potential practical role of the technique in arid zone agriculture.

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DIVERSE STRATEGIES OF RHODODENDRON (Rhododendron sp.) GENOTYPES IN THE WATER SHORTAGE MANAGEMENT

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus ◽

10.24326/asphc.2020.3.14 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 159-165

Author(s):

Peter Ferus ◽

Dominika Bošiaková ◽

Jana Konôpková ◽

Peter Hoťka

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Drought Resistance ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Proline Accumulation ◽

The Other ◽

Summer Drought ◽

Free Proline ◽

Resistance Strategies ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content

Rhododendrons in numerous gardens in Central Europe are frequently endangered by adverse summer drought periods associated with the climate change. Therefore, in this work drought-resistance strategies in recent genotypes of these highly aesthetic shrubs were investigated. Dehydrated Rhododendron groenlandicum ‘Helma’, R. obtusum ‘Michiko’ and R. hybridum ‘Polarnacht’ showed high initial stomatal conductances (gS), after few days steeply falling to the stable minimum at ca. 20, 85 and 70% leaf relative water content (RWC), respectively. Except of ‘Polarnacht’, they had relatively large specific leaf area and ‘Michiko’ also free proline accumulation. On the other hand, R. repens ‘Scarlet Wonder’ and R. hybridum ‘Red Jack’ started with half gS values, continuously declining 1.5–2 fold longer compared to the first group of genotypes (RWC of ca. 60 and 75%, respectively). Both produced relatively thick leaves but did not show any osmotic adjustment. Among observed drought-resistance strategies, lower and longer period active transpiration with stomata sensitive to the water loss, as found in R. repens ‘Scarlet Wonder’ and R. × hybridum ‘Red Jack’, were accepted as the most effective for drought-affected rhododendron plantations.

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Bio-Green Foliar Spray Enhances Rice Growth and Productivity in Cambodia

AGRITROPICA Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.31186/j.agritropica.4.1.1-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Tak Tha ◽

Ply Preap ◽

Seyha Sorl ◽

Pao Srean ◽

Visalsok Touch

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Ammonium Phosphate ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Growing Period

The use of bioproducts as biostimulants to stimulate plant growth and to increase yields as an alternative to chemical fertilizers are currently being promoted for cost-effective, sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural practices of crop production systems. The objective of the study was to determine plant growth and productivity of rice responded to Bio Green application. A short growing period (90 – 95 days) OM-5451 rice variety was used in this study. The rice plants were cultivated in the randomized-completed block with two treatments and six replications in the plot of 2 m * 2 m. Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer was applied once at a rate of 100 kg/ha. For treatment, Bio-green with a solution of 1% (v/v) was weekly applied as foliage spray; and without Bio-Green as control. The results showed the grain yield was 3.7 t/ha in the treatment and 2.83 t/ha in the control, indicating that 36.4% of the grain yield was increased. The Bio-Green could be significantly used as plant biostimulants to promote plant growth and grain yield in rice in Cambodia.

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Studies on presowing drought hardening of wheat

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9690013 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

DR Woodruff

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Arid Zone ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Phenological Stage ◽

Transient Effect ◽

Hardening Treatment ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content ◽

Drought Hardening

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Responses of leaf gas exchange attributes, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes in NaCl-stressed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seedlings to exogenous glycine betaine and salicylic acid

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-020-02624-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani ◽

Guangshuai Wang ◽

Mukesh Kumar Soothar ◽

Xiaojun Shen ◽

Yang Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content

Abstract Background Application of exogenous glycine betaine (GB) and exogenous salicylic acid (SA) mitigates the adverse effects of salinity. Foliar spraying with exogenous GB or SA alleviates salt stress in plants by increasing leaf gas exchange and stimulating antioxidant enzyme activity. The effects of foliar application of exogenous GB and SA on the physiology and biochemistry of cotton seedlings subjected to salt stress remain unclear. Results Results showed that salt stress of 150 mM NaCl significantly reduced leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence and decreased photosynthetic pigment quantities and leaf relative water content. Foliar spray concentrations of 5.0 mM exogenous GB and 1.0 mM exogenous SA promoted gas exchange and fluorescence in cotton seedlings, increased quantities of chlorophyll pigments, and stimulated the antioxidant enzyme activity. The foliar spray also increased leaf relative water content and endogenous GB and SA content in comparison with the salt-stressed only control. Despite the salt-induced increase in antioxidant enzyme content, exogenous GB and SA in experimental concentrations significantly increased the activity of glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, and decreased malondialdehyde content under salt stress. Across all experimental foliar spray GB and SA concentrations, the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (FV/FM) reached a peak at a concentration of 5.0 mM GB. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and FV/FM were positively correlated with chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content in response to foliar spraying of exogenous GB and SA under salt stress. Conclusions We concluded, from our results, that concentrations of 5.0 mM GB or 1.0 mM SA are optimal choices for mitigating NaCl-induced damage in cotton seedlings because they promote leaf photosynthesis, increase quantities of photosynthetic pigments, and stimulate antioxidant enzyme activity. Among, 5.0 mM GB and 1.0 mM SA, the best performance in enhancing endogenous GB and SA concentrations was obtained with the foliar application of 1.0 mM SA under salt stress.

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The MYB33, MYB65, and MYB101 transcription factors affect Arabidopsis and potato responses to drought by regulating the ABA signaling pathway

10.1101/2021.04.07.438025 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Wyrzykowska ◽

Dawid Bielewicz ◽

Patrycja Plewka ◽

Dorota Sołtys-Kalina ◽

Iwona Wasilewicz-Flis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Transgenic Plants ◽

Crop Production ◽

Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽

Water Shortage ◽

Plant Response ◽

High Tolerance ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Relative Water ◽

Response To Water

AbstractAimsDrought is a climate threat limiting crop production. Potato is one of the four most important food crops worldwide and is sensitive to water shortage. The CBP80 gene was shown to affect plant response to drought by regulating the level of microRNA159, and, consequently, the levels of the MYB33 and MYB101 transcription factors. (TF) Our studies aimed to show whether indeed the level of MYB33, MYB65, and MYB101 TFs affects plant response to water shortage.MethodsArabidopsis transgenic plants exhibiting downregulation and Arabidopsis and potato transgenic plants exhibiting overexpression of selected MYB TFs were obtained. Plants response to drought was mainly measured using relative water content (RWC) and stomata closure upon exogenous ABA.ResultsThree MYB TFs studied are involved in plant response to drought. When downregulated in Arabidopsis, the MYB33, MYB65 and MYB101 genes cause stomatal hyposensitivity to ABA, leading to reduced tolerance to drought. Transgenic Arabidopsis and potato plants overexpressing a mutated version of these genes with changed miR159 recognition site, show hypersensitivity to ABA and relatively high tolerance to drought conditions.ConclusionsThe MYB33, MYB65, and MYB101 genes are good be potential targets for innovative breeding to obtain crops with relatively high tolerance to drought.

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Exogenous ABA Induces Osmotic Adjustment, Improves Leaf Water Relations and Water Use Efficiency, But Not Yield in Soybean under Water Stress

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9070395 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 395 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jin He ◽

Yi Jin ◽

Jairo A. Palta ◽

Hong-Yan Liu ◽

Zhu Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Water Use ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Soil Drying ◽

Leaf Water Relations ◽

Exogenous Aba ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Leaf Photosynthetic Rate

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a central role in the plant response to water deficit by inducing stomatal closure to conserve water when the soil dries. Exogenous ABA was applied at 45 days after sowing (DAS) as a soil drench, the physiological and seed yield response of soybean to exogenous ABA were examined as the soil was drying. Three experiments were conducted using the drought-tolerant soybean cultivar Jindou 19, grown in pots at the Yuzhong Experimental Station of Lanzhou University, China. In experiment 1, plants were exposed to progressive soil drying and leaf ABA concentration, leaf photosynthesis rate, leaf relative water content (RWC) and osmotic adjustment (OA) were measured. In experiment 2, plants were under progressive soil drying and lethal leaf water potential was measured. In experiment 3, flower production and abortion, and grain yield were measured in plants under well-watered (WW), moderate (MWD) and severe water deficits (SWD). Exogenous ABA application increased ABA accumulation in leaves and reduced the rate of soil drying. It also increased leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at 7–10 days after withholding water. The intrinsic and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE) was consistently higher with exogenous ABA than without ABA as the soil dried. Exogenous ABA increased OA when the leaf relative water content (RWC) decreased at eight days after withholding water, lowering the lethal leaf water potential by 0.4 MPa. Exogenous ABA reduced water use, increased WUE for grain yield under WW and MWD, and had no effect on flower number, flower abortion or grain yield in any water treatment. We concluded that (1) exogenous ABA induced OA, improved leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf water relations and desiccant tolerance, but did not benefit grain yield in soybean under water deficits; (2) exogenous ABA improved the WUE at the leaf level as soil drying and WUE for grain yield under moderate water deficit.

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Salinity Effects on Morpho-Physiological and Yield Traits of Soybean (Glycine max L.) as Mediated by Foliar Spray with Brassinolide

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 541

Author(s):

Victoria Otie ◽

Idorenyin Udo ◽

Yang Shao ◽

Michael O. Itam ◽

Hideki Okamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Crop Production ◽

Frequency Control ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Nutrient Partitioning ◽

Relative Water ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Application Frequency ◽

Four Levels

Salinity episodes that are common in arid regions, characterized by dryland, are adversely affecting crop production worldwide. This study evaluated the effectiveness of brassinolide (BL) in ameliorating salinity stress imposed on soybean at four levels (control (1.10), 32.40, 60.60 and 86.30 mM/L NaCl) in factorial combination with six BL application frequency (control (BL0), application at seedling (BL1), flowering (BL2), podding (BL3), seedling + flowering (BL4) and seedling + flowering + podding (BL5)) stages. Plant growth attributes, seed yield, and N, P, K, Ca and Mg partitioning to leaves, stems and roots, as well as protein and seed-N concentrations, were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced by salinity stress. These trends were ascribed to considerable impairments in the photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetically active radiation, leaf stomatal conductance and relative water content in the leaves of seedlings under stress. The activity of peroxidase and superoxidase significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased with salinity. Foliar spray with BL significantly (p ≤ 0.05) improved the photosynthetic attributes, as well as nutrient partitioning, under stress, and alleviated ion toxicity by maintaining a favourable K+/Na+ ratio and decreasing oxidative damage. Foliar spray with brassinolide could sustain soybean growth and seed yield at salt concentrations up to 60.60 mM/L NaCl.

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Evaluation of Fourteen Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes by Observing Gas Exchange Parameters, Relative Water and Chlorophyll Content, and Yield Attributes under Drought Stress

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13094799 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 4799

Author(s):

Allah Wasaya ◽

Sobia Manzoor ◽

Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir ◽

Naeem Sarwar ◽

Khuram Mubeen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Gas Exchange Parameters ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

Relative Water ◽

Water Holding ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Exchange Parameters

Water scarceness is a major threat to wheat productivity under changing climate scenarios, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. However, growing drought-tolerant wheat genotypes could be a sustainable option to enhance wheat productivity under drought stress conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mild to severe drought stress on gas exchange parameters, relative water content, SPAD-chlorophyll value, and yield-related parameters of 14 wheat genotypes being cultivated in arid to semi-arid areas on large scale. The genotypes were grown in earthen pots under three drought levels, namely (1) control-well watered, (2) mild water stress, i.e., 60% water holding capacity, and (3) severe water stress, i.e., 40% water holding capacity. The drought was imposed from the jointing stage to physiological maturity. Drought significantly decreased net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, relative water contents, 100-grain weight, and grain yield in all genotypes. However, the reduction percentage was different in different genotypes under drought stress compared with well-watered conditions. The highest relative water content (65.2%) was maintained by the genotype Galaxy-2013, followed by AAS-2011 (64.6%) and Johar-2016 (62.3%) under severe drought conditions. Likewise, Galaxy-2013 showed the highest net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance under severe drought conditions. The highest grain yield per plant (6.2 g) and 100-grain weight (3.3 g) was also recorded in Galaxy-2013 under severe drought conditions, while the highest grain yield under well-watered conditions was recorded in Johar-2016, followed by Galaxy-2013. These results suggest that wheat variety Galaxy-2013 could be cultivated extensively to obtain good wheat yield under limited water conditions.

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