scholarly journals “A Town with Two Names”: A Historical Oikonym in Modern Context (The Case of the Town of Pokrovsk/Engels)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Maria V. Akhmetova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Local History ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Holiday Celebrations ◽  
The Town

The article uses the example of the town of Engels (Saratov Region) to explore the case of duplicate naming in the local usage, i.e. the use of the historical oikonym Pokrovsk (until 1931) and its derivatives along with the official name of the town or instead of it. The author showcases that in the local speech, the historical name of the town has become a living alternative used in almost every sphere except business and documentation. At the same time, there are some testimonies to the gradual demarcation of the language contexts associated with the old town name and its derivatives. Until the mid-1990s, the name Pokrovsk and the adjective pokrovskii were regarded nearly as equivalents to the corresponding official names. Currently, their use is confined to Russian Orthodox circles (due to the religious origins of the name Pokrovsk derived from Pokrov ‘the Intercession of the Theotokos’ — an Orthodox holiday). Apart from that, the derivatives with pokrovsk- component can occur in proper names, mainly of commercial (names of business entities and products) and cultural (names of holidays) types. Other usage cases refer to mass media or urban naming. Meanwhile, the demonym pokrovchane, which in the Soviet period was only limited to historical contexts, reclaimed its positions in the 1990s. Currently, it is widely used in the local press and everyday speech, being more popular than the formal variant engelsity (and even less frequent engelsites, engelstsy, engel(s)chane). The reason why pokrovchane proved more usable lies in both the inconsistency and variability of the Engels-based demonyms in the mid-20th and early 21st centuries. The author also addresses the case of “hybrid” naming with both old and new oikonyms combined: Pokrovsk-Engels (Engels-Pokrovsk) and their derivatives. The mentioned onyms are mainly used in local contexts (city’s holiday celebrations, cultural events, local history, etc.). The article was prepared under the RANEPA state assignment research program.

Library Resources for the History of Science in Newcastle Upon Tyne

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
W. A. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Electrical Engineering ◽  
Local History ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Library Resources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Town ◽  
Newcastle Upon Tyne

Science historians need two major kinds of literary resources, old books, journals, patents, plans and other documents from which to quarry their facts, and critical tools such as histories of science, bibliographies and biographies. Provision of the second category needs positive planning; the first is often itself an accident of local history. Among the factors which have shaped Newcastle upon Tyne may be numbered a Roman river crossing, a Norman castle, mediaeval walls, powerful charters granted by Tudor and Stuart monarchs, a favourable site in a coalfield, and a phenomenal succession of inventive entrepreneurs in mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, and mechanical and electrical engineering. Its scientific and cultural institutions (see Table) are of respectable maturity, and in addition the town possessed by 1815 several chapel and meeting-house libraries, a newsroom and subscription library in the Assembly Rooms together with three circulating libraries run by prominent booksellers. Present resources are concentrated in six organizations, with two more in the near future.

scholarly journals 100 years of the Mari fine arts: ethnographic realism (1920–1930)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-307
Author(s):  
Elvira M. Kolcheva
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Local History ◽  
Regional Society ◽  
Archetypal Analysis ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Town ◽  
Main Material

Introduction. The article is the first in a series of publications dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Mari autonomy and the fact of the emergence of professional visual arts among the Mari people. The author regards it as a systemic element of national-ethnic culture, which performed the function of ethno-cultural reflection by artistic means throughout the entire century, in which four major stages and corresponding stylistic forms can be traced. The article describes the initial stage of the Mari fine arts of the 1920s – 1930s. Materials and Methods. The main material was the collection of art and ethnographic works of the 1920s–1930 found in the funds of the National Museum of the Republic of Mari El. The author used various methods: historical research, art history analysis of works of art, as well as the author’s own method of structural and archetypal analysis. Results and Discussion. The first art institutions appeared in the mountainous Mari region at the turn of the 1910–1920 thanks to the artist A.V. Grigoriev, who together with his associates later founded the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia in Moscow. The systematic institutionalization of the Mari fine arts began in the second half of the 1920, which was facilitated by the activities of the Mari Regional Society of Local History and the Central Mari Museum in the town of Krasnokokshaisk. The founders of the Mari fine arts were the invited artists from Kazan, namely P. A. Radimov, G. A. Medvedev, V. K. Timofeev, M. M. Vasilyeva, the first Mari artists K. F. Egorov and E. D. Atlashkina, and P. G. Gorbuntsov. With the beginning of the “Great Terror” period, the first stage of the Mari art was interrupted, and socialist realism replaced ethnographic realism. Conclusion. The development of the fine art of the Mari at the initial stage was stimulated by the Mari Regional Society of Local History and the Central Mari Museum represented by V. A. Mukhin (Savi), V. M. Vasiliev, T. E. Evseev. Their educational interests, combined with the documentary-oriented program of the Association of Artists of Revolutionary Russia, contributed to the formation of such a stylistic form as ethnographic realism, which became the first artistic form of ethnocultural reflection by the means of fine arts.

scholarly journals GEOCULTURAL APPROACH OF THE WORLDOUTLOOK RESEARCH PROGRAM: ON THE PROBLEM OF INTERACTION OF LIBERAL AND TRADITIONAL STANDARDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-124
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Kalinin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Research Program ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church

The reсonsidering of the methodological foundations of modern theoretical jurisprudence includes both the search for new approaches and the identification of the limits and conditions for their adequacy. At the same time, the needs for studying the interaction of the value-worldoutlook nature and the spatial conditionality of the state and law, considered in the logic of an open system, correspond with the geocultural approach. This approach is based on the multi-valued category “geoculture”, that allows one to comprehend the cultural codes and meanings of the transformation of reality and space (world projects), including those that exist as ideas about ideal forms of public power and social regulation. The geocultural approach may be part of such methodological phenomena as the worldoutlook research program, world-system analysis and geomeasurement. At the present stage, the geocultural approach of the worldoutlook research program is most suitable for analyzing the conflict of geocultures, allowing to take into account the replacement of geocultural standards, the crisis of the modern capita list world economy, legitimized by liberal geoculture, and the search for new mo dels of world order, carried out in the framework of the conflict of liberal and traditional values. The importance of understanding this conflict is due to the critical attitude of liberalism towards traditional statehood, its fulfillment of the role of an instrument of “controlled chaos” and an instrument of dominance of the West. The reсonsidering of liberal geoculture is permissible on the basis of the doctrines of traditional religious faiths, among which the Russian Orthodox Church is dominant in the post-Soviet space. Liberal geoculture is a multidimensional phenomenon, which at the same time puts forward the idea of protecting human rights and freedoms, and is an instrument for implementation of an elitist policy, characterized by excessive criticality in relation to the state and government, as well as any categories reflecting collective soli darity. Moreover, human rights, which are an integral part of liberal geoculture, initially stem from the Christian idea of a man as an ontologically free human being, the image and likeness of God, whose status metaphysically extends to anyone, but only his own. Substantially there are three interdependent problems in the phenomenon of human rights, the answer to which predetermines the practice of legal regulation: who is a person (in a particular geoculture), who is recognized as the ontological subject of human rights violations, who is recognized as the relevant subject of human rights protection. The complexity of the attitude of traditional Christianity to human rights, including denial (due to historical reasons for using human rights to marginalize Christianity), understanding, and recognition, is confirmed by the historical practice of the Russian Orthodox Church, which positively interprets this phenomenon in its conceptual documents at the present stage. The foregoing makes it expedient to use the canonical positions and official documents of traditional religious faiths in lawmaking and lawenforcement practice, which are the Russian Orthodox and Roman Catholic Churches for Belarus.

scholarly journals CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS OF THE MONOTOWN OF GUKOVO IN THE ROSTOV REGION: OPINIONS OF RESIDENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д. Челпанова ◽  
D. Chelpanova ◽  
Т. Гревцова ◽  
T. Grevtsova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
The Town ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Post Soviet Period

<p>The town of Gukovo is an average city of the Rostov Region with a population of about 65 thousand people. Its industry is connected with coal mining. When the local coal mines were closed in the post-Soviet period, many people lost their jobs and began to seek employment in other regions. Today the local residents work mainly in the social sphere, trade and agriculture. They associate the prospects for the development of the urban industrial and social infrastructure with the creation of the priority social and economic development area (PSEDA) “Gukovo”. At present, the enterprises of PSEDA have already begun operating: they are mostly oriented to<br />engineering, manufacturing of reinforced concrete structures, carbonaceous materials, sunflower oil, and textile products. The goal of the study is to highlight the current social and economic problems of the municipal entity “Gukovo City” – PSEDA “Gukovo”, represented through the prism of the opinions of its residents. The study is based on the materials of depth interviews</p>

Sex and Secularization

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Cox
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
The Mass Media ◽  
Miss America ◽  
The Town

This chapter shows how the humanization of sex is impeded. First, it is thwarted by the parading of cultural-identity images for the sexually dispossessed, to make money. These images become the tyrant gods of the secular society, undercutting its liberation from religion and transforming it into a kind of neotribal culture. Second, the authentic secularization of sex is checkmated by an anxious clinging to the sexual standards of the town, an era so recent and yet so different from today that simply to transplant its sexual ethos into today's situation is to invite hypocrisy of the worst degree. The chapter then looks at the spurious sexual models conjured up for the anxious society by the sorcerers of the mass media and the advertising guild. Like all pagan deities, these come in pairs—the god and his consort. For this chapter's purposes they are best symbolized by The Playboy and Miss America.

Response to W. Lance Bennett's Review of Television, Power, and the Public in Russia

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-933
Author(s):  
Ellen Mickiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
The Public ◽  
Early Experiences ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Soviet Period

W. Lance Bennett is rightly pessimistic about a state with government-run mass media, on the one hand, and unchecked corruption, on the other. The massive and partially acknowledged corruption operates menacingly at all levels of society, a phenomenon mainly of the post-Soviet period. And the situation is bound to worsen as the economic crisis grows. However, it is unlikely that this decade of rampant corruption is the source of most heuristics that Russians use, for the derivation and content of shortcuts to navigate news tend to be drawn from early experiences under Soviet rule.

“The Case of Two Boys,” Gender, and Justice in Late Soviet Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 245-274
Author(s):  
Rhiannon Dowling
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Bias ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Village Women ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Town

This article examines a criminal case from 1966–1969 concerning a crime that took place in 1965 in the town of Izmalkovo outside of Moscow. Two young men were charged and eventually acquitted for the rape and murder of their female classmate. Their trial drew the attention of jurists and journalists from the capital, as well as scrutiny from the highest judicial and party organs in addition to the ire of local villagers. Two accounts remain of the trial: one written in 1969 by a Moscow journalist, Olga Chaikovskaia, well-known for her writings on crime and law throughout the late Soviet period, and the other penned over a decade later by Dina Kaminskaia, one of the defense lawyers in the trial and later notorious for her advocacy on behalf of prominent dissidents. Both of these women, in describing their defense of the young men, employed gendered conceptions of justice and legality in order to criticize or condemn the Soviet justice system and its agents. And yet Kaminskaia’s and Chaikovskaia’s narratives reveal that, in spite of deep divisions between people from different classes, localities, and with disparate education levels, both urban intelligentsia elite women and the simple village women who heartily opposed them could still have a remarkable degree of faith in the criminal justice system well into the era of “stagnation.” What interested the women from the capital in this case was their perception that the highest organs of Soviet power were involved in these boys’ prosecution, and that their convictions were a foregone conclusion. What kept them coming back to Izmalkovo after repeated set-backs, was the hope that, with the right arguments and evidence, and in spite of the political bias working against them, that justice could nonetheless be achieved for the boys. On this count, they were correct.

scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Examination of Agricultural Firms in Relation to the Leaders’ Attitude

2003 ◽  
pp. 261-269
Author(s):  
Gábor Kerékjártó
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Business Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Management Method ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Business Entities

As a PhD student at the Management Department of Debrecen University my project was to find examine circumstances of agricultural business entities in connection with structural, social and economic changes. This topic is integral part of the research program „Functional Study of Business-Management”, specified the topic „Structural Management Researches”.My setting of objectives were to find any connection between changes and attitude of leaders. I tried to explore the direction, tightness and tendencies of these relations, to choose some special management-method, which ones are much more succesfull than the other ones during the change-managing process. The base of my experiences are the results of special questionnaires, which were sent to several member of different type of enterprises relating to agricultural activity.

scholarly journals Holy Spirit Skete of the Pochaev Lavra Under Archbishop of Ternopol Palladiy (Kaminsky)

2021 ◽  
pp. 243-255
Author(s):  
Валентин Викторович Серпенинов
Keyword(s):  
Holy Spirit ◽  
The State ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Special Effect ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Soviet Government

Предметом данного исследования является история последних лет существования Почаевского Свято-Духова скита в советский период, обстоятельства его закрытия и непосредственная деятельность архиепископа Палладия (Каминского), выступившего бесстрашным защитником этой обители. На примере Почаевского скита можно проследить некоторые особенности религиозной политики коммунистической партии в УССР, где советская власть установилась лишь в 1939 г., что не могло особым образом отразиться на церковно-государственных отношениях. Источниковую базу составляют квартальные и годичные отчёты уполномоченных Совета по делам Русской Православной Церкви в Тернопольской области, которые мы находим в Государственном архиве Российской Федерации и Государственном архиве Тернопольской области. Благодаря анализу архивных материалов мы приходим к выводу о деструктивной политике советской власти, направленной на борьбу с Русской Церковью на территории Тернопольской области. Главным объектом вышеуказанной политики являлась Почаевская лавра и её Духовской скит. Полной ликвидации православных монастырей в Тернопольской епархии советская власть добиться не смогла благодаря дипломатическому таланту архиепископа Палладия, который поплатился за это очередным переводом на другую кафедру Русской Православной Церкви. The subject of this study is the history of the last years of the existence of the Pochaev Holy Spirit Skete in the Soviet period, the circumstances of its closure and the direct activities of Archbishop Palladiy (Kaminsky), who acted as a fearless defender of this monastery. On the example of the Pochaev skete, one can trace some features of the religious policy of the Communist Party in the Ukrainian SSR, where Soviet power was established only in 1939, which could not have a special effect on church-state relations. The source base consists of quarterly and annual reports of the commissioners of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Ternopil region, which we find in the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the State Archive of the Ternopil region. Thanks to the analysis of archival materials, we come to the conclusion about the destructive policy of the Soviet government aimed at combating the Russian Church in the territory of the Ternopil region. The main object of the above-mentioned policy was the Pochaev Lavra and its Dukhovskoy skete. The Soviet authorities were unable to achieve the complete liquidation of Orthodox monasteries in the Ternopil diocese thanks to the diplomatic talent of Archbishop Palladiy, who paid for it with another transfer to another department of the Russian Orthodox Church.

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