scholarly journals Strategies and methods for the correction of obesity and associated cardiovascular risk

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
T. Yu. Kuznetsova ◽  
M. A. Druzhilov ◽  
G. A. Chumakova ◽  
N. D. Veselovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Individual Program ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Today, there is a need to study obesity from the perspective of associated with it cardiovascular risk correcting. Future researches will have to study the pathophysiology of adipose tissue in greater detail, including tissue, cellular and molecular levels, in order to develop the most effective strategies for therapeutic and preventive measures. At the same time, taking into account the basic ideas about the role of cardiorespiratory fitness in the etiopathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, the ratio of fat free and fat mass, white and brown adipose tissue, subcutaneous fat and visceral adipose tissue, main directions of these measures becomes obvious. This article discusses strategies for correcting obesity and associated cardiovascular risk as part of primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and suggests an algorithm for developing an individual program of preventive measures for an obese patient.

Relationship between visceral obesity and plasma fibrinogen in obese children

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Hafez ◽  
Sahar El-Masry ◽  
Noha Musa ◽  
Marwa Fathy ◽  
Mona Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Visceral Adipose

AbstractThe prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased significantly worldwide with an alarming rise of its co-morbidities. The excess of visceral adipose tissue is associated with hypertension, prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory states. Our aim was to find a possible association between visceral obesity and plasma fibrinogen, as one of the cardiovascular risk factors, in obese children.Forty-three obese children and 40 non-obese controls were studied regarding their history, complete physical examination, anthropometric assessment, body composition analysis, ultrasonographic measurement of visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous fat as well as laboratory measurement of plasma fibrinogen.Our study revealed significant higher levels of fibrinogen in obese children than controls (14.5+5.1 and 2.9+0.52 mg/mL, respectively) with p-value <0.01. Moreover, the obese group had statistically significant difference in visceral fat (5.96+0.77 cm) and subcutaneous fat (2.66+0.70 cm) than controls (2.45+0.65 and 0.70+0.18 mg/mL, respectively) with p-value <0.01. In addition, fibrinogen had significant positive correlation with body mass index (r=0.327), waist/hip ratio (r=0.394), fat percentage (r=0.301), visceral adipose tissue (r=0.323) and subcutaneous fat (r=0.301).There was highly significant increase in the fibrinogen level, visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat in the obese group with insignificant sex differences. Fibrinogen had a significant positive correlation with the different adiposity markers, blood pressure, visceral and subcutaneous fat. Visceral adipose tissue is a stronger predictor for cardiovascular risk compared to subcutaneous fat.

scholarly journals Effects of stem cells from inducible brown adipose tissue on diet-induced obesity in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Calvo ◽  
Noelia Keiran ◽  
Catalina Núñez-Roa ◽  
Elsa Maymó-Masip ◽  
Miriam Ejarque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Obesity In Mice ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Visceral Adipose

AbstractAdipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) are a promising option for the treatment of obesity and its metabolic co-morbidities. Despite the recent identification of brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a potential target in the management of obesity, the use of ASCs isolated from BAT as a therapy for patients with obesity has not yet been explored. Metabolic activation of BAT has been shown to have not only thermogenic effects, but it also triggers the secretion of factors that confer protection against obesity. Herein, we isolated and characterized ASCs from the visceral adipose tissue surrounding a pheochromocytoma (IB-hASCs), a model of inducible BAT in humans. We then compared the anti-obesity properties of IB-hASCs and human ASCs isolated from visceral white adipose tissue (W-hASCs) in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. We found that both ASC therapies mitigated the metabolic abnormalities of obesity to a similar extent, including reducing weight gain and improving glucose tolerance. However, infusion of IB-hASCs was superior to W-hASCs in suppressing lipogenic and inflammatory markers, as well as preserving insulin secretion. Our findings provide evidence for the metabolic benefits of visceral ASC infusion and support further studies on IB-hASCs as a therapeutic option for obesity-related comorbidities.

Abstract 5822: Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation Synchronize With Inflammatory Activity OF Visceral Fat

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eung Ju Kim ◽  
Hong Seog Seo ◽  
Sungeun Kim ◽  
Jin Oh Na ◽  
Jae Hyoung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plaque Inflammation ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Background: Visceral adipose tissue is thought to confer increased cardiovascular risk through leukocyte infiltration and increased adipose macrophage activity. Previous positron emission tomography (PET) studies using fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) demonstrated that increased FDG uptake could reflect the severity of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque. We hypothesized that active atherosclerotic change in the major arteries would accompany increased inflammation within visceral fat and it could be detected in humans using combined FDG PET/computed tomography (CT). Methods: We observed 44 consecutive subjects with cardiovascular disease. For all of them, an one-hour PET/CT (from brain to foot) was performed after injection of FDG (370–555 MBq). FDG uptake in the aorta or its major branches was evaluated visually and semiquantitatively. Maximal standard uptake values (SUV) of the highest regions of interest were calculated in the subcutaneous fat and visceral fat area, separately. Results: Significant FDG uptake in the arterial wall was noted in 21 patients (plaque positive; PP group), all of whom have experienced acute cardiovascular events (acute coronary syndrome or ischemic stroke) within a week. The other 23 patients (plaque negative; PN group) had chronic stable angina or asymptomatic carotid stenosis. Visceral fat SUV was significantly higher as compared to subcutaneous fat SUV (0.49± 0.15 vs. 0.15± 0.05, p< 0.001) in PP group, whereas there was no significant difference in PN group (0.18± 0.07 vs. 0.16± 0.03, p= 0.622). When we compared two groups, PP group showed higher visceral fat SUV than PN group (p< 0.001). In terms of subcutaneous fat SUV, the results were similar in two groups (p= 0.773). Conclusions: We demonstrated that atherosclerotic plaque inflammation was associated with increased inflammation within visceral fat. Our results need to be confirmed by comparison with histologic or other imaging findings. Further evaluation to determine whether metabolic activity of visceral adipose tissue is a marker or mediator of vascular inflammation is also needed.

Visceral adipose tissue and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children

1998 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Owens ◽  
Bernard Gutin ◽  
Michael Ferguson ◽  
Jerry Allison ◽  
Warren Karp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals Lipid metabolism in women

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Fat Depots

Differences in whole-body lipid metabolism between men and women are indicated by lower-body fat accumulation in women but more marked accumulation of fat in the intra-abdominal visceral fat depots of men. Circulating blood lipid concentrations also show gender-related differences. These differences are most marked in premenopausal women, in whom total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations are lower and HDL-cholesterol concentration is higher than in men. Tendency to accumulate body fat in intra-abdominal fat stores is linked to increased risk of CVD, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and other insulin-resistant states. Differential regional regulation of adipose tissue lipolysis and lipogenesis must underlie gender-related differences in the tendency to accumulate fat in specific fat depots. However, empirical data to support current hypotheses remain limited at the present time because of the demanding and specialist nature of the methods used to study adipose tissue metabolism in human subjects. In vitro and in vivo data show greater lipolytic sensitivity of abdominal subcutaneous fat and lesser lipolytic sensitivity of femoral and gluteal subcutaneous fat in women than in men. These differences appear to be due to fewer inhibitory α adrenergic receptors in abdominal regions and greater α adrenergic receptors in gluteal and femoral regions in women than in men. There do not appear to be major gender-related differences in rates of fatty acid uptake (lipogenesis) in different subcutaneous adipose tissue regions. In visceral fat rates of both lipolysis and lipogenesis appear to be greater in men than in women; higher rates of lipolysis may be due to fewer α adrenergic receptors in this fat depot in men. Fatty acid uptake into this depot in the postprandial period is approximately 7-fold higher in men than in women. Triacylglycerol concentrations appear to be a stronger cardiovascular risk factor in women than in men, with particular implications for cardiovascular risk in diabetic women. The increased triacylglycerol concentrations observed in women taking hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) may explain the paradoxical findings of increased rates of CVD in women taking HRT that have been reported from recent primary and secondary prevention trials of HRT.

scholarly journals The Protective Actions of Exercise on Bone Formation, the Relationship between FNDC5/Irisin and Autophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Qunhua Jin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Consequent Increase

Most researchers have recognized the beneficial effects of exercise on bone formation in the organism. Irisin released from muscles is considered to be the link between muscles and other organs, and its main function is to change subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue into brown adipose tissue, with a consequent increase in thermogenesis. Irisin can regulate glucose metabolism, bone metabolic homeostasis, and systemic inflammatory response

scholarly journals Brown Adipose Tissue Volume and Fat Content are Positively Associated with Whole-Body Adiposity in Young Men, Not in Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado ◽  
Borja Martinez-Tellez ◽  
Francisco M. Acosta ◽  
Samuel Virtue ◽  
Antonio Vidal-Puig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Adiposity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Visceral Adipose

<a>Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume has been consistently claimed as inversely associated with whole-body adiposity. However, recent advances in the assessment of human BAT suggest that previously reported associations may have been biased. The present cross-sectional study investigates the association of BAT volume, mean radiodensity, and <sup>18</sup>F-fluordeoxyglucose (<sup>18</sup>F-FDG) uptake (assessed via a static positron emission tomography-computerized tomography (PET-CT) scan after a 2-hour personalized cold exposure) with whole-body adiposity (measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) in 126 young adults (42 men / 84 women; 25±5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). BAT volume, but not <sup>18</sup>F-FDG uptake, was positively associated with body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue mass in men, but not in women. These associations were independent of the date when the PET-CT was performed, insulin sensitivity and body surface area. BAT mean radiodensity, an inverse proxy of BAT fat content, was negatively associated </a>was with BMI, waist circumference, fat mass and visceral adipose tissue mas in men and with percentage fat mass in women. These results refute the widely held belief that human BAT volume is reduced in obese persons, at least in young adults, and suggest that it might even be the opposite in young men.

scholarly journals Obesity and COVID-19: The role of visceral adipose tissue

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Petersen ◽  
Keno Bressem ◽  
Jakob Albrecht ◽  
Hans-Martin Thiess ◽  
Janis Vahldiek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Upper Abdominal ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Icu Treatment

INTRODUCTION: During the unprecedented health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic it was suggested that obesity might aggravate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between Compute Tomography (CT)-based measurements of visceral and subcutaneous fat as measures of obesity and COVID-19 severity. METHODS: 30 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and a mean age of 65.59 plus/minus 13.06 years from a level one medical center in Berlin, Germany, were retrospectively analyzed and included in the present analysis. SARS-CoV-2 was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction from throat swaps or deep nasal swabs on the day of admission. Severe clinical courses of COVID-19 were defined by hospitalization in intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation. All patients received low-dose chest CT-based fat measurements at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. RESULTS: An increase in visceral fat area (VFA) by one square decimeter was associated with a 22.53-fold increased risk for ICU treatment and a 16.11-fold increased risk for mechanical ventilation (adjusted for age and sex). For upper abdominal circumference, each additional centimeter of circumference showed a 1.13-fold increased risk for ICU treatment and a 1.25-fold increased risk for mechanical ventilation. There was no significant correlation of subcutaneous fat area (SFA) or body mass index (BMI) with severe clinical courses of COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that visceral adipose tissue and upper abdominal circumference specifically increasing the risk of COVID-19 severity. CT-based quantification of visceral adipose tissue and upper abdominal circumference in routinely acquired chest CTs may therefore be a simple tool for risk assessment in SARS-CoV-2-patients.

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