scholarly journals Protective Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Fluoxetine-Induced Hepatotoxicity: An Experimental Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Yılmaz ◽  
Bilal Elbey ◽  
Ümit Can Yazgan ◽  
Ahmet Dönder ◽  
Necmi Arslan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Liver Tissues

Background. The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Materials and Methods. Group I served as control. Group II received CAPE intraperitoneally. Group III received fluoxetine per orally. Group IV received fluoxetine and CAPE. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and liver enzymes including paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), aspartate transaminase, and alanine transaminase levels were measured. Liver tissues were processed histopathologically for evaluation of liver injury and to validate the serum enzyme levels.Results. An increase in TOS and OSI and a decrease in TAC and PON-1 levels in serum and liver tissues of Group III were observed compared to Groups I and II. After treatment with CAPE, the level of TOS and OSI decreased while TAC and PON-1 increased in serum and liver in Group IV. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed hepatic injury after fluoxetine treatment and reduction of injury with CAPE treatment.Conclusion. Our results suggested that CAPE treatment provided protection against fluoxetine toxicity. Following CAPE treatment with fluoxetine-induced hepatotoxicity, TOS and OSI levels decreased, whereas PON-1 and TAC increased in the serum and liver.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester modulates methotrexate-induced oxidative stress in testes of rat

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Armagan ◽  
E Uzar ◽  
E Uz ◽  
HR Yilmaz ◽  
S Kutluhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on testicular toxicity of methotrexate in rats. Nineteen male rats were divided into three groups as follows: group I, control; group II, methotrexate-treated; group III, methotrexate + caffeic acid phenethyl ester-treated. In the second day of experiment, a single dose of methotrexate was intraperitoneally administered to groups II and III, although a daily single dose of caffeic acid phenethyl ester was intraperitoneally administered to group III for 7 days. At the end of the experiment, the testes of the animals were removed and weighed. In the tissue, the level of lipid peroxidation as malondialdehyde and activities of superoxide dismutase were higher in the methotrexate group than in the control group. Lipid peroxidation levels and superoxide dismutase activities were decreased in caffeic acid phenethyl ester + methotrexate group compared with methotrexate group. The activities of catalase in the methotrexate group decreased insignificantly although its activities were significantly increased by caffeic acid phenethyl ester administration. The activity of glutathione peroxidase did not change in the groups. There was significant difference in body weight between control and methotrexate-induced groups. In conclusion, the administration of methotrexate causes elevation of oxidative stress although treatment with caffeic acid phenethyl ester has protective effects on the oxidative stress in testes.

scholarly journals ISONIAZID INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (07) ◽  
pp. 1124-1128
Author(s):  
Naveed Ahsan ◽  
Sarwat Jahan ◽  
Sana Imran ◽  
Naveed Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Portal Tract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatic Lobule ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Liver Histopathology ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Objectives: To observe healthy effects of silymarin on liver histopathology againstliver damage, caused by isoniazid in rabbits. Study Design: Interventional study. Setting:Animal House of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. Period: April to September2013. Methods: Total 28 rabbits of weight 1-1.5kg of either sex were used in this study. Whichwere divided randomly into four equal groups: Group I was control group. In group II silymarin(50mg/kg/day orally) was administered, in group III isoniazid (50mg/kg/dayorally) was given;and in group IV, effects of combination therapy of isoniazid and silymarin were observed. Beforestarting the drug therapy, at day 0 and one day after the end of study period i.e., at day 19, bodyweight of each animal was recorded. Rabbits were sacrificed on 19th day and the required liversample was taken for histopathological examination. The data feeding and analysis at the endof study was done on computer package SPSS (Statistical packages of social science) version16. Results: No mortality was recorded in any group. In group II (silymarin treated) animals inthis group exhibited no any histological changes in the hepatic lobule except few inflammatorycells 28.5% were seen in the portal tract. The liver microscopic examination in group III(Isoniazid treated), animals showed the disturbed architecture of the lobule. There were no fattychanges, whereas ballooning degeneration was 42.9%, hepatocytes necrosis was 71% andportal inflammation was 71.4% which was very severe. Animals in group IV, given combinationof silymarin and isoniazid showed the intact architecture of the hepatic lobule, in which 14.29%ballooning degeneration, whereas necrosis of hepatocytes and portal inflammation was mildin nature which may be due to hepatoprotective role of silymarin. Conclusion: Silymarin hashepatoprotective effects when given in combination with isoniazid.

Analysis of surface conditioning methods on core-veneer bond strength of CAD/CAM zirconia restorations

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Anip K. Roy ◽  
Govind N. Prasad ◽  
Tushar V. Bhagat ◽  
Saurabh Chaturvedi ◽  
Vishwanath Gurumurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Surface Conditioning ◽  
Group I ◽  
Alumina Particles ◽  
Scanning Electron

BACKGROUND: The increased strength of zirconia has resulted in its widespread application in clinical dentistry. Nevertheless, the fracture of veneering porcelains remains one of the key reasons of failure. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare and analyze the influence of surface conditioning methods on the core-veneer bond strength of zirconia restorations. METHODS: Thirty specimens of zirconia core with sizes 10 × 5 × 5 mm were layered with porcelain of sizes 5 × 3 × 3 mm. On the basis of different surface conditioning methods, four groups were made: Group I: abrasion with airborne alumina particles of 110 μm size, Group II: sandblasting with silica coated alumina particles of 50 μm in size, Group III (modified group): alteration with a coating of zirconia powder prior to sintering, and Group IV (control group): metal core specimens. The shear force of all specimens was tested using a universal testing machine with a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post hoc pair wise comparison (p= 0.05) were performed to analyze the shear bond strength. A scanning electron microscope was used to assess the fractured specimens. RESULTS: A statistically significant difference was noted between the groups. The mean value of shear bond strength was 40.25 MPa for Group I, 41.93 MPa for Group II, 48.08 MPa for Group III and 47.01 MPa for Group IV. CONCLUSIONS: The modified zirconia group and control group demonstrated a significantly higher mean bond strength than that of Group I, where airborne particle abrasion was used. The scanning electron microscope showed that cohesive fracture in the porcelain veneers was the main problem of failure in altered zirconia. The modified zirconia specimens in Group III demonstrated significantly improved values of shear bond strength.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

Adaptive dose response pilot study of intravaginal Prostaglandin E2 application in free farrowing sows during parturition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona Bill ◽  
Heiko Nathues ◽  
Alexander Grahofer
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Meconium Staining

Abstract Background The duration of birth is an important factor influencing the survival of piglets and the health of sows. A prolonged parturition is usually treated with oxytocin, even though several undesirable side effects are described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of different concentrations as an intravaginal applied gel in sows. MethodsTwelve sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: Group I (control group) application of placebo gel; Group II application of 2.0 mg PGE2; Group III application of 1.0 mg PGE2; Group IV application of 0.5 mg PGE2. The gel was administered intravaginal after the birth of the fourth piglet. Total duration of birth (time between first piglet and last placenta), piglet interval and placenta expulsion duration (time between first and last placenta) were recorded, and each piglet was scored for meconium staining and vitality. Furthermore, stillborn piglets were categorized into ante-partum and intra-partum deaths. Results Although no significant differences between the groups were detected, a beneficial tendency in several parameters was observed in group III. The duration of birth was 284 min (average of 14.3 piglets per litter), whereas in all other groups it was more than 400 min (average of 18.0 piglets per litter). The piglet interval was 10.1 min in group II compared to 10.2 min in group III, 16 min in group IV and 21.4 min in group I. In group III the placenta expulsion duration was 119 min in contrast to the other groups with more than 266 min. Severe meconium staining in more than 10% of piglets was observed in group II and IV. Moreover, piglets of group II showed oedematous and haemorrhagic umbilical cords, lethargy and anoxia, and intra-partum deaths were recorded. Conclusion Although the sample size is limited in this study, it is assumed that an application of 1mg PGE2 intra-partum instead of lower or higher dosages has the most beneficial effects on the birth process in sows and on the vitality of piglets. Further investigation is necessary to confirm the positive effect of PGE2 in daily practise.

scholarly journals ESTUDO COMPARATIVO ENTRE O FIO DE NAILON E A LINHA DE PESCA (POLIAMIDA) E A SUA APLICABILIDADE COMO FIO CIRÚRGICO

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHEILA CANEVESE RAHAL ◽  
MANOEL ÁLVARO GUIMARÃES ◽  
JOSÉ VICENTE FORTES ◽  
HÉLIO LANGONI ◽  
PEDRO HELIO LUCCHIARI
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Nylon Thread ◽  
Group I ◽  
Mucous Membranes

"Linhas de pesca"* em diâmetros de 0,15mm; 0,20mm; 0,25mm; 0,30mm foram divididas em quatro grupos, contendo dez amostras de cada diâmetro: grupo I - controle; grupo II - linhas colocadas em frasco com pastilhas de formalina; grupo III - um ciclo de autoclavagem (30 minutos à 121 C, seguido por 10 minutos de secagem à 37 C em estufa); grupo IV - dois ciclos de autoclavagens. Foram avaliadas quanto: comprimento, calibre, resistência no nó e alongamento. Comparativamente foram examinados fios de náilon cirúrgico nas numerações 0, 1-0, 2-0, 3-0, 4-0 e 5-0 (10 amostras de cada um). Pelos resultados da análise estastística, verificou-se que a esterilização pelo calor úmido exerceu um efeito adverso na resistência da "linha de pesca". Por outro lado não houve diferenças na resistência, calibre e alongamento da "linha de pesca" entre o primeiro e segundo ciclo de autoclavagem. As “linhas” mantidas em pastilhas de formalina mantiveram na sua maioria suas características originais de resistência, comprimento, diâmetro e alongamento quando comparada ao grupo controle, entretanto, cabe lembrar que o formaldeído é considerado irritante para pele e membrana mucosa. Foi possível concluir que a "linha de pesca" apresenta características semelhantes ao fio cirúrgico, podendo ser mantida em pastilhas de formalina ou esterilizada em autoclave, lembrando que a autoclavagem altera algumas de suas propriedades físicas. Abstract A comparative study has been carried out between fishing lines and nylon thread in regard to their applicability as surgical thread. Four groups of 10 fishing lines in each of the following diameters = 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30 mm = were subjected to the following treatments: group I, control; group II sterilized with formalin tablets; group III, autoclaved 30 minutes at 121oC; group IV, autoclaved twice 30 minutes at 121oC. The following parameters were then considered: length, caliber, resistance at the knot, and elongation. Ten samples of each surgical 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 nylon threads were used in comparatively similar experiments as the ones carried out with the fishing lines. According to the statistical analyses of the experimental results, it has been found that the sterilization by means of the humid heat exerts an adverse effect on the resistance of the fishing line. However, no differences were found between the effect displayed by two cycles sterilization compared with the fishing lines subjected to only one cycle. The threads maintained in formalin kept the majority of their original properties of resistance, length, diameter and elongation when compared with the control group. It is known, however that formaldehyde is an irritant chemical towards the skin and the mucous membranes. It was possible to conclude: a. fishing lines display characteristics similar to that ones of the nylon surgical thread; b. they can be maintained in formalin solution; c. autoclave sterilization alters some of their physical properties.

Protective effect of L-carnitine against oxidative damage caused by experimental chronic aflatoxicosis in quail (Coturnix coturnix)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Citil ◽  
V. Gunes ◽  
O. Atakisi ◽  
Ayla Ozcan ◽  
M. Tuzcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Aflatoxin ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine supplementation on the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and whole blood reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations in experimentally-induced chronic aflatoxicosis in quails. For this purpose, a total of 80 quails up to 8 weeks old were divided into four equal groups. Group I served as control, Group II was given L-carnitine at the dose of 200 mg/litre in the drinking water for 60 days, Group III was given 60 µg total aflatoxin/kg diet for 60 days, and Group IV was given both 60 µg total aflatoxin/kg diet and 200 mg L-carnitine/litre in the drinking water for 60 days. Aflatoxin treatment caused a significant increase in plasma MDA and a significant decrease in blood GSH concentrations. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in plasma MDA and a significant increase in whole blood GSH in the L-carnitine-supplemented group. The present study demonstrated that L-carnitine brought about the inhibition of lipid peroxidation by enhancing antioxidant capacity in quails with chronic aflatoxicosis.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Different Obturation Techniques by Confocal Microscopy: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Reetu Arora ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Neetu Jindal ◽  
Renu Aggarwal ◽  
Kavneet Takhar
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract Introduction The aim of obturation in the root canal is to completely seal the canal space to eliminate all the portals of entry and exit between root canal and periodontal space. Various techniques have been developed to achieve a hermetic seal. Materials and Methods As many as 150 extracted human maxillary central incisors were taken for the study. Biomechanical preparation was done up to F5 protaper file. According to different obturation techniques, samples were divided into six groups, keeping 30 samples in experimental and 15 samples in control groups. Group I–Lateral Condensation, Group II–Thermafil, Group III–Beefill, Group IV–GuttaFlow, Group V–Positive Control group, Group VI–Negative Control group. After obturation, the samples were immersed in 2% Rhodamine-B dye for 24 hours. Each sample was longitudinally sectioned to examine under confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical Analysis The results were evaluated with ANOVA and posthoc Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) comparison test. Results The mean values of dye penetration of different groups were Group I (Lateral Condensation) 1.51 ± 0.451, Group II (Thermafil) 0.918 ± 0.399, Group III (Beefill) 1.30 ± 0.559. Group IV (GuttaFlow) 0.655 ± 0.396, Group V (Positive Control group) 1.96 ±0.046, Group VI (Negative Control group) 0 ± 0. The lowest mean value of apical microleakage was found in GuttaFlow amongst all experimental groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that the GuttaFlow obturating material exhibited better apical sealing ability with canal walls.

scholarly journals Remifentanil and Propofol Sedation for Retrobulbar Nerve Block

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rewari ◽  
R. Madan ◽  
H. L. Kaul ◽  
L. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Retrobulbar Block ◽  
Significant Movement ◽  
Group Ii

We studied remifentanil and propofol for analgesia and sedation during the placement of an ophthalmic block. Eighty ASA I or II patients undergoing elective cataract surgery under a retrobulbar block in a rural camp setting were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into four groups and received different drug combinations as follows: Group I—remifentanil 1 μg/kg, Group II—remifentanil 0.5 μg/kg and propofol 0.5 mg/kg, Group III— remifentanil 1 μg/kg with propofol 0.5 mg/kg and Group IV—saline 0.1 ml/kg. Patients were observed for degree of movement, sedation, pain, recall and respiratory depression. No patient in the study groups reported pain or displayed movement whereas most of the patients in the control group had significant pain during the placement of the block. Also, seven (35%) patients in the control group showed significant movement which may have led to failure of block in two patients and retrobulbar haemorrhage in one patient. Incidence of significant respiratory depression was maximum in Group III patients (60%), followed by Group I (20%) and least in Group II (5%). All patients in the study groups remained cooperative and obeyed commands except four patients in group III (OAA/S-4). Postoperatively, other than the control group, recall was maximum in Group I (55%) and least in Group II (5%). Hence, a combination of remifentanil 0.5 μg/kg with propofol 0.5 mg/kg as a bolus was considered to provide excellent relief of pain and anxiety with least adverse effects for the placement of ophthalmic blocks.

The effect of pro-, pre- and synbiotics on the health of mink, morphometric parameters of their digestive tract, and microbiological analysis of its contents

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Piórkowska
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Weight Gains

<b>The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of selected feed additives (pro-, pre- and synbiotics) on the health of mink, morphometric parameters of their digestive tract, and microbiological identification of its contents. The observations were made on pastel mink assigned to the following dietary treatments: group I – standard farm feed without supplements, group II – probiotic-supplemented feed, group III – prebiotic-supplemented feed, and group IV – synbiotic-supplemented feed. The feed additives were found to affect the growth and weight gains of the mink. Body weight at winter fur priming ranged from 1.45 to 2.54 kg in females and from 2.70 to 4.20 kg in males. During the rearing period (weaning to slaughter), the highest weight gains were observed in the group receiving prebiotics – on average 760 g in females and 1970 g in males. Analysis of the morphometric parameters of the digestive tract showed highly significant differences between means for the groups, except for the weight of the lungs and spleen and the length of the stomach. The mean concentration of total bacteria in the intestinal contents was similar in groups II and III (8.5-9.4 x 10<sup>4</sup> CFU/g), higher in group IV, and highest in the control group (5.9 x 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g). Among the bacteria identified, <i>Corynebacterium</i> was dominant in all groups. The total fungal count in the intestinal contents was lowest in the mink receiving prebiotics. The dominant fungi were <i>Candida</i>, particularly <i>Candida glabrata</i>. The proportion of fungi of this genus varied between groups from 84.5% to 89.5%. The other fungi identified in the digesta were <i>Rhizopus</i> spp. and <i>Aspergillus</i> spp.</b>

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