scholarly journals Study on the effect of γ-irradiation (Co-60) on seed germination and agronomic traits in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 11061
Author(s):  
Pronabananda DAS ◽  
Md. Monirul Islam ◽  
Md. Humayun KABIR ◽  
Md. Monirul ISLAM ◽  
S.A.M. Shariar ISLAM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Highest Weight ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Agronomical Traits ◽  
Higher Doses

Mutagenesis is an important technique for creating novel mutants having improved agronomic traits. In this study, LD50 was determined at 807 Gy depending on the germination percentage of tomato seeds irradiated with cobalt-60, using absorbed gray (Gy) dose of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 500, and 1000 Gy with control. GR30 and GR50 values were 214 and 502 Gy based on the regression formula on seedling length. Though LD50 is important, the dose range between 214(GR30) and 502(GR50) is more functional to get desirable mutation as the survival of the mutants is more important than germination. The variation was observed in all of the agronomical traits among the treatments. Most of the morphological traits were found better at 250 Gy in comparison with the control and the value decreased sharply at higher doses followed. The highest weight of single fruit was 145.33 g recorded at 250 Gy while the lowest was 70.67 g noted at 500 Gy. The highest fruit yield per plant was 1270 gm obtained at 250 Gy and the lowest was 800 gm found at 500 Gy. Shelf life was found better (34 days) at the 250 Gy dose level and the lowest was 6 days got in the control treatments.

scholarly journals Comparison of Genetic Gains of Agronomical Traits from Different Selection Methods in Soybean

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
Thuy Hang Thi Vu ◽  
Hoa Dinh Vu ◽  
Tuyet Cham Thi Le ◽  
Tuan Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Thi Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Agronomical Traits ◽  
100 Seed Weight

This study aimed to compare the genetic gains of two different selection methods for agronomic traits in soybean. A population from the cross of VI045032 x 4904 (LSB10) was advanced using the bulk method and modified bulk method to the F6 generation. Measured traits were growth duration, plant height, height of the first pod node, number of pods per plant, the percentage of 3-seeded pods, 100-seed weight, individual yield, and yield. Both methods were equally efficient and could be used for segregating and the stabilizing phase of progenies/populations of soybean crosses. However, the bulk method appeared to be more efficient for the improvement of yield-related traits while the modified bulk method was more efficient for the improvement of morphological traits.  

scholarly journals Supporting Physiological Trait for Indirect Selection for Grain Yield in Drought-Stressed Popcorn

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Samuel Henrique Kamphorst ◽  
Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves ◽  
Antônio Teixeira do Amaral Júnior ◽  
Valter Jário de Lima ◽  
Kátia Fabiane Medeiros Schmitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Leaf Greenness ◽  
Selection Of

The identification of traits associated with drought tolerance in popcorn is a contribution to support selection of superior plants under soil water deficit. The objective of this study was to choose morphological traits and the leaf greenness index, measured on different dates, to estimate grain yield (GY) and popping expansion (PE), evaluated in a set of 20 popcorn lines with different genealogies, estimated by multiple regression models. The variables were divided into three groups: morpho-agronomic traits—100-grain weight (GW), prolificacy (PR), tassel length (TL), number of tassel branches, anthesis-silking interval, leaf angle (FA) and leaf rolling (FB); variables related to the intensity of leaf greenness during the grain-filling period, at the leaf level, measured by a portable chlorophyll meter (SPAD) and at the canopy level, calculated as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The inbred lines were cultivated under two water conditions: well-watered (WW), maintained at field capacity, and water stress (WS), for which irrigation was stopped before male flowering. The traits GY (55%) and PE (28%) were most affected by water restriction. Among the morpho-agronomic traits, GW and PR were markedly reduced (>10%). Under dry conditions, the FA in relation to the plant stalk tended to be wider, the FB curvature greater and leaf senescence accelerated (>15% at 22 days after male flowering). The use of multiple regression for the selection of predictive traits proved to be a useful tool for the identification of groups of adequate traits to efficiently predict the economically most important features of popcorn (GY and PE). The SPAD index measured 17 days after male flowering proved useful to select indirectly for GY, while, among the morphological traits, TL stood out for the same purpose. Of all traits, PR was most strongly related with PE under WS, indicating its use in breeding programs. The exploitation of these traits by indirect selection is expected to induce increments in GY and PE.

scholarly journals Seed Gamma Irradiation of Arabidopsis thaliana ABA-Mutant Lines Alters Germination and Does Not Inhibit the Photosynthetic Efficiency of Juvenile Plants

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932582097924
Author(s):  
Darya Babina ◽  
Marina Podobed ◽  
Ekaterina Bondarenko ◽  
Elizaveta Kazakova ◽  
Sofia Bitarishvili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Mutant Lines

Plant growth response to γ-irradiation includes stimulating or inhibitory effects depending on plant species, dose applied, stage of ontogeny and other factors. Previous studies showed that responses to irradiation could depend on ABA accumulation and signaling. To elucidate the role of ABA in growth and photosynthetic responses to irradiation, lines Col-8, abi3-8 and aba3 -1 of Arabidopsis thaliana were used. Seeds were γ-irradiated using 60Co in the dose range 50-150 Gy. It was revealed that the dose of 150 Gy affected germination parameters of aba3 -1 and Col-8 lines, while abi3-8 line was the most resistant to the studied doses and even showed faster germination at early hours after γ-irradiation at 50 Gy. These results suggest that susceptibility to ABA is probably more important for growth response to γ-irradiation than ABA synthesis. The photosynthetic functioning of 16-day-old plants mainly was not disturbed by γ-irradiation of seeds, and no indication of photosystem II photoinhibition was noticed, revealing the robustness of the photosynthetic system of A. thaliana. Glutathione peroxidase activity and ABA concentrations in plant tissues were not affected in the studied dose range. These results contribute to the understanding of germination and photosynthesis fine-tuning and of mechanisms of plant tolerance to ionizing radiation.

Germination percentage and emergence potential of nine newly introduced temperate forage germplasms in Shika, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
Y. M. Ishiaku ◽  
M. R. Hassan ◽  
S. A. Abubakar ◽  
J. T. Amodu ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides

A trial was conducted to investigate the germination percentage and emergence potential of nine imported temperate forage germplasms at the National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Nigeria. The seeds consisted of seven grasses namely; Beefsteak plant (Fructus perillae), Sweet elephant grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides), Wild foxtail millet (Setaria viridis), Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), King grass (Pennisetum sinese), Chinese sorghum (Sweet sorghum) and Zea mexican schard (Purus frumentum) and two legumes namely; Chinese woad (Isatis tinctoria) and Chinese alfalfa (Medicago sativa). A laboratory germination test and pot emergence trial was carried out to ascertain their viability. The result of the experiment showed that Sweet elephant grass, napier grass and king grass recorded over 90 % germination and the least was 30 % in Chinese sorghum. Chinese alfalfa and wild foxtail millet had least germination percentage with 100 % Seed dormancy.Highest emergence rate, seedling length and seedling vigour indexwere observed in king grass than the other forage germplasms. The highest percentage emergence was obtained in king grass > sweet elephant grass > napier grass > Zea mexican schard > beefsteak plant > Chinese woad > Chinese sorghum, respectively. It was concluded that these forages can successfully be adopted as animal feed resources in Nigeria and therefore, recommended formulti-locational trials in all the ecological zones of the country.

Seed Longevity and Its Association with Agronomic Traits in Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kanwar ◽  
R.K. Kapila ◽  
K.C. Dhiman
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Seed Longevity ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Poor Seed

Background: Soybean is an important oilseed crop but it has poor seed longevity. Studies on seed longevity are very complex and hence, an indirect selection criterion should be identified. In this study, seed longevity and its association with agronomic traits of seven soybean varieties was evaluated in the year 2019-2020.Methods: Seed were kept for storage under ambient conditions for a period of 16 months (January 2019 to May 2020). Their germination was recorded at bimonthly intervals and seed longevity was inferred as the time period in months up to which the seed maintains its germination percentage above IMSCS.Result: Accordingly, Palam Early Soya 1 and Him Palam Hara Soya were classified as having short seed longevity (12 months). Hara Soya, Shivalik, Him Soya and Palam Soya were classified as having medium seed longevity (14 months). Whereas, PS 1556 was classified as having long seed longevity ( greater than 16 months). Further, it was found that seed longevity was positively associated with number of pods per plant and seed yield, and negatively associated with number of branches per plant and 100-seed weight. This study presents an indirect selection criterion based on some easily accessible parameters which have strong association with seed longevity.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC INFLUENCE OF TRIANTHIMA PORTULACASTRUM L. ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENTAL RESPONSES OF SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Prabhakaran J ◽  
Kavitha D
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Developmental Responses

An experiment was conducted in order to determine the allelopathic effects of the aqueous extract of Trianthima portulacastrum L.on the seed germination, seedling growth and chlorophyll content ofsesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Greenhouse experiment was carried out as RCBD (Randomized complete block design)with four replications. Treatments included 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% (W/W) residues of whole plant of T.portulacastrum with normal field soil. Results showed that the low concentrations of T.portulacastrum had no significant effect on the germination percentage, seedling length, dry weight, total chlorophyll contents at lower concentration(1%) of weed residues. However, treatments with higher concentrations had negative effects on germination, growth and seedling dry weight of sesame.

scholarly journals The Use of Germination Indices for Salinity Tolerance Classification of Pepper Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Gamze Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Germination Indices

The study aimed to evaluate the use of germination indices as a screening tool for salinity tolerance during germination and early seedling growth of pepper cultivars, and to distinguish the potential for genetic responses to salt tolerance. In the study, the seeds of seven pepper cultivars were germinated at increasing NaCl levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS/m and distilled water as the control treatment for 14 days. Germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), germination stress tolerance index (GSTI), seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW) and vigor index (VI) were investigated. Results showed that germination percentage decreased with increasing NaCl levels while the highest germination percentage at 20 dS/m was 92% in BT Burdem with no significant reduction. Seedling growth of pepper cultivars was severely inhibited by increasing salinity stress. SFW was depressed depending on reduction in SL due to increasing NaCl. BT-Burli and BT İnce Sivri were the most tolerant cultivars to NaCl and they were used for genetic resources towards salinity. Seedling growth was much more sensitive to salinity than germination because of the highest percent reduction in seedling growth parameters. Among the parameters, GSTI gave the highest significant correlation coefficient with SL and SFW; indicating that it would be useful for estimating seedling growth. It was concluded that genotypic variation was observed among pepper cultivars for salinity tolerance and GSTI could be used for a predictor for salinity tolerance.

scholarly journals Multivariate analysis of sesame genotypes under saline stress

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Priyadharshini, ◽  
M. Prakash ◽  
M. Vignesh ◽  
S. Murugan ◽  
R. Anandan
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Sesame Genotypes

Sesame is notable for its rich antioxidants and sesame oil is also familiar for its resistance to oxidation. The cultivation of sesame is usually restricted under abiotic stress conditions. Hence in order to study the performance of sesame genotypes to saline stress, an experiment was conducted to screen ten ruling varieties of sesame viz., CO1, SVR1, SVPR1, VRI 1, VRI 2, TMV 3, TMV 4, TMV 5, TMV 6 and TMV 7 at five different EC levels (EC 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5). Seedling observations namely, germination percentage, speed of germination, shoot length, root length and dry matter production were recorded. Among the genotypes, it was found that under higher saline conditions (EC5), VRI 1 recorded higher seedling length (2.0 cm), vigour index I (100) and vigour index II (1.15), whereas under normal condition, TMV 4 and CO 1 performed better. In general, there was a decrease in all the seedling parameters with increased levels of salinity. With STAR software, Multivariate analysis was done and on the basis of dendrogram, five clusters were formed and the cophenotic correlation co- efficient was found highest in Control (0.912) followed by EC 2 ( 0.829).

scholarly journals The Effect of Administration of Silver Nanoparticles on the Immune Status of Chickens

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Kulak ◽  
Iwona Sembratowicz ◽  
Anna Stępniowska ◽  
Katarzyna Ognik
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Reduction ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Tetrazolium Reduction

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to verify the hypothesis that there are doses of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) that improve immune defence in chickens without compromising their health. To verify this hypothesis, an attempt was made to determine which doses of Ag-NPs (5 nm) consumed by chickens as a result of administration of hydrocolloids during varying time periods at a concentration of 5 or 10 mg Ag/l stimulate immune defence. The experiment was performed on 296 chickens assigned to 3 treatments. Chickens from the control treatment received drinking water without experimental additives. Chickens from the T-5 and T-10 treatments received a hydrocolloid of Ag-NPs at a concentration of 5 mg/l (treatment T-5) or 10 mg/l (treatment T-10) from their second week of life. Blood for analysis was collected at the age of 42 days from 8 birds per treatment. Ceruloplasmin (Cp), leukocyte count (WBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), interleukin IL-6, immunoglobulins IgA, IgY, phagocytic cells (% PC), phagocytic index (PI), nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (NBT), and lysozyme content in the blood was determined. Application of Ag-NPs at a concentration of 5 mg/l or 10 mg/l in the dose range of 2.87-12.25 mg/bird (administration of Ag-NPs in concentration 5 mg/l in weeks: 2; 2 and 3; 2 and 4; 2 and 5; 2 and 6 or concentration 10 mg/l in week 2) resulted in an immunostimulatory effect expressed as an increase in heterophil respiratory burst and an increased concentration of lysozyme. Higher doses of Ag-NPs exerted a pro-inflammatory effect, as indicated by elevated levels of IL-6 and ceruloplasmin, as well as a high ESR. They also stimulated B lymphocytes to produce IgA and IgA immunoglobulins.

scholarly journals Development of priming technology for enhanced planting value of seeds in kabuli chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 735-743
Author(s):  
Umesh Hiremath ◽  
Basave Gowda ◽  
Lokesh G.Y . ◽  
B. S. Ganiger
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Vigour Index

The continuous rise in global population demands more food production under limited land resources accompanied by climate change. More oversupply of quality seeds to meet ever-growing food demand is a highly challenging task. Seeds with low vigour level limit the growth and yield of crops at varied field conditions. Hence, an experiment was conducted to develop a technique for the fast and homogeneous growth of kabuli chickpea seeds. The priming treatments evaluated in the present study enhanced the various seed quality parameters of kabuli chickpea significantly when compared to control. Hydro-priming for 4 hours (at 20°C) and air drying for 72 hours showed better results compared to rest of the treatments both in fresh seeds which recorded higher first count (66.38%), germination (92.50%) root length (11.85 cm), shoot length (6.16), mean seedling length (18.01), dry seedling weight (747 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1665), higher speed of emergence (0.3992) and old seeds with higher first count (61.88%), germination (74.13%) root length (8.15 cm), shoot length (5.85 cm), mean seedling length (14.00 cm), seedling dry weight (611 mg), seedling vigour index-I (1056), higher speed of emergence (0.3814). The aged seeds have recorded 29 % increase in germination percentage in contrast to 8 percent increases in fresh seeds. Kabuli chickpea seeds could be subjected to hydropriming, an affordable, alternative, and eco-friendly technique for improving seed and seedling vigour of kabuli chickpea.

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