scholarly journals Abortion and sex-related conditions in substance-dependent Brazilian patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Diehl ◽  
Sandra Cristina Pillon ◽  
Manoel Antonio dos Santos ◽  
Ronaldo Laranjeira
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
History Of

Abstract: Abortion is a very sensitive issue with relevance to public health; however few clinical or population-based studies have examined induced abortion among drug users. The study aims to evaluate the prevalence of induced abortion and sex-related conditions in an inpatient drug user sample. A cross-sectional design study was conducted in an inpatient addiction treatment unit in São Paulo, Brazil, with a sample of 616 patients, aged 18-75. Sociodemographic data, sexual behavior, and dependence severity were evaluated in relation to induced abortion. Approximately 27% of patients reported having a history of abortion (themselves in the case of women or partners in the case of men). The mean age was 34.6±10.9 years old, 34.9% diagnosed with severe alcohol dependence, 33% were diagnosed with severe levels of dependence on other drugs, 69.6% were diagnosed cocaine users (inhaled and smoked), and alcohol was the drug of choice for 30.4%. Chances of having a history of abortion is greater for women than for men with a odds ratio (OR = 2.9; 95%CI: 1.75-4.76), (OR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.09-2.75) of no condom use; (OR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.35-3.23) of history of STI and (OR = 3.2; 95%CI: 1.29-5.73) use of morning-after pill. Drug- and alcohol-dependent patients have high-risk behaviours of sporadic use or no-condom use which contribute to unplanned pregnancy and induced abortion, making this vulnerable population a group which deserves special attention in sexual health prevention programmes and health promotion efforts for the reduction of induced abortion.

scholarly journals Sexual Dysfunction and Sexual Behaviors in a Sample of Brazilian Male Substance Misusers

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Diehl ◽  
Sandra Cristina Pillon ◽  
Manoel Antônio dos Santos ◽  
G. Hussein Rassool ◽  
Ronaldo Laranjeira
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Addiction Treatment ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential relationship between self-reported sexual dysfunction, sexual behavior, and severity of addiction of drug users. A cross-sectional design study was conducted at an inpatient addiction treatment unit in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with a sample of 508 male drug users. Sociodemographic data, sexual behavior, and severity of dependence were evaluated.The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was 37.2% and premature ejaculation was 63.8%. Men with sexual dysfunction presented from moderate to severe level of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs of dependence. The findings from this study are particularly relevant identifying those sociodemographic factors, severity of drug use, and sexual behavior are related to men who experience sexual dysfunction. Health promotion and motivational interventions on sexual health targeted to male drug users can contribute in reducing these at-risk behaviors. More interdisciplinary research is desirable in future in considering men’s sexual health.

scholarly journals The association between subclinical hypothyroidism and TPOAb positivity with infertility in a population-based study: Tehran thyroid study (TTS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Batul Birjandi ◽  
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani ◽  
Atieh Amouzegar ◽  
Maryam Tohidi ◽  
Razieh Bidhendi Yarandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Autoimmunity ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Autoimmune Condition ◽  
Biochemical Measurements ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Abstract Background Thyroid autoimmunity(TAI) is the most prevalent autoimmune condition in women of fertile age. There are increasing data regarding the association of thyroid dysfunction and thyroid autoimmunity with adverse pregnancy outcomes but there is no consensus regarding infertility and TPOAb positivity; thus we aimed to evaluate the association between thyroid TPOAb positivity and infertility in females and males in a population-based study (TTS). Methods Cross-sectional study of 3197 female and male participants in Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS) at the framework of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Data included biochemical measurements and a self-administered questionnaire. Results A total of 12,823 cases in phase 4, 3719 cases (2108 female and 1611 male) were analyzed. The mean TSH of the infertile female and male was 2.52 ± 2.68 μIU/ml and 3.24 ± 10.26 μIU/ml respectively. The TPO median(IQR) of women with and without a history of infertility were 6.05 (3.30–13.96)and 6.04 (3.17–11.15);(P = 0.613), they were 5.08 (3.20–125.68) and 5.31 (3.93–125.68);(P = 0.490) in male participants, respectively. Results of crude and adjusted logistic regression analysis of the development of infertility by thyroid function and TPOAb, except for fT4 in male subjects, depicted no association between infertility and other variables in both crude and adjusted models. Conclusion Based on the result, thyroid autoimmunity was not associated with infertility in both females and males.

scholarly journals Subjective cognitive complaints at age 70: associations with amyloid and mental health

2021 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-325620
Author(s):  
Ivanna M. Pavisic ◽  
Kirsty Lu ◽  
Sarah E. Keuss ◽  
Sarah-Naomi James ◽  
Christopher A. Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Amyloid Pathology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Anxiety Depression

ObjectiveTo investigate subjective cognitive decline (SCD) in relation to β-amyloid pathology and to test for associations with anxiety, depression, objective cognition and family history of dementia in the Insight 46 study.MethodsCognitively unimpaired ~70-year-old participants, all born in the same week in 1946 (n=460, 49% female, 18% amyloid-positive), underwent assessments including the SCD-Questionnaire (MyCog). MyCog scores were evaluated with respect to 18F-Florbetapir-PET amyloid status (positive/negative). Associations with anxiety, depression, objective cognition (measured by the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite, PACC) and family history of dementia were also investigated. The informant’s perspective on SCD was evaluated in relation to MyCog score.ResultsAnxiety (mean (SD) trait anxiety score: 4.4 (3.9)) was associated with higher MyCog scores, especially in women. MyCog scores were higher in amyloid-positive compared with amyloid-negative individuals (adjusted means (95% CIs): 5.3 (4.4 to 6.1) vs 4.3 (3.9 to 4.7), p=0.044), after accounting for differences in anxiety. PACC (mean (SD) −0.05 (0.68)) and family history of dementia (prevalence: 23.9%) were not independently associated with MyCog scores. The informant’s perception of SCD was generally in accordance with that of the participant.ConclusionsThis cross-sectional study demonstrates that symptoms of SCD are associated with both β-amyloid pathology, and more consistently, trait anxiety in a population-based cohort of older adults, at an age when those who are destined to develop dementia are still likely to be some years away from symptoms. This highlights the necessity of considering anxiety symptoms when assessing Alzheimer’s disease pathology and SCD.

Drug use, injecting behaviors, and survival sex among street children and youths in Kathmandu valley, Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 588-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sampurna Kakchapati ◽  
Bishnu Shrestha ◽  
Dan Y Li ◽  
Rajesh Rajbhandari ◽  
Tarun Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Condom Use ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survival Sex ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disproportionate Number

A disproportionate number of street children use and inject drugs and engage in survival sex as coping mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of drug use, injecting drugs, survival sex, and condom use and determinants associated with these behaviors among street children. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 2016 with an aim to sample 350 street children and youths in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Information about sociodemographic characteristics, injecting drugs, sexual risk behaviors, and biological specimens for HIV testing were obtained. The logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants associated with drug use, injecting drugs, survival sex, and condom use during last sex. Variables that were significantly associated with being a current drug user (versus never) in the presence of other variables included being a rag picker (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.2; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.73–5.9), history of imprisonment (AOR = 2.21; 95% CI = 1.21–4.04), alcohol consumption (AOR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.46–4.84), and solvent sniffing (AOR = 5.12; 95% CI = 2.74–9.59). Variables that were significantly predictive of injecting drugs (versus never) in the presence of other variables include being 17 years old (AOR = 3.42; 95% CI = 1.11–10.55) and being a rag picker (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI = 1.25–9.75). Variables that were significantly associated with having survival sex (versus never) in the presence of other variables include being 17 years old (AOR = 3.58; 95% CI = 1.31–9.81) and having forced sex (AOR = 9.62; 95% CI = 3.21–28.8). Drug use and survival sex are major coping mechanisms among street children in Kathmandu Valley and are associated with many risk behaviors. Targeted programs should be implemented to meet their special needs.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN ADULT POPULATION OF HAYATABAD PESHAWAR

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 644-647
Author(s):  
SARA GUL ◽  
ATIF HUSSAIN ◽  
KASHIF UR REHMAN KHALIL ◽  
IMRANULLAH ◽  
MUHAMMAD ISHTIAQ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the common non communicable disease and is reported to beprevalent in 20% to 50% of the adult population, hypertension is one of the major contributor ofmortality and morbidity in developing and developed countries. The cross-sectional descriptive studywas formulated to find the prevalence and to assess different etiological factors of hypertension.MATERIAL & METHODS: This cross-sectional study among 400 adults of age 25-75 years wasconducted in months of June to December 2014 in Phase 5, Hayatabad Peshawar. A detailed structuredproforma having important questions was used to collect important data regarding various variables.RESULTS: Our study results showed that 22.75% of the study people were hypertensive i.e. 10.25% ofmales and 12.5% of females; and the prevalence of hypertension showed positive association withadvancing age. Out of all respondents; 60.25% were males while 39.75% were females; 28.5% weresmokers; 5.25% consume predominantly meat; 32.5% were obese & overweight; 36.75% checked theirB.P regularly; and 19.75% had positive history of hypertension in family.CONCLUSION: We conclude that hypertension prevalence was high among our study population andwas associated with various modifiable and non modifiable risk factors thus population based preventivestrategies are needed to control and prevent hypertension.KEY WORDS: Hypertension, Age, Diet, Smokers, Hayatabad, Peshawar.

scholarly journals Association between the use of free-of-charge intrauterine devices and a history of induced abortion: a retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Ulbricht ◽  
Angelika Beyer ◽  
Ulrich John
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Intrauterine Device ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Unemployment Benefits ◽  
Intrauterine Devices ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background To determine whether use of intrauterine device (IUD) is influenced by a history of induced abortion and the type of contraceptives used until costs are covered. Methods We analyzed data from 301 female residents in Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, an economically challenged community. The women, aged between 20 and 35 years, were entitled to receive unemployment benefits, and had access to free-of-charge oral contraceptives, ring or IUD. Cross-sectional data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results There were 112 (37.2%) women with a history of induced abortion, and 46 (15.3%) reported exclusively using less effective contraceptives (e.g. condoms). In a univariate logistic regression, use of an IUD was associated with a history of having had an induced abortion. Furthermore, uptake of an IUD was associated with women who had, until costs were covered, exclusively choice to use less effective contraceptives (OR = 3.281, 95% CI: 1.717; 6.273). Both associations remained significant in a multivariate model. Conclusions Free contraceptives provided to women receiving unemployment benefits may increase the use of IUDs, especially among those with a history of an induced abortion and those using less effective contraceptives.

scholarly journals Suicidal behaviour in postnatal mothers in northwestern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e027449
Author(s):  
Habte Belete ◽  
Eyaya Misgan
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Postnatal Care ◽  
Unplanned Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Postpartum Mothers

AimTo assess the prevalence and associated factors of suicidal behaviour (suicidal ideation, plan or suicide attempt) in postpartum mothers.MethodAn institutional cross-sectional study was employed from March to April 2017.SettingTwo primary health centres and one referral hospital in northwestern Ethiopia.ParticipantsA total of 1065 mothers aged ≥18 years during routine postnatal care were included and 988 of them completed the study. Those who were unable to communicate due to illness were not included.Outcome measureMothers who visit for routine postnatal care were assessed for suicidal behaviour using a suicidal screening tool. Logistic analysis was employed with adjusted OR (AOR) and 95% CI, and with p value less than 0.05 as the level of significance.ResultsThe prevalence of suicidal behaviour (suicidal ideation, plan or suicide attempt) was found at 14.0% (138/988) (95% CI 12.00 to 16.00) in postpartum mothers. Poor wealth of the mother (AOR=2.80, 95% CI 1.18 to 6.84), unplanned pregnancy of the current child (AOR=2.28, 95% CI 1.48 to 3.54), history of rape (AOR=2.26, 95% CI 1.42 to 3.61) and sickness of the new child (AOR=1.68, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.52) were significantly associated with suicidal behaviours.ConclusionSuicidal behaviour was found pretty high among postpartum mothers and was associated with poor wealth, unplanned pregnancy, history of rape and sickness of the new infant. It is recommended to screen mothers for possible suicidal behaviour during routine postnatal care.

scholarly journals Retrospective review of abdominal aortic aneurysm deaths in New Zealand: what proportion of deaths is potentially preventable by a screening programme in the contemporary setting?

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e027291
Author(s):  
Wing Cheuk Chan ◽  
Dean Papaconstantinou ◽  
Doone Winnard ◽  
Gary Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The People ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

ObjectivesTo describe the proportions of people dying from abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) who might have benefited from a formal screening programme for AAA.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional review of deaths.Setting and study populationsAll AAA deaths registered in New Zealand from 2010 to 2014 in the absence of a national AAA screening programme.Main outcome measuresKnown history of AAA prior to the acute event leading to AAA death, prognosis limiting comorbidities, history of prior abdominal imaging and a validated multimorbidity measure (M3-index scores).Results1094 AAA deaths were registered in the 5 years between 2010 and 2014 in New Zealand. Prior to the acute AAA event resulting in death, 31.3% of the cohort had a known AAA diagnosis, and 10.9% had a previous AAA procedure. On average, the AAA diagnosis was known 3.7 years prior to death. At least 77% of the people dying from AAA also had one or more other prognosis limiting diagnosis. The hazard of 1-year mortality associated with the non-AAA related comorbidities for the AAA cohort aged 65 or above were 1.5–2.6 times higher than to the age matched general population based on M3-index scores. In 2014, overall AAA deaths accounted for only 0.7% of total deaths, and 1.0% of deaths among men aged 65 or above in New Zealand. At most, 20% of people dying from AAA in New Zealand between 2010 and 2014 might have had the potential to derive full benefit from a screening programme. About 51% of cases would have derived no or very limited benefit from a screening programme.ConclusionFalling AAA mortality, and high prevalence of competing comorbidities and/or prior AAA diagnosis and procedure raises the question about the likely value of a national AAA screening programme in a country such as New Zealand.

scholarly journals Determinants of Restrictive Spirometric Pattern in a Sub-Saharan Urban Setting: A Cross-sectional Population-based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Walter Pefura-Yone ◽  
Adamou Dodo Balkissou ◽  
Andre Pascal Kengne
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Control ◽  
Restrictive Pattern

Background Restrictive spirometric pattern is a risk factor for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Objective We assessed the prevalence of restrictive pattern and investigated its determinants in a major sub-Saharan Africa city. Methods Participants were adults (≥ 19 years) who took part in a population-based survey in Yaounde (Cameroon) between December 2013 and April 2014. Restrictive pattern was based on a FVC below the lower limit of the normal (LLN) and a ratio forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/FVC ≥ LLN (LLN-based restrictive pattern) or a FVC <80% and FEV1/FVC ≥ LLN (fixed cut-off based restrictive pattern). Determinants were investigated by logistic regressions. Results In all, 1003 participants [514 (51.2%) women] with a mean age of 33.7 years were included. The prevalence of restrictive pattern was 18.8% (95%CI: 16.6-21.2) based on LLN and 15.0% (13.0-17.2) based on fixed cut-off. LLN-based restrictive pattern was mild in 148 (78.3%) subjects, moderate in 35 (18.5%) and severe in 6 (3.2%). Determinants of LLN-based restrictive pattern were age ≥ 60 years [adjusted odds ratio 2.90 (95%CI 1.46-5.77), p=0.002), history of pulmonary tuberculosis [3.81(1.42-10.20), p=0.008], prevalent heart diseases [3.81 (1.20-12.12), p=0.024] and underweight [5.15(1.30-20.39), p=0.020]. Determinants were largely similar with slightly different effect sizes for fixed cut-off based restrictive pattern. Conclusion Restrictive pattern was very frequent in this city. Clinical implications These results enhance the needs to increase the efforts to prevent and control tuberculosis, cardiovascular diseases and underweight in this setting.

Treponemal infection rates, risk factors and pregnancy outcome in a rural area of Senegal

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Lagarde ◽  
Emmanuelle Guyavarch ◽  
Jean-Pierre Piau ◽  
AÏssatou Gueye-Ndiaye ◽  
Karim Seck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treponemal Infection ◽  
Active Syphilis

A rural population of east Senegal has been under demographic surveillance for more than 30 years and a high rate of infertility has been reported. The aim of the study is to describe HIV and treponemal infection epidemiology and association with outcome of pregnancy in a population of rural Senegal. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 952 randomly-selected adults of a rural community of Senegal. No participant was found to be infected with HIV, 11% had evidence of past syphilis and 5% of active syphilis. Active syphilis was associated among men with age, long-term mobility and having partners in an urban area in the last 12 months and among women with being divorced or widowed. No association was found between past or active syphilis and abortion or stillbirth but women aged 40 and more with past or active syphilis were significantly more likely to have had no history of gestation than women with no evidence of syphilis infection. In conclusion our results call for more research to understand the epidemiology of treponemal infection and to elucidate types of Treponema pallidum involved.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document