Oxygen introduction during extraction and the improvement of antioxidant activity of essential oils of basil, lemon and lemongrass

ABSTRACT: Essential oil extraction is commonly carried out by using the hydrodistillation method, which is described in official compendia of food quality control and medicinal plants. Despite the widespread use of this method, few studies have evaluated the effect of the atmosphere change during extraction on the composition and antioxidant activity of essentials oils. Therefore, a study of oxygen introduction influence during the extraction of essential oils from basil, lemongrass and lemon by hydrodistillation was performed. Total amount of oxygenated compounds (e.g., linalool, camphor, α-terpineol, neral, geranial, eugenol and α-muurolol) increased for all essential oils extracted under oxygen flow. Antioxidant activity evaluated by using the ORAC method significantly increased (P<0.0001) with oxygen from 618 to 906, 355 to 613 and 72 to 262µmol Trolox g-1 oil for basil, lemongrass and lemon, respectively. Therefore, the simple modification proposed could be considered a suitable alternative to obtain essential oils with higher antioxidant activity.

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Phytoncide action of essential oils of medicinal plants on the causative agents of broad beans alternariosis and cladosporiosis

VEGETABLE CROPS OF RUSSIA ◽

10.18619/2072-9146-2020-3-73-76 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 73-76

Author(s):

Yu. N. Kurkina

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Lavandula Officinalis

Relevance. The use of chemical fungicides in protecting plants from pathogens is the most common way, despite the proven danger of pesticides. The use of biofungicides based on essential oils of medicinal plants, which also have phytoncidal properties, can be a suitable alternative to chemical preparations. In the years favorable for the development of alternariosis or cladosporiosis, spots appear on the plants, leading to necrosis and significant loss of seed productivity. Therefore, the search for new effective and safe means of combating fungal phytopathogens becomes relevant.Methods. Alternaria alternata (2018-1.1) and Cladosporium cladosporioides (2019-11.4) strains were isolated from leaves with signs of alternariosis and cladosporiosis, on which the essential oils Abies alba, Artemisia vulgaris, Caryophyllus aromaticus, Coriandrum sativum, Lavandula officinalis, Ocimum basilicum, Pimpinella anisum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia sclarea, Thymus vulgaris. The antifungal activity of essential oils was evaluated by comparing the diameter of the experimental (with the addition of essential oil to the Petri dish) and control colonies using the author’s scale.Results. All studied essential oils had antifungal properties, but species-specificity was observed. Essential oils of basil, coriander and thyme showed a fungicidal effect on C. cladosporioides and A. alternata. Lavender oil proved to be a fungicide for A. alternata and a strong fungistatic for C. cladosporioides. To create biological products for plant protection against alternariosis, sage essential oil (moderate fungistatic effect) may also be of interest, and cladosporiosis - anise and rosemary oils.

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Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Ziziphora ‎clinopodiodes essential oil eluted at different times

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407216999200507122039 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Mojgan Alizadeh ◽

Akram Arianfar ◽

Ameneh Mohammadi

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Essential Oil Composition ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Citronellic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial And Antioxidant Activity

Objective: Ziziphora clinopodioides is an edible medicinal plant belongs to the Labiatae family that widespread all over Iran. It used as culinary and also in cold and cough treatments in Iran. The aim of present work was to evaluate the effect of different timeframes during the hydrodistillation on essential oil composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: The essential oil of Z. clinopodiodes was extracted via hydrodistillation with Clevenger apparatus. The fractions of essential oil were captured at 6 times from the beginning of the distillation: (10, 20, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min). The fractions of essential oil were analyzed by GC/MS and their antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities were studied by Disk - well diffusion and DPPH methods respectively. Results: Six distillation times and whole essential oil were captured during the hydrodistillation. Essential oil yield dropped off significantly during distillation progressed (1.0% for 10 min and 0.025 for 240 min). 1,8 Cineol, Isomenthone, Pulegone, Piperitenone and Citronellic acid were major compounds in fractions and they were affected by distillation times. Pulegone was major compound in all of essential oils. In antioxidant activity assay, whole essential oil was stronger than was stronger than positive control and fractions of essential oil, because of higher levels of Isomenthone, Piperitenone and Citronellic acid. Strongest antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans was observed from 10 min fraction. Conclusion: Our results indicated that distillation time can create essential oils with specific properties and we can achieve to more efficient essential oil in short times.

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Manufacturing Process for Extracting Essential Oils from White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) by Hydrodistillation Technique

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.298.89 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 298 ◽

pp. 89-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thien Hien Tran ◽

Thi To Quyen Ngo ◽

Thi Kim Ngan Tran ◽

Tri Duc Lam ◽

Tan Phat Dao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Distillation Process ◽

White Pepper ◽

Oil Performance

Vietnam is the world's leading country in growing and producing pepper trees. In this study, we attempted the optimization of white pepper essential oil extraction. The obtained oil was then subject to determination of constituent composition via GC-MS method. The essential oil performance achieved 3.6% by hydro-distillation process with optimal conditions (25 grams of fresh pepper, size 18, 120 minutes extraction, 130°C). A total of 23 volatile constituents were identified from the white pepper essential oil, with the major components being 27.4% of Limonene, 3-Carene 22,928%, Sabinene 17,622%, β-pinene 10.068%, α-Pinene 5.426%.

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The Volatile Phytochemistry of Seven Native American Aromatic Medicinal Plants

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1061

Author(s):

Sims K. Lawson ◽

Prabodh Satyal ◽

William N. Setzer

Keyword(s):

Native American ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Palmitic Acid ◽

Methyl Salicylate ◽

Chromatographic Techniques ◽

Germacrene D ◽

First Time ◽

Gaultheria Procumbens

As part of our evaluation of essential oils derived from Native American medicinal plants, we have obtained the essential oils of Agastache foeniculum (Pursch) Kuntze (Lamiaceae), Gaultheria procumbens L. (Ericaceae), Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet (Asteraceae), Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. (Asteraceae), Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. (Lamiaceae), Smallanthus uvedalia (L.) Mack. ex Mack. (Asteraceae), and Verbena hastata L. (Verbenaceae) by hydrodistillation. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatographic techniques. The essential oil of A. foeniculum was dominated by estragole (88–93%), while methyl salicylate (91%) dominated the G. procumbens essential oil. Germacrene D was the major component in H. helianthoides (42%) and L. spicata (24%). 1,8-Cineole (31%) and α-terpineol (17%) were the main compounds in P. incanum essential oil. The essential oil of S. uvedalia showed α-pinene (24%), perillene (15%), and β-caryophyllene (17%) as major components. Verbena hastata essential oil was rich in 1-octen-3-ol (up to 29%) and palmitic acid (up to 22%). Four of these essential oils, H. helianthoides, L. spicata, P. incanum, and V. hastata, are reported for the first time. Additionally, the enantiomeric distributions of several terpenoid components have been determined.

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Phytochemical Screening And Evaluation Of The Antioxidant Activity Of Essential Oil Of Pistacia Atlantica Harvested From The Ouled Brahim Region, Saida; Algeria

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.8(6).p202-206 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 202-206

Author(s):

Attou Fatima ◽

Terras Mohamed ◽

Ammam Abdelkader ◽

Tabet Aouel Faiza

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Plant Material ◽

Local Population ◽

Traditional Healers ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Phytochemical Study ◽

Antioxidant Power

The knowledge of traditional healers o en represents a basis for the pharmacological and phytochemical inves ga on of naturals medicaments. This work aims for the phytochemical study and evaluation of the antioxidant activity of essential oils of medicinal plant Pistacia atlantica.Through the results obtained, it appears that the leaves are rich in substances with a high antioxidant power. For essential oils, it is 0.24 % for 100 g of plant material. And the phytochemical screening of the plant showed the presence of tannins, resins, coumarins, terpenoids and flavonoids, and absence of saponins. The strong antioxidant activity of extracts obtained only confirms the traditional use of this plant by the local population.

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Effect of Microwave Treatment on the Profile of Volatile Compounds and Characteristics of White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) Essential Oil

AGROSAINSTEK Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pertanian ◽

10.33019/agrosainstek.v5i1.236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 54-63

Author(s):

Atma Elfahdi - Elfahdi

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Water Content ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Microwave Treatment ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Hammer Mill ◽

White Pepper ◽

Cell Tissue

Microwave treatment on white pepper was conducted to damage cell tissue to facilitate the distillation and increase the yield of essential oils. The research objective was to determine the effect of pepper varieties and microwave treatment on the profiles of volatile compounds and the characteristics of white pepper essential oils. The research was conducted with 50 grams of white pepper placed into a 15 cm diameter petri dish and put in a microwave oven at the power of 600 watts for 90 seconds then white pepper milled by hammer mill. Essential oils were obtained using the water distillation method then were tested for their characteristics and compounds using Gas chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). White pepper was analyzed using the water content, piperine content, and its cell tissue microstructure was analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results showed that different pepper as accession produced different profiles of volatile compounds, characteristics, and antioxidant activity (p<0.05). The number of volatile compounds of white pepper essential oils identified by GC-MS was 42, where the largest compound was β-caryophyllene (50.51%). Microwave treatment damaged the cell wall of white pepper, lowered water content (17.43%), increased piperine content (10.57%) and essential oil yield (25%), and changed the profiles of volatile compounds of essential oils of Lampung daun lebar accession. Color became bluer (b*value rises by 201.99%), increased specific gravity (1.27%) and antioxidant activity (7.4%), decreased solubility in 95% ethanol (17.95%) and acid number (20.8%) while the refractive index was not affected by pepper accessions and microwave treatment.

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Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and biological properties of essential oils

International Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12043 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 9-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amir Hossein Saeidnejad ◽

Peyman Rajaei

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Ancient Times ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Oil Repellent

Essential oils constitute a heterogeneous collection of chemical compounds. Their main characteristics are that they all synthesized by plants and are volatile and mostly soluble in ethanol. They have traditionally been obtained from plants and they have been widely used for insecticidal, medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Essential oils contains about 20–60 components at quite different concentrations and they are characterized by two or three major components at fairly high concentrations. Lately, the essential oils and various extracts of plants have gained special interest as sources of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents because of the resistance to antibiotics that some microorganisms have acquired and the possible toxicities of the synthetic antioxidants. Spices consumed daily in different types of food to improve flavors, since ancient times, are well known for their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. During recent decades, numerous numbers of plants have been monitored for their possible role as repellents and insecticides. In this review, the chemical composition profile of some important medicinal plants was evaluated, then antimicrobial properties of a number of essential oils was compared. Antioxidant activity of some essential oils was also considered. Finally, essential oil repellent properties an an important characteristics was evaluated. Further investigation for available data related to the other biological properties of medicinal plants essential oil is recommended.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12043 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 9-13

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Thymus algeriensis and Artemisia herba-alba Essential Oils: Chemical Analysis, Antioxidant Potential and In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic Activities, and Acute Toxicity

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26226780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (22) ◽

pp. 6780

Author(s):

Khadija El Ouahdani ◽

Imane Es-safi ◽

Hamza Mechchate ◽

Mohammed Al-zahrani ◽

Ashraf Ahmed Qurtam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radical ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Iron Reduction ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Bioactive Molecules ◽

Potential Toxicity ◽

Thymus Algeriensis ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The study of bioactive molecules of natural origin is a focus of current research. Thymus algeriensis and Artemisia herba-alba are two medicinal plants widely used by the Moroccan population in the traditional treatment of several pathologies linked to inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the single and combined antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the essential oils extracted from these two medicinal plants, and also their potential toxicity. Essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by two methods: the scavenging of the free radical DPPH, and the reduction in iron. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by evaluating the edema development induced by carrageenan injecting, while the analgesic power was evaluated according to the number of abdominal contortions induced by the intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid (0.7%). The acute oral toxicity was performed to assess the potential toxicity of the studied EOs, followed by an analysis of the blood biochemical parameters. The results of the two antioxidant tests indicated that our extract mixture exhibits good iron reduction capacity and very interesting DPPH free radical scavenging power, with an IC50 of around 4.38 ± 0.98 μg/mL higher than that of the benchmark antioxidant, BHT. The anti-inflammatory test demonstrated that the mixture administered orally at a dose of 150 mg/kg has a better activity, exceeding that of 1% Diclofenac, with a percentage of maximum inhibition of the edema of 89.99 ± 4.08. The number of cramps in the mice treated with the mixture at a dose of 150 mg/kg is significantly lower (29.80 ± 1.92) than those of the group treated with Tramadol (42.00 ± 2.70), respectively. The toxicity results show no signs of toxicity with an LD50 greater than 150 mg/Kg. These interesting results show that the two plants’ EOs had an important anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activity, and also a powerful synergistic effect, which encourages further in-depth investigations on their pharmacological proprieties.

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Development of bioactive/active additives based on essential oils: A review

Medicinal Plant Communications ◽

10.37360/mpc.20.3.4.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 60-67

Author(s):

Jessica Alarcón-Moyano ◽

◽

Silvia Matiacevich ◽

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

The Other ◽

Wall Material ◽

Oil Oxidation ◽

Active Additive ◽

Wall Materials ◽

Selection For

The use of bioactive/active additives has been increasing in recent years, especially those derived from medicinal plants such as essential oils. However, due to essential oil oxidation it is necessary to protect it by encapsulation techniques such as: emulsion, spray- and/or freeze-drying as the most economical techniques. On the other hand, an important factor is to determine the appropriate wall material to obtain a prolonged or controlled release in the food or in the organism. Therefore, several factors affect the release of the compounds such as the type, amount of wall material and/or combination of wall materials. Therefore, the knowledge of all the aforementioned factors is important in order to make an adequate selection for the development of a bioactive/active additive based on essential oils.

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Comparative Study of the Chemical Profiles of the Essential Oils of Ripe and Rotten Fruits of Citrus Aurantifolia Swingle

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x0800300718 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anthony J. Afolayan ◽

Olayinka T. Asekun

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Oil Extraction ◽

The Other ◽

Ripe Fruit ◽

Citrus Aurantifolia ◽

Linalool Oxide ◽

Chemical Profiles ◽

Fruit Oil

Most often during the processing of lime fruits for essential oil extraction, rotten fruits are used along with ripe ones. In this study, we examine the volatile constituents of the essential oils from both ripe and rotten lime fruits (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) from Nigeria. The oils were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC-MS. The ripe and rotten lime oils contained 55 and 49 components, respectively. Both oils were rich in limonene (21.0%, ripe lime; 21.3% rotten lime), α-terpineol (11.7%, ripe; 14.1%, rotten), terpinene (8.3%, ripe; 8.9% rotten lime), α–terpinolene (2.5%, ripe; 8.5%, rotten) and ( E)-α-farnesene (6.3% ripe lime; 4.8% rotten lime). The other major components, α-pinene (11.1%), and linalool (5.5%) were identified in ripe lime oil only. Limonene and citral, which are believed to be the two major citrus odour contributors, were present in both ripe and rotten lime oils. Aldehydes like decanal and the farnesenes, which are also important in citrus flavor, were represented in both lime oils. Some notable components of ripe lime fruit oil, like trans-β-ocimene, linalool, myrcenol, dodecanal, trans-β–bergamotene and trans-γ–bisabolene, were absent in the rotten fruit oil. It could be suggested that some compounds like cis-ocimene, trans-linalool oxide, p-mentha-3-en-1-ol, mentha-1,4,8-triene, citronellal, trans- β–bergamotene and α–copaene, which were not identified in the ripe fruit oil, were introduced into the lime oil by the incorporation of rotten fruits in the distilled samples.

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