scholarly journals Production of Urban Space and the occurrence of malaria in the Brazilian Amazon: the Porto Velho case

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 4263-4274
Author(s):  
Renata Duarte Marques ◽  
Jussara Rafael Angelo ◽  
Alzemar Alves de Lima ◽  
Trevon Fuller ◽  
Christovam Barcellos

Abstract Due to intense ongoing urbanization in the Amazon, the urban pattern of malaria may be changing, both in its spatial distribution and epidemiological profile. The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the process of production of urban space in Porto Velho, the capital of the state of Rondonia, Brazil has contributed to the occurrence and maintenance of urban malaria. Using data collected from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance System (SIVEP-Malaria), we calculated malaria indices for the districts of Porto Velho from 2005 to 2018. We also developed two typologies for classifying urban space based on functional characteristics and features of the landscape. While the former considers characteristics of urban space in Porto Velho, the latter is based on suitability for malaria vectors. We found that the annual parasite index declined in Porto Velho during the study period. However, changes in the index were not uniform across the districts of the city. Periurban areas showed no decline in the index, which we attribute to these areas’ high vegetation density and hydrological characteristics.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
NOELY DE CARVALHO LEITE ◽  
Jordana Lucio Garcia ◽  
Itamar Magalhães Gonçalves

RESUMO A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é uma antropozoonose generalizada, de evolução crônica e sistêmica, que, apesar de ser passível de tratamento e cura, possui elevadas taxas de incidência e letalidade. Tipicamente, afeta países subdesenvolvidos, com uma preferência pela população mais vulnerável socioeconomicamente, e possui ampla distribuição territorial, sendo o Brasil um dos principais países acometidos. Objetivo: analisar dados epidemiológicos da doença no país no período estabelecido. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, realizado a partir de busca de dados de acesso livre do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação no período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2017. Resultados e discussões: No intervalo em questão, foram documentados 40.786 casos de LV, com uma variação pouco heterogênea entre os anos estudados. Destes, 2011 registrou o maior número de casos, contando com 4.039 registros. As populações mais afetadas incluem: sexo masculino (média de 2.362 casos/ano), faixa etária de 1-4 anos (média de 978 casos/ano), raça parda (média de 2.750 casos/ano) e baixa escolaridade – a maioria entre a primeira e a quarta série (média de 405 casos/ano). Além disso, excluindo-se os casos ignorados/brancos, 10% do total dos indivíduos apresentaram coinfecção da LV com HIV. A região Nordeste demonstrou maior incidência da doença, com 52,7% do total dos casos. O principal estado atingido é o Maranhão, que apresentou um número de 6.070 casos durante o período estudado. Conclusão: Considerando a relevância do alto número de casos apontados nesse trabalho, mostra-se necessária a implantação de políticas públicas voltadas para a prevenção da transmissão, busca ativa de casos e educação em saúde. Nesse quadro, para maior eficácia, deve existir integração entre vigilância epidemiológica e assistência clínica, acesso aos serviços, capacitação dos profissionais e empoderamento da população. Palavras-chave: Leishmaniose visceral; Epidemiologia; Doenças Negligenciadas; Zoonose. ABSTRACT Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a generalised anthropozoonosis whose evolution is chronic and systemic, with high rates of incidence and mortality, even though it can be treated and cured. VL typically occurs in non-developed countries and affects preferentially the most socioeconomically vulnerable population. Brazil is one of the most affected countries from this disease. Objective: To analyse the epidemiological data on VL in Brazil regarding the study period. Methods: This is a descriptive epidemiological study using data obtained from the Brazilian Case Registry Database corresponding to the period between January 2007 and December 2017. Results: A total of 40,786 cases of VL were recorded for the study period, with slightly heterogeneous variation among the years. The highest number of cases stood at 4,039 in the year of 2011. The most affected populations were men (mean of 2,362 cases/year), children in the age group of 1-4 years (mean of 978 cases/year), Afro-descendant individuals (mean of 2,750 cases/year) and those with low educational level, that is, first to fourth year of elementary school (mean of 405 cases /year). Moreover, not considering the ignored/blank cases, 10% of all individuals were co-infected with HIV. The Brazilian north-eastern region has the highest incidence of the disease, with 52.7% of all cases. The State of Maranhão is the most affected as there were 6,070 cases in the study period. Conclusion: Considering the high number of cases of VL found in the present study, it is necessary to implement public policies aimed at preventing the transmission of the disease, actively seeking cases and providing health education. In this context, there should be integration among epidemiological surveillance, clinical care, access to services, qualification of professionals and empowerment of population. Key-words: Visceral leishmaniasis; Epidemiology; Neglected diseases; Zoonoses.


2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s74-s74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Dal Ponte ◽  
Daniela Burguez ◽  
Giordanna Andrioli

Introduction:In the first months of 2018, there was an increase in the number of cases of fever possibly related to toxoplasmosis in the city of Santa Maria, Brazil, reaching significant values. Toxoplasmosis is an autoimmune acute infection usually asymptomatic in 80-90% of immunocompetent adults. In this outbreak, the intensity of the symptoms presented warrants attention.Objective:To report cases of the toxoplasmosis outbreak in the city of Santa Maria, Brazil.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study using data on the outbreak of toxoplasmosis in Santa Maria published in bulletins by the Municipal Health Department of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Results:The outbreak of toxoplasmosis in Santa Maria was confirmed on April 19, 2018. Until June 14, 2018, 510 cases were confirmed. According to the most recent bulletin released by the State Health Department on June 8, 2018, 441 occurrences are people residing in Santa Maria. Five are residents of the districts and seven cases are patients residing in neighboring counties. In a bulletin published on May 25, 2018, 1,116 cases were reported to state epidemiological surveillance by the end of May. Of these, 766 cases were still suspected (fever, headache and/or myalgia accompanied by lymphadenopathy, weakness, arthralgia, or change in vision. In the other 460 cases, there was laboratory confirmation of acute toxoplasmosis, of which 35 were pregnant, with two fetal deaths (36 and 28 weeks), and two abortions. There are also 212 cases still pending laboratory confirmation.Discussion:The results of this research show that the current outbreak of toxoplasmosis in the city of Santa Maria, Brazil, is the largest reported in Brazil and appears to be the largest in the world. The notification to authorities by physicians was very important for the identification of this outbreak.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-248
Author(s):  
Luana Rosso ◽  
Mariá Vaz Franco Martins ◽  
Maria Tereza Soratto ◽  
Ivanir Prá da Silva Thomé ◽  
Rozilda Lopes de Souza

A sífilis é uma doença infecciosa sistêmica de evolução crônica e muitas vezes assintomática, transmitida principalmente por via sexual e vertical. O estudo em questão trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, retrospectivo, descritivo de natureza quantitativa e documental, a coleta de dados se deu no Programa de Atenção Municipal as DST/HIV/AIDS (PAMDHA) do município de Criciúma, através de pesquisa documental com base nos dados da Vigilância Epidemiológico do SINAN com o objetivo de investigar os casos de sífilis congênita no município. Através da pesquisa pode-se perceber que entre os anos de 2015 e 2016 constatou 3,7% do total de casos pesquisados chegaram a óbito, dos RN nascidos com sífilis 51,9% foram assintomáticos e 3,8% sintomáticos, os demais não apresentaram características. Do total de gestantes, 66,6% realizou pré-natal e foram diagnosticadas a partir do mesmo, possibilitando o tratamento. Para que haja uma menor prevalência de casos de sífilis é necessário que os profissionais da saúde adotem, além das políticas públicas já disponíveis outros hábitos que levem ao alcance de todas as classes de gestantes, para evitar mais casos de sífilis.Palavras-chave: Gestantes. Sífilis Congênita. Recém-Nascidos. Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. CONGENITAL SYPHILIS: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE IN THE CITY OF CRICIÚMA ABSTRACT: Syphilis is a systemic infectious disease of chronic evolution and often asymptomatic, transmitted mainly through sexual and vertical. The study in question it is a cross-sectional study, retrospective, descriptive quantitative and documentary nature, data collection took place in the Attention the Municipal STD/HIV/AIDS (PAMDHA) of the city of Criciúma, through documentary research based on Epidemiological Surveillance data from SINAN aiming to investigate the cases of congenital syphilis in the municipality. Through research you can notice that between the years 2015 and 2016 found 3.7% of total cases surveyed came to death, the RN born with syphilis 51.9% 3.8% were asymptomatic and symptomatic, the others did not show characteristics. Of the total of 66.6% pregnant women, prenatal and conducted were diagnosed from the same, allowing the treatment. So there is a lower prevalence of syphilis cases is necessary that health professionals adopt, in addition to the already available public policies other habits that lead to reach of all classes of pregnant women, to prevent more cases of syphilis.Keywords: Pregnant women. Congenital Syphilis. Newborns. Sexually Transmitted Infections.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-276
Author(s):  
Cintia De Cordes de Souza ◽  
Ivanir Prá da Silva Thomé ◽  
Neiva Juncks Hoepers ◽  
Ana Regina da Silva Losso ◽  
Silvia Salvador do Prado

Estudo retrospectivo, de natureza exploratória, com abordagem quantitativa, tendo como objetivo descrever o perfil epidemiológico das pessoas com diagnóstico de sífilis adquirida, no período de 2012 a 2016, no município de Criciúma - SC. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados secundárias do Ministério da Saúde (MS), no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). A amostra foi constituída por 100% das notificações confirmadas de Sífilis Adquirida (CID-A53.9) e Sífilis em Gestante (CID-O98.1), no período compreendido entre os anos de 2012 a 2016, em pessoas residentes no município de Criciúma (SC). Caracterizou-se o perfil epidemiológico das pessoas segundo sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade, ocupação e raça, conhecer a classificação clínica da sífilis e identificar se o parceiro foi tratado nos casos de sífilis em gestante e em que momento foi dado o diagnóstico. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com o uso dos programas TABWIN/TABNET e Excel. Foram analisados 552 casos de sífilis adquirida e 108 de sífilis em gestantes. Faixa etária predominante foi entre 20-29 anos; a maioria dos casos predominou no sexo masculino (n); o maior número de notificação foi no serviço de referência. Em relação à escolaridade, os maiores números se encontram no ensino fundamental incompleto. Raça predominante foi à branca e a ocupação foi do lar. O município possui boa qualidade no registro das informações, porem rede de atenção básica é deficitária, se faz necessários processos educativos com as equipes e com a população para maior conscientização.Palavras-chave: Sífilis. Vigilância epidemiológica. Saúde pública. ABSTRACT: Retrospective study, exploratory in nature, with a quantitative approach, aiming to describe the epidemiological profile of the people diagnosed with syphilis acquired in the period from 2012 to 2016, in the municipality of Criciúma - SC. Used secondary data bases of the Ministry of health (MS), in the information system of reportable diseases (SINAN). The sample consisted of 100% confirmed notifications of Acquired Syphilis (CID-53.9) and syphilis in pregnant women (CID-98.1), in the period from 2012 to 2016, in people living in the city of Criciúma (SC). Featured the epidemiological profile of the people according to gender, age, education, occupation and race, meet the clinical classification of syphilis and identify if the partner was treated in cases of syphilis in pregnant women and in that moment was given the diagnosis. The data were statistically analyzed with the use of the TABWIN programs/TABNET and Excel. 552 were analyzed cases of syphilis acquired and 108 of syphilis in pregnant women. Predominant age group was between 20-29 years; most cases predominated in males; the largest number of notification was in the referral service. With regard to education, the largest numbers are in elementary school. Predominant race was white and the occupation was. The municipality has good quality in the registry of the information, but the basic attention network is deficient, necessary educational processes with teams and with the population to greater awareness.Keywords: Neurosyphilis. Epidemiological Surveillance. Public Health.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khangelani Moyo

Drawing on field research and a survey of 150 Zimbabwean migrants in Johannesburg, this paper explores the dimensions of migrants’ transnational experiences in the urban space. I discuss the use of communication platforms such as WhatsApp and Facebook as well as other means such as telephone calls in fostering the embedding of transnational migrants within both the Johannesburg and the Zimbabwean socio-economic environments. I engage this migrant-embedding using Bourdieusian concepts of “transnational habitus” and “transnational social field,” which are migration specific variations of Bourdieu’s original concepts of “habitus” and “social field.” In deploying these Bourdieusian conceptual tools, I observe that the dynamics of South–South migration as observed in the Zimbabwean migrants are different to those in the South–North migration streams and it is important to move away from using the same lens in interpreting different realities. For Johannesburg-based migrants to operate within the socio-economic networks produced in South Africa and in Zimbabwe, they need to actively acquire a transnational habitus. I argue that migrants’ cultivation of networks in Johannesburg is instrumental, purposive, and geared towards achieving specific and immediate goals, and latently leads to the development and sustenance of flexible forms of permanency in the transnational urban space.


2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Riza Syahputera ◽  
Martha Rianty

AbstractThis study aims to determine the effect of the role of the Chairperson and Cooperative Manager in the preparation and application of Financial Statements based on SAK ETAP in cooperatives in the city of Palembang. This research is a quantitative study using data obtained from questionnaires and measured using a Likert scale. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The sample used in this study was the Chairperson of the cooperative and the manager of the cooperative in the city of Palembang. The cooperatives studied were 203 cooperatives. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression test. The results showed that the role of cooperative leaders and managers had a significant positive effect on the preparation and application of SAK ETAP-based financial statements.Keywords : chairman, manager, SAK ETAP, cooperative


2020 ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Marta Zambrzycka ◽  
Paulina Olechowska

The subject of the article is an analysis of the three aspects of depicting urban space of Eastern Ukraine, focusing specifi cally on the Donbass region and the city of Kharkov as depicted in the novels Voroshilovgrad (2010) and Mesopotamia (2014) by Serhiy Zhadan. The urban space of Eastern Ukraine overlaps with the most important values that shape a person’s personality and aff ect her or his self-identifi cation. The city space is also a “place of memory” and experiences of generations that infl uence current events. In addition to the historical and axiological dimension, the imaginative aspect of space is also important. This approach is used by the author to describe the urban space as a functioning imagination or stereotypes associated with it as opposed to its realistic depiction.


REVISTA FIMCA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Amanda Leite Silva Cabral ◽  
Flávia Peres Lima ◽  
Jéssica Iara Costa Bessa Paraguassú

Introdução: A afasia é uma das sequelas mais importantes que ocorrem após lesão cerebral de acidente vascular encefálico (AVE). Objetivos: Identificar o perfil da linguagem oral de pacientes com AVE, atendidos pelo Serviço Assistencial Multidisciplinar Domiciliar (SAMD) na cidade de Porto Velho – RO. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e quantitativo, realizado na residência dos pacientes que estavam sendo atendidos pelo SAMD. Onde foi utilizado o protocolo de Teste de Reabilitação das Afasias composto inicialmente de um questionário que foi aplicados com os familiares dos pacientes para coletar dados quanto ao AVE e os Testes de Comunicação Oral para avaliar dos pacientes. Resultados: Foram avaliados 11 sujeitos com AVE e oito sujeitos apresentaram afasia emissiva do tipo Broca (100%) com presença de agramatismo e anomia (87,5%), e déficit na organização da comunicação e na memória (100%). Referente à etiologia do AVE, verificou-se que 62,5% dos sujeitos apresentaram etiologia decorrente de hipertensão, com tempo de sequelas com tempo entre um ano menos e a três anos (37,5%). Todos os sujeitos (100%) eram muito falantes antes do AVE, porem 50% continuaram muito falantes após o AVE e os outros 50% se tornaram pouco falantes. Conclusão: Os resultados evidenciam que a maioria dos sujeitos apresentaram afasia emissiva do tipo Broca, em decorrência de Acidente Vascular Encefálico Isquêmico tendo como fator etiológico a hipertensão. Desencadeando alterações de linguagem como anomia e agramatismo, afetando ainda suas habilidades de comunicação como a memória e a organização da linguagem. Introduction: Aphasia is one of the most important sequels that occur after brain injury from stroke. Objectives: To identify the oral language profile of patients with stroke, assisted by the Multidisciplinary Home Care Service (SAMD) in the city of Porto Velho - RO. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and quantitative study carried out at the residence of the patients who were being treated by the SAMD. Where the Aphasia Rehabilitation Test protocol was used, composed initially of a questionnaire that was applied with the relatives of the patients to collect data regarding the AVE and the Oral Communication Tests to evaluate the patients. Results: Eleven subjects with EVA were evaluated, and eight subjects presented Embryonic Emphasis of Broca type (100%) with presence of agramatism and anomia (87.5%), and deficits in the organization of communication and memory (100%). Regarding the etiology of the AVE, 62.5% of the subjects presented etiology due to hypertension, with sequelae time between one year less and three years (37.5%). All subjects (100%) were very talented before the AVE, but 50% remained very talented after the AVE and the other 50% became less talkative. Conclusion: The results show that most of the subjects presented Embryonic Emphasis of the Broca type, due to Ischemic Stroke, having as etiologic factor hypertension. Unleashing language changes such as anomie and agramatism, still affecting his communication skills as memory and the organization of language.


GEOgraphia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ângelo Ribeiro

O objetivo que permeia a presente pesquisa é utilizar a Fortaleza de Santa Cruz, localizada no bairro de Jurujuba, em Niterói, construída em 1555, na entrada da barra da Baía de Guanabara, como foco de antílise, ressaltando a importância deste fixo social enquanto atração turística e de lazer, incluindo a cidade de Niterói no circuito destas atividades, complementares à cidade do Rio de Janeiro; além de abordar conceitos e categorias analíticas, oriundos das ciências sociais, principalmente provenientes da Geografia, pertinentes ao estudo das atividades em tela. Neste contexto, na dinâmica espacial da cidade de Niterói, o processo de mudança de função dos fixos sociais têm sido extraordinário. Residencias unifamiliares, prédios e até mesmo fortificações militares, verdadeiras monumentalidades, foram refuncionalizadas, passando por um processo de turistificação. Assim, a refuncionalização da respectiva Fortaleza em espaço cultural toma-se um importante atrativo da história, do patrimônio, da cultura, marcando no espaço urbano sua expressões e monumentalidade, criada pelo homem como símbolo de seus ideais, objetivos e atos, constituindo-se em um legado as gerações futuras, formando um elo entre passado, presente e futuro. Abstract This paper focuses on Santa Cruz Fortress, built in 1555 in Jurujuba (Niterói), to guard the entrance of Guanabara bay, and stresses its role as a towist attraction and leisure' area, as a social fix which links the city of Niterói to the complementary circuit of these activities in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The study uses important concepts and analytic categories fiom social sciences, particularly fiom Geography.In the spatial dynamic of the city of Niterói, change in functions of social fuces has been extraordinary. Single-family dwellings, buildings and even military installations have been re-functionalized, undergoing a process of touristification. In that way, the refunctionalization of the Fortress as a cultural space provides an important attraction in the domains of history, patrimony, and culture, providing the urban space with an expression of monumentality, created by man as a symbol of his ideals, aims and actions, a legacy to future generations forming a link between past, present and future.


Author(s):  
Fonna Forman ◽  
Teddy Cruz

Cities or municipalities are often the most immediate institutional facilitators of global justice. Thus, it is important for cosmopolitans and other theorists interested in global justice to consider the importance of the correspondence between global theories and local actions. In this chapter, the authors explore the role that municipalities can play in interpreting and executing principles of global justice. They offer a way of thinking about the cosmopolitan or global city not as a gentrified and commodified urban space, but as a site of local governance consistent with egalitarian cosmopolitan moral aims. They work to show some ways in which the city of Medellín, Colombia, has taken significant steps in that direction. The chapter focuses especially on how it did so and how it might serve as a model in some important ways for the transformation of other cities globally in a direction more consistent with egalitarian cosmopolitanism.


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