scholarly journals Effects of Peganum harmala L. Seed Extract on Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Al-Mekhlafi ◽  
N. Abutaha ◽  
S. K. Alhaga ◽  
M. Al-Wadaan
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Etoac Extract ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Aloe Perryi

Abstract Mosquito-borne diseases result in the loss of life and economy, primarily in subtropical and tropical countries, and the emerging resistance to insecticides is increasing this threat. Botanical insecticides are promising substitutes for synthetic insecticides. This study evaluated the larvicidal and growth index of Culex pipiens of four solvent extracts of Terminalia chebula, Aloe perryi, and Peganum harmala against Cx. pipiens. None of the 12 extracts exhibited larvicidal potential against third instars except the ethyl acetate extract of P. harmala. After 24 h of exposure, the LC50 value was 314.88 ppm, and the LC90 value was 464.19 ppm. At 320 ppm, the hatchability was 25.83%, and it resulted in 100% mortality. In addition, the eggs treated with the EtOAc extract of P. Harmala exhibited a long larval period compared with the control. The larval period continued for 12 days, and the pupal period took three days in the treatment groups. The growth index data also exhibited a decrease (0.00–7.53) in the treated groups compare with 8.5 in the control. The transformation of eggs into adults decreased with increasing concentrations. This paper is the first report on the development and growth index of Cx. pipiens potential using P. harmala seeds.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Two Monoterpenoids, Carvacrol and Thymol, and Their Combinations against Eggs and Larvae of the West Nile Vector Culex pipiens

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Youssefi ◽  
Mohaddeseh Abouhosseini Tabari ◽  
Aryan Esfandiari ◽  
Sohrab Kazemi ◽  
Ali Akbar Moghadamnia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
The West ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Insecticidal Efficacy

Background: Insect vector control is facing the challenges of resistance development and environmental hazards caused by synthetic pesticides. This has led to a considerable market opportunity for botanical insecticides. In this scenario, our study investigated the potential of selected bioactive monoterpenoids, carvacrol and thymol, as safe and effective tools to control the West Nile vector Culex pipiens. Furthermore, the combined effect of thymol-carvacrol mixtures and their possible interactions were assessed. Methods: For determining larvicidal and ovicidal 50% lethal concentration (LC50), each monoterpenoid was tested at different concentrations (5–500 mg/L). Then, the fixed ratio method was used for evaluating their combinational efficacy. Results: Carvacrol was more toxic against larvae of Cx. pipiens, with a LC50 value of 14 mg/L, whereas thymol exhibited a LC50 value of 49 mg/L. Comparable trends of efficacy were observed when toxicity on Cx. pipiens eggs was investigated, with LC50 values of 7 and 13 mg/L for carvacrol and thymol, respectively. In combinational toxicity assays, the mixture thymol-carvacrol at 1:4 ratio achieved a synergistic effect against larvae of Cx. pipiens, whereas an additive effect was observed on eggs. Other ratios showed antagonistic effects. Conclusions: Overall, our findings pointed out that the 1:4 ratio of thymol-carvacrol blend can enhance the insecticidal efficacy on Cx. pipiens young instars and can be considered further as active ingredient for developing botanical insecticides to be used in mosquito control operations.

Effect of the antiprogesterone RU-38486 on meningioma implanted into nude mice

1987 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Olson ◽  
David W. Beck ◽  
Janet A. Schlechte ◽  
Pao-Min Loh
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Steroid Binding Proteins

✓ Meningiomas have been shown to have steroid-binding proteins. In vitro, estradiol, progesterone, and the antiestrogen tamoxifen stimulate tumor growth. However, incubation of tumor cells with an antiprogesterone agent results in tumor inhibition. In this investigation, a human meningioma was implanted subcutaneously in athymic nude mice. Two treatment groups were established, one receiving the antiprogesterone agent RU-38486 (10 mg/kg/day in suspension) and the other receiving only vehicle. After 3 months, the tumor growth index (defined as the tumor volume at 3 months divided by the initial tumor volume) was 0.25 ± 0.46 (mean ± standard deviation) in the group receiving antiprogesterone and was 1.54 ± 0.58 in the control group (p = 0.041). Further investigation of the effect of antiprogestational agents on the growth and hormone-binding proteins of other meningiomas will better define the mechanism of their effects.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIDEPRESAN EKSTRAK BATANG SERAI (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) TERHADAP MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN (Mus musculus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Delisma Simorangkir
Keyword(s):  
Amine Oxidase ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Swim Test ◽  
Cymbopogon Nardus ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme ◽  
The One ◽  
One Way Anova

Depression is a mood disorder that is characterized by profound and sustained sadness and sadness until the loss of life passion. Lemongrass which contains eugenol is thought to have the potential as an antidepressant that works by inhibiting the Mono Amine Oxidase enzyme. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of antidepressant citronella extract (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle) on male white mice. This study used 5 treatment groups namely CMC Na 0.5%, amitriptilyn, lemongrass extract dose 1.5 mg/kgBB, 15 mg/kgBB and 150 mg/kgBB. Antidepressant testing was determined based on immobility time using the forsed swim test method. Data analysis using statistics was tested for normality and continued with the One Way Anova method with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the most effective treatment group as an antidepressant was amitriptilyn followed by lemongrass extract dose 150 mg/kgBB. The conclusion of this study is that lemongrass extract dose 150 mg/kgBB has the effectiveness as an antidepressant but is no more effective than the comparison of amitrip

scholarly journals ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT FROM Chrysophyllum cainito L. LEAVES IN DECREASING BLOOD SUGAR LEVEL IN MALE WISTAR RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imam Malikul Hadi Arrijal ◽  
Burhan Ma'arif ◽  
Arief Suryadinata
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Blood Level ◽  
Blood Sugar Level ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Chrysophyllum Cainito

<p><em>The high morbidity or mortality due to diabetes mellitus becomes the world health problem. That fact encourages the study about antidiabetes drugs from natural material especially plants. This study aims to analyze the effect of </em><em>ethyl acetate extract from </em><em>Chrysophyllum cainito L. leaves </em><em>in</em><em> decreasing of blood sugar level of alloxan-induced male male wistar rats. This research is considered as experimental research with pre and post test randomized controlled group design. The experimental animals in this study were 25 male male wistar rats divided into 5 treatment groups, treatment with CMC-Na (negative control), metformin with the dose of 9 mg/200gBW (positive control), and leaves extract C.</em><em> </em><em>cainito dose 25; 50; 75 mg/kgBW. All treatment groups had significant decrease of blood sugar levels at 7, 10 and 14 day observations with p &lt;0.05. While in the day 3 had insignificant decrease of blood sugar level with p &gt;0.05. Every C.</em><em> </em><em>cainito leaves extract doses group have the ability to decrease sugar blood level better than negative control, but still below </em><em>positif control</em><em>. The optimum dose in decreasing sugar blood level in this study is 75 mg/kg</em><em> </em><em>BW.</em></p>

scholarly journals Study on the chemical constituents of Dacrydium elatum and their cytotoxic activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Phuong Thao ◽  
Nguyen Thi Lieu ◽  
Pham Thi Ninh ◽  
Tran Van Chien ◽  
Dinh Thi Phong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Etoac Extract ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Medium Activity ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Mcf 7

AbstractFrom an ethyl acetate extract of twigs and barks of Dacrydium elatum a new diterpenoid named dacrydianone (1), together with lambertic acid (2), three ecdysteroids: 20-hydroxyecdysone (3), ajugasterone C (4), ponasterone A (5), and daucosterol (6), has been isolated. Their structures were elucidated by an extensive analysis of the UV/Vis, FT-IR, MS and NMR spectra as well as comparison with those in published literature. The EtOAc extract and the isolated compounds 1–5 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity on four cancer cell lines: breast cancer (MCF-7), lung cancer (Lu-1), liver cancer (HepG2) and human oral cancer (KB). The EtOAc extract and compound 2 showed a medium activity on four tested cancer cell lines, while compounds 3 and 5 exhibited week activity on these cell lines. Compounds 1 and 4 did not show activity on the tested cell lines.

scholarly journals Experimental Evidence and Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis Revealing the Effects and Mechanism of Branches of Sophora Japonica (L.) in Anti-Myocardial Ischemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Hailang Liao ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Ye Yang ◽  
Qin Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Network Pharmacology ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Sophora Japonica ◽  
Etoac Extract ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
St Segment

Abstract Background: Huai-Zhi (HZ), the fresh or dried branches of Sophora japonica (L.) are commonly used to treat several diseases such as heartache, red eyes, and metrorrhagia. The present study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms effects of HZ anti-myocardial ischemia by experiment and integrating network pharmacology. Methods: Isoproterenol was used in this study to establish the myocardial ischemia model in mice. Different extraction processes were used to obtain different HZ extracts with a screening of their anti-myocardial ischemia activities. Furthermore, the network pharmacology methods together with molecular docking were utilized to explore the active components, targets, and mechanism of anti-myocardial ischemia of HZ. Results: The ethyl acetate extract of HZ (HZ-EtOAc) significantly reduced the ST-segment elevation of mice in the preliminary test. The 95% ethanol fraction of the ethyl acetate extract of HZ (HZ-EtOAc-95) significantly reduced the ST-segment elevation, reduced the creatine kinase (CK) activity, reduced the levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in serum, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the myocardial tissues. Moreover, these results indicated that HZ-EtOAc extract in mice ameliorates myocardial tissue injury. Additionally, network pharmacology demonstrated that nine active components and 177 protein targets are related to the anti-myocardial ischemic effects of HZ. Its underlying mechanism might be involved in multiple signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, Toll-like receptor, and PI3K-Akt. Conclusion: This study used pharmacological experiments to determine the active site of HZ, and explored its potential mechanism in conjunction with network pharmacology.

Fine Structure of the Malpighian Tubules of the Mosquito, Culex pipiens

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 402-403
Author(s):  
Brendan Clifford
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Stellate Cell ◽  
Malpighian Tubule ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Calliphora Erythrocephala ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Basal Plasma

An ultrastructural investigation of the Malpighian tubules of the fourth instar larva of Culex pipiens was undertaken as part of a continuing study of the fine structure of transport epithelia.Each of the five Malpighian tubules was found to be morphologically identical and regionally undifferentiated. Two distinct cell types, the primary and stellate, were found intermingled along the length of each tubule. The ultrastructure of the stellate cell was previously described in the Malpighian tubule of the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala by Berridge and Oschman.The basal plasma membrane of the primary cell is extremely irregular, giving rise to a complex interconnecting network of basal channels. The compartments of cytoplasm entrapped within this system of basal infoldings contain mitochondria, free ribosomes, and small amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The mitochondria are distinctive in that the cristae run parallel to the long axis of the organelle.

Morphological and biochemical analyses of changes in rat hepatocytes related to wine and ethanol consumption

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
S.M. Geyer ◽  
C.L. Mendenhall ◽  
J.T. Hung ◽  
E.L. Cardell ◽  
R.L. Drake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Malic Enzyme ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Rat Hepatocytes ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Malic Enzyme Activity ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Thirty-three mature male Holtzman rats were randomly placed in 3 treatment groups: Controls (C); Ethanolics (E); and Wine drinkers (W). The animals were fed synthetic diets (Lieber type) with ethanol or wine substituted isocalorically for carbohydrates in the diet of E and W groups, respectively. W received a volume of wine which provided the same gram quantity of alcohol consumed by E. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation after 6 weeks and the livers processed for quantitative triglycerides (T3), proteins, malic enzyme activity (MEA), light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). Morphometric analysis of randomly selected LM and EM micrographs was performed to determine organellar changes in centrilobular (CV) and periportal (PV) regions of the liver. This analysis (Table 1) showed that hepatocytes from E were larger than those in C and W groups. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum decreased in E and increased in W compared to C values.

SEM Evaluation of Fluoride Pretreatment Effects on Acid-Etching of Caries-Like Enamel Lesions In Vitro

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
M. John Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Fluoride Treatment ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Pretreatment Effects ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Acid-etching of enamel surfaces has been performed routinely to bond adhesive resin materials to sound dental enamel as a caries-preventive measure. The effect of fluoride pretreatment on acid-etching of enamel has been reported to produce inconsistent and unsatisfactory etching patterns. The failure to obtain an adequate etch has been postulated to be due to fluoride precipitation products deposited on the enamel surface. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of fluoride pretreatment on acid-etching of carieslike lesions of human dental enamel.Caries-like lesions of enamel were created in vitro on human molar and premolar teeth. The teeth were divided into two fluoride treatment groups. The specimens were exposed for 4 minutes to either a 2% Sodium Fluoride (NaF) solution or a 10% Stannous Fluoride (SnF2) solution. The specimens were then washed in deionized-distilled water. Each tooth was sectioned into four test regions. This was carried out to compare the effects of various time exposures (0 to 2 minutes) and differing concentrations (10 to 60% w/w) of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) on etching of caries-like lesions. Standard preparation techniques for SEM were performed on the specimens.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document