Growing vegetables in succession in different soils and doses of phosphorus in an organomineral fertilizer

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the residual concentration from the application of levels of phosphorus contained in an organomineral fertilizer (OMF) in two soils cultivated with cabbage and lettuce in succession. In randomized blocks, five doses of OMF were used as a source of P in Oxisol (0, 50, 100, 200, and 300% of the P dose was recommended for cabbage crop using OMF), plus an additional treatment (100% mineral). The doses applied to the Entisol were as follows: 0, 50, 100, 200, and 300% of the recommended P dose with OMF for cabbage crop, plus an additional treatment (100% mineral), with four repetitions. The production of fresh matter (FM) and dry matter (DM), the nutritional status of the cabbage and lettuce, and the residual effect of nutrients in the soil were also evaluated. The P concentration in the soil increased (p ≤ 0.05) with higher doses of OMF in the Oxisol in the two cycles evaluated. However, this occurred only in the first cycle in the Entisol. Using the 50% dose of OMF in the cabbage in both soils provided FM and DM production values that were at least 11% higher than those attained with mineral fertilizer.

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Phosphorus availability as a function of its time of contact with different soils

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n11p996-1001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (11) ◽

pp. 996-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hemmannuella C. Santos ◽

Fábio H. T. de Oliveira ◽

Adailson P. de Souza ◽

Ignácio H. Salcedo ◽

Valério D. M. Silva

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Soil Samples ◽

P Availability ◽

P Fertilization ◽

P Content ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Macro And Micronutrients ◽

Labile P ◽

Different Soils

ABSTRACT Phosphorus (P) availability is related to soil sorption capacity and is relevant to planning P fertilization and evaluating its residual effect. The aim of this work was to evaluate the P availability to maize plants after different incubation times of six soils from Paraíba state. For this, four doses of P (0, 100, 200 and 300 mg dm-3) were applied in samples of six soils for 0, 30, 60, 90, 180, 240 and 360 days. After the incubation time, the soil samples received fertilization with macro and micronutrients and were cultivated with maize for 35 days, when they were harvested and analyzed to verify dry matter and P content in soil. The increase in the time of contact of P with the soil decreased P availability to plants; however, the formation of non-labile P was negligible in most soils. After 360 days of incubation, between 26 and 71% of P applied at the highest dose was recovered.

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Desempenho produtivo e nutricional de sorgo forrageiro consorciado com soja em doses de nitrogênio

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v7i2.991 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Rodrigo Ribeiro Fidelis ◽

Luiz Antonio Menezes Gonzaga ◽

Rubens Ribeiro da Silva ◽

Carlos Augusto Oliveira de Andrade

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Efficiency Index ◽

Productive Performance ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Two Systems ◽

Higher Doses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and productive performance of forage sorghum in an intercropping with soybean submitted to nitrogen doses. The experiment was in blocks with a complete randomized design, with four repetitions in a factorial arrangement (6x2+1), with six doses of nitrogen (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100 kg de N ha-1), in two systems, being the intercropping of sorghum x soybean and one control with only sorghum with an application of 100 kg de N ha-1. The variables studied were sorghum dry and fresh matter productivity, crude protein of sorghum, fresh matter productivity for the intercropping and protein efficiency index. Higher doses of N applied as cover on the sorghum x soybean intercropping increased the quality and the productivity of the forage, when compared to the monoculture. The sorghum intercropping with two lines of soybean provides higher productivities of fresh matter, dry matter and crude protein. The intercropping with one and two lines of soybean provides a saving of 40% and 60%, respectively, of nitrogen on the production of crude protein when compared to monoculture.

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Early prediction of biomass in hybrid rye based on hyperspectral data surpasses genomic predictability in less-related breeding material

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-021-03779-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 134 (5) ◽

pp. 1409-1422

Author(s):

Rodrigo José Galán ◽

Angela-Maria Bernal-Vasquez ◽

Christian Jebsen ◽

Hans-Peter Piepho ◽

Patrick Thorwarth ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Snp Array ◽

Matter Content ◽

Hyperspectral Data ◽

Winter Rye ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Early Prediction ◽

Bivariate Model ◽

Fresh Matter

Abstract Key message Hyperspectral data is a promising complement to genomic data to predict biomass under scenarios of low genetic relatedness. Sufficient environmental connectivity between data used for model training and validation is required. Abstract The demand for sustainable sources of biomass is increasing worldwide. The early prediction of biomass via indirect selection of dry matter yield (DMY) based on hyperspectral and/or genomic prediction is crucial to affordably untap the potential of winter rye (Secale cereale L.) as a dual-purpose crop. However, this estimation involves multiple genetic backgrounds and genetic relatedness is a crucial factor in genomic selection (GS). To assess the prospect of prediction using reflectance data as a suitable complement to GS for biomass breeding, the influence of trait heritability ($$H^{2}$$ H 2 ) and genetic relatedness were compared. Models were based on genomic (GBLUP) and hyperspectral reflectance-derived (HBLUP) relationship matrices to predict DMY and other biomass-related traits such as dry matter content (DMC) and fresh matter yield (FMY). For this, 270 elite rye lines from nine interconnected bi-parental families were genotyped using a 10 k-SNP array and phenotyped as testcrosses at four locations in two years (eight environments). From 400 discrete narrow bands (410 nm–993 nm) collected by an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) on two dates in each environment, 32 hyperspectral bands previously selected by Lasso were incorporated into a prediction model. HBLUP showed higher prediction abilities (0.41 – 0.61) than GBLUP (0.14 – 0.28) under a decreased genetic relationship, especially for mid-heritable traits (FMY and DMY), suggesting that HBLUP is much less affected by relatedness and $$H^{2}$$ H 2 . However, the predictive power of both models was largely affected by environmental variances. Prediction abilities for DMY were further enhanced (up to 20%) by integrating both matrices and plant height into a bivariate model. Thus, data derived from high-throughput phenotyping emerges as a suitable strategy to efficiently leverage selection gains in biomass rye breeding; however, sufficient environmental connectivity is needed.

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One Year Residual Effect of Sewage Sludge Biochar as a Soil Amendment for Maize in a Brazilian Oxisol

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13042226 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 2226

Author(s):

Joisman Fachini ◽

Thais Rodrigues Coser ◽

Alyson Silva de Araujo ◽

Ailton Teixeira do Vale ◽

Keiji Jindo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nutrient Availability ◽

Pyrolysis Temperature ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Soil Nutrient ◽

Mineral Fertilizer ◽

Corn Yield ◽

Soil Nutrient Availability ◽

One Year

The thermochemical transformation of sewage sludge (SS) to biochar (SSB) allows exploring the advantages of SS and reduces possible environmental risks associated with its use. Recent studies have shown that SSB is nutrient-rich and may replace mineral fertilizers. However, there are still some questions to be answered about the residual effect of SSB on soil nutrient availability. In addition, most of the previous studies were conducted in pots or soil incubations. Therefore, the residual effect of SSB on soil properties in field conditions remains unclear. This study shows the results of nutrient availability and uptake as well as maize yield the third cropping of a three-year consecutive corn cropping system. The following treatments were compared: (1) control: without mineral fertilizer and biochar; (2) NPK: with mineral fertilizer; (3) SSB300: with biochar produced at 300 °C; (4) SSB300+NPK; (5) SSB500: with biochar produced at 500 °C; and (6) SSB500+NPK. The results show that SSB has one-year residual effects on soil nutrient availability and nutrient uptake by maize, especially phosphorus. Available soil P contents in plots that received SSB were around five times higher than the control and the NPK treatments. Pyrolysis temperature influenced the SSB residual effect on corn yield. One year after suspending the SSB application, SSB300 increased corn yield at the same level as the application of NPK. SSB300 stood out and promoted higher grain yield in the residual period (8524 kg ha−1) than SSB500 (6886 kg ha−1). Regardless of pyrolysis temperature, biochar boosted the mineral fertilizer effect resulting in higher grain yield than the exclusive application of NPK. Additional long-term studies should be focused on SSB as a slow-release phosphate fertilizer.

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High phosphorus concentrations in seed of wheat and annual medic are related to higher rates of dry matter production of seedlings and plants

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9880765 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

pp. 765 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

MDA Bolland ◽

MJ Baker

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Field Experiment ◽

Western Australia ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Medicago Polymorpha ◽

P Concentration ◽

Pot Experiments ◽

Matter Production ◽

Burr Medic

Seed of 2 cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and 1 burr medic (Medicago polymorpha) with increasing phosphorus (P) concentrations (wheat 1.4-3.7 g P/kg dry matter, medic 3.3-7.9 g P/kg dry matter) were collected from field experiments with variable levels of applied superphosphate (wheat 0- 577 kg P/ha, medic 0-364 kg P/ha) in south-western Australia. These seeds were used in further experiments to examine the effect of seed P concentration on the subsequent dry matter (DM) production of seedlings and plants in 3 glasshouse pot experiments and 1 field experiment. Seed of the same size (wheat, 35 mg/seed; medic, 3.6 mg/seed) but with increasing P concentration produced substantially higher DM yields in the absence or presence of freshly applied superphosphate P up to 28-35 days after sowing in the pot experiments and 67 days after sowing in the field experiment.

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PERSISTENCE OF IMIDAZOLINONES IN SOILS UNDER A CLEARFIELD SYSTEM OF RICE CULTIVATION

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340300020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 589-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M.F. SOUZA ◽

M.D. C. NETO ◽

M.I. MARINHO ◽

D.T. SARAIVA ◽

A.T. FARIA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Residual Activity ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Red Rice ◽

Indicator Plants ◽

Brazilian State ◽

Commercial Mixture ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Plot Design

ABSTRACT The commercial mixture of imazethapyr and imazapic herbicides has been used for the control of red rice and several other species of weeds found in rice crops; this system called Clearfield. However, its use may limit the succession of non-tolerant crops for long residual activity. The research objective with this work was to determine the persistence of imazethapyr, imazapic and their mixture in three soils in the Brazilian state of Tocantins. Three experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications, each corresponding to the evaluated soil (Haplic Plinthosol (FX), red-yellow Latosol (LVA) and Haplic Gleysol (GX)). The treatments were arranged in a split plot design, with the allocated plots herbicides (imazethapyr and imazapic alone and commercial mixture) and the plots allocated the 11 evaluation times (1, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150 days after treatment (DAT)), and a control without application. Contacted up long residual effect of imazethapyr and commercial mixture of imazethapyr and imazapic, regardless of assessed soil. After 150 days of applying herbicides or the commercial mixture, their residues in the soil also inhibited approximately 94% of the mass of the dry matter accumulation of the indicator plants. When imazapic was applied alone, there was a higher dry matter accumulation of the indicator plants, indicating less residual effect of this herbicide in the soil and this was attributed to the lower dose of this herbicide applied. The attributes of the soil pH, texture and iron oxides were what most affected the persistence of the herbicides. It can be concluded that the persistence of imazethapyr and imazapic is too long in the Brazilian state of Tocantins soils and the use of these herbicides in the region should be avoided due to the high risk of the occurrence of carryover,or be well planned, as land use in rotation for susceptible crops.

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Sorption of Clomazone in Brazilian Soils with Different Physical and Chemical Attributes1

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340200017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 357-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G.A.M. PEREIRA ◽

L.H. BARCELLOS JR. ◽

V.A. GONÇALVES ◽

D.V. SILVA ◽

A.T. FARIA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Abstract Knowledge ◽

Analysis Of Similarity ◽

Brazilian Soils ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Different Soils

ABSTRACT Knowledge of herbicides sorption by colloids predicts its movement in the soil profile and its effectiveness in controlling weeds and crops poisoning when directly applied to the soil. This knowledge becomes even more important for herbicides which have long persistence in the soil. In this research, clomazone sorption was estimated by the biological method in Brazilian soil samples with different physical and chemical characteristics, cultivated with sugarcane crops. As an indicator of the presence of clomazone in the soil, Sorghum bicolor was used. The data relating to assessments of poisoning and accumulation of dry matter of the plants were subjected to multivariate analysis of similarity among variables. After that, clomazone doses that caused 50% of intoxication in sorghum plants grown (C50) as well as sorption ratio (SR) of the herbicide in different soil types were estimated. There was similarity greater than 80% for data regarding the percentage of intoxication and accumulated dry matter, with the option to use only those related to the first variable. RS and C50 were higher in Organosol and lower in red-yellow Latosol with and without changing the pH. It was concluded that the clomazone dose to be recommended must be differentiated for different soils, since the value of clomazone sorption in the soil is dependent on its attributes, and the organic matter content is of the utmost importance.

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Comparison of supplemental cobalt form on fibre digestion and cobalamin concentrations in cattle

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859617000107 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 155 (5) ◽

pp. 832-838 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. C. WATERMAN ◽

W. L. KELLY ◽

C. K. LARSON ◽

M. K. PETERSEN

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

National Research Council ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Forage Digestibility ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

To Receive

SUMMARYCobalt (Co) is essential for rumen microbial metabolism to synthesize methane, acetate and methionine. It also serves as a structural component of vitamin B12(cobalamin), which functions as a coenzyme in energy metabolism. A study was conducted to determine if Co form (carbonatev. glucoheptonate) supplemented above the National Research Council requirements would improve digestibility of a low-quality forage diet and change serum cobalamin concentrations. Nineteen ruminally cannulated cows (577 ± 13 kg) were fed individually in a completely randomized experimental design. Cows were fed a grass hay diet that contained (79·2 g/kg crude protein, 565 g/kg total digestible nutrients, 633·2 g/kg neutral detergent fibre (NDF), 874·2 g/kg dry matter) at a rate of 0·02% of body weight on a as fed basis for a 62-day study, which consisted of three periods; acclimation (AC), treatment (TR) and residual (RE). Measurements taken in the AC period were used as covariates for analysis in the TR and RE periods. Cows were stratified by age (5 ± 0·4 years) and lactational history, and assigned to receive 12·5 mg supplemental Co in one of two forms: (1) 27·2 mg of Co carbonate (CC,n= 11 cows) or (2) 50 mg of Co glucoheptonate (CGH,n= 8 cows). Supplement was administered daily via a gelatin capsule placed directly into the rumen 2 h after feeding. During the last 96 h of each period, forage digestibility was measured using anin situnylon bag technique. Blood samples were collected 4 and 6 h following feeding, and 24 h before the end of each period. A treatment × period interaction was detected forin situorganic matter (OM) disappearance at 96 h; (TR period: 684 and 708 ± 81 g/kg; RE period: 676 and 668 ± 75 g/kg, for CC and CGH, respectively). Once inclusion of Co in the CGH group was removed, OM disappearance was reduced by 4·01% compared with 0·82% in the CC cows. The NDF disappearance (OM basis) was less for the TR compared with the RE at 48 h (629 and 652 ± 39 g/kg, respectively). However, by 96 h NDF disappearance was greater for TR than the RE (704 and 689 ± 44 g/kg; respectively). No differences were detected for cobalamin serum concentrations or rate of fibre fermentation. The outcomes of the current research signify that there may be a slight residual effect of Co supplementation on fermentation; there was also an indication that Co source may enhance the overall extent of fermentation.

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Floristic composition and growth of weeds under custard apple (Annona squamosa) progenies

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582004000400006 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 529-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P.S.L. Silva ◽

Z. Barbosa ◽

O.F. Oliveira ◽

R.P. Antonio ◽

P.I.B. Silva

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Management Practices ◽

Block Design ◽

Floristic Composition ◽

Negative Influence ◽

Weed Species ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Custard Apple ◽

Root Collar

Weeds have a negative influence on several fruit tree characteristics, such as yield, making it difficult to management practices in orchards. Alternative weed management methods, aiming to reduce the use of herbicides, have become attractive since herbicides are costly and cause environmental degradation. The use of cultivars with greater competitive ability against weeds has attracted international attention. The objective of this work was to evaluate the floristic composition and growth of weeds under the canopies of irrigated custard apple tree progenies. Twenty halfsibling progenies around three years of age were evaluated in a random block design with five replicates and four plants per plot. A circle with a 0.5 m² area was established around the trunk of each plant. Floristic composition, fresh matter, and dry matter mass of the above-ground part of the weeds, were evaluated in this area. Root collar and canopy diameters, as well as leaf area of the progenies were also evaluated. Fifty-eight weed species were recorded. The five weed families with the most species were Leguminosae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae, in decreasing order. The number of weed species per plot ranged from 6 to 18, but there was no difference between the mean percentages of different weeds under the canopies of the progenies. The lowest weed fresh and dry matter masses occurred in progenies JG1 and SM8, respectively. There were no differences between progenies with regard to root collar diameter and leaf area; however, one of the lowest weed dry matter yields was observed under the canopy of progeny FE4, which showed the largest canopy diameter.

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Correlations and path analysis of morphological and yield traits of cactus pear accessions

Cropp Breeding and Applied Biotechnology ◽

10.1590/s1984-70332013000300009 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 203-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Diogo Gonçalves Neder ◽

Fabiane Rabelo da Costa ◽

Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽

Lenildo Teixeira Souto Filho

Keyword(s):

Path Analysis ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Selection Process ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Cactus Pear ◽

Green Matter ◽

Selection For

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationships between morphological characteristics and fresh matter yield of cactus pear and identify their direct and indirect effects. Nineteen accessions were evaluated for the following traits: number (NCl), thickness (ThCl), length (LCl) and width (WCl) of cladodes, plant height (PH) and plant width (PW), and green matter yield (GMY), dry matter yield (DMY) and dry matter percentage (DM). The correlations were estimated, and path analysis was performed by the method proposed by Wright. GMY was strongly correlated with DMY, allowing indirect selection for this trait. NCl and ThCl had a direct effect on GMY and can be used for indirect selection or as secondary traits in the selection process. Given the lack of significant correlations between MS and DMY, it is possible to select a palm variety with high DMY and DM.

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