Does environmental enrichment improve performance, morphometry, yield and weight of broiler parts at different ages?

ABSTRACT The inclusion of environmental enrichment in conventional broiler rearing can increase mobility, bone mass and muscle. This research aimed to evaluate the use of environmental enrichment in the rearing of broilers at different ages and its influence on performance, morphometry, yield and weight of the parts. It was used the completely randomized design in split-plot scheme, being the plots the treatments presence (T1) and absence (T2) of environmental enrichment and the subplots the broiler ages (1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 days), with 56 chicks in each treatment (T1 and T2). Data obtained were analyzed by the linear effect model of fixed effects and compared by Tukey’s test of means. The animals were raised in a controlled environment, divided into four boxes with dimensions: 1.5 × 1.0 × 0.7 m, containing rice straw bed. In T1 a ladder with a perch on top was used, distributed every 1.5 m2. Environmental enrichment used did not influence broiler’s zootechnical performance. Broilers’ morphometric properties, parts weight and body weight increased due to environmental enrichment and, improvement was observed in chicks rearing’s final phase. The environmental enrichment was beneficial for muscle and bone mass gain in the main commercial parts of the chicken carcass, in addition to reducing the allometric coefficient of the breasts in chickens.

Download Full-text

Performance, gut morphometry and enzymatic activity of broilers fed neonatal supplementation in housing

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v40i1.38423 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 38423

Author(s):

Tatiane Souza dos Santos ◽

Adriano Barbieri ◽

Robert Guaracy Aparecido Cardoso Araujo ◽

Gustavo Do Valle Polycarpo ◽

Daniela Felipe Pinheiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Pancreatic Enzyme ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Quadratic Effect ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Intestinal Length ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Relative Organ Weight ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective was to evaluate the performance, relative organ weight, morphometry, intestinal length and pancreatic enzyme activity of broilers receiving neonatal supplementation. A total of 900 Cobb 500 broiler chicks was housed in 30 boxes of 2.5 m². The treatments were divided in a completely randomized design with six replications, and consisted of five inclusion levels (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 grams per bird). The supplement used was based of amino acids, vitamins and minerals, which was provided on the ration on the first day in the housing. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS (2008) and when significant broken down using a polynomial regression. Due to the inclusion of the neonatal supplement in the period from one to seven and one to 21 days of age, the feed intake presented a linear effect and the weight gain, a quadratic effect. The relative weights of the gizzard and liver showed a quadratic effect, and the inclusions of 4.18 and 3.41 grams/bird provided the lowest weights, respectively. The jejunum villi height decreased with supplementation as well as the activity of pancreatic lipase. It can be concluded that neonatal supplementation benefited the performance of birds up to 21 days of age.

Download Full-text

Effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth under warm farrowing room temperatures on piglet rectal temperature over the first 24 h after birth

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txab060 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katherine D Vande Pol ◽

Andres F Tolosa ◽

Caleb M Shull ◽

Catherine B Brown ◽

Stephan A S Alencar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Birth Control ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Random Effect ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Abstract Piglets experience a decline in body temperature immediately after birth, and both drying and warming piglets at birth reduces this. However, these interventions may have less effective at higher farrowing room temperatures. This study was carried out at a commercial facility to compare the effect of drying and/or warming piglets at birth on postnatal rectal temperature (RT) under relatively warm farrowing room temperatures (26.6 ± 2.09°C). Forty-five sows/litters were used in a completely randomized design to compare three Intervention Treatments (applied at birth): Control (no treatment); Warming (piglets placed in a plastic box under a heat lamp for 30 min); Drying+Warming (piglets dried with desiccant and warmed as above). Temperatures in the warming boxes over the study period averaged 37.7 ± 2.75°C. At birth, piglets were weighed; RT temperature was measured at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 120, and 1440 min after birth. Blood samples were collected at 24 h after birth from a subsample of one piglet from each birth weight quartile within each litter to measure plasma immunocrit concentration. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with litter as the experimental unit; and piglet a subsample of litter. The model for analysis of piglet rectal temperature included fixed effects of treatment, measurement time (repeated measure), the interaction, and the random effect of sow. Compared to the Control, piglet RT were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Warming treatment between 10 and 60 min, and higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming treatment between 10 and 120 min after birth. Rectal temperatures were higher (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming than the Warming treatment between 20 and 120 min. Responses to drying and/or warming were greater for low birth weight piglets (< 1.0 kg) than heavier littermates, but were generally less than observed in previous experiments with similar treatments carried out under cooler temperatures. Piglet immunocrit values were lower (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming treatment compared to the other treatments, which were similar (P > 0.05). Immunocrit values tended (P = 0.10) to be lower for light (< 1.0 kg) compared to heavier birth weight piglets. In conclusion, drying and warming piglets at birth was more effective for reducing piglet RT decline after birth than warming alone, though the effect was less than observed in previous studies carried out under cooler farrowing room temperatures.

Download Full-text

Consumo, digestibilidade e balanço de nitrogênio de rações contendo diferentes teores de torta de murumuru em dietas para ovinos

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n1p415 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 415

Author(s):

Bruno Peres de Menezes ◽

Laurena Silva Rodrigues ◽

José De Brito Lourenço Júnior ◽

André Guimarães Maciel e Silva ◽

Stefano Juliano Tavares de Andrade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Balance ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Panicum Maximum ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Linear Effects ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Quadratic Effects ◽

Potential Use ◽

Male Sheep

This study aimed to assess the potential use of increasing levels of murumuru cake (Astrocaryum murumuru var. murumuru, M art.) (MC) in sheep diets as a replacement for Mombasa grass (Panicum maximum Jacq). Metabolic tests were performed with 20 castrated male sheep at Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém, Pará, during 26 days. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with five diets and four replications. MC0: 100% grass; MC10: 10% MC and 90% grass; MC20: 20% MC and 80% grass; MC40: 40% MC and 60% grass; and MC60: 60% MC and 40% grass. The intake and the coefficient of apparent digestibility of dry matter (DMI and CDDM), organic matter (OMI and CDOM), crude protein (CPI and CDCP), neutral detergent fiber (NDFI and CDNDF), acid detergent fiber (ADFI and CDADF), ether extract (EEI and CDEE), cellulose (CELI and CDCEL), hemicellulose (HEMI and CDHEM), and nitrogen balance (NB) of experimental diets were determined. The intake of mineral material (MMI) and lignin (LIGI) were also determined. The DMI, OMI, MMI, CPI, NDFI, and ADFI displayed a decreasing linear effect with the replacement of Mombasa grass by MC in the diet. The EEI and the LIGI presented quadratic effects according to the replacement levels of MC in the diet. The CDDM, CDOM, and CDHEM displayed increasing linear effects, between MC0 and MC60. The CDEE, CDNDF, CDADF, and CDCEL displayed a quadratic effect, with optimum replacement levels of 56.65%, 41%, 31.33%, and 27.46%, respectively. The nitrogen balance presented a negative linear effect in the range of 0% to 60% of murumuru cake. One can conclude that murumuru cake is an alternative to the dietary supplementation of ruminants in replacing the Mombasa grass because it provides an increase in the digestibility of nutrients for sheep. However, a limited replacement level must be implemented, considering that from 27.46%, 31.33%, 41%, and 56.65% replacement, a decline occurs in the CDCEL, CDADF, CDNDF, and CDEE, respectively, although a negative nitrogen balance does not occur.

Download Full-text

Relación Entre Biomasa Aérea Y Producción Primaria Neta Con Las Variaciones Estacionales De Precipitaciones Y Temperaturas En Pastizales Del Sur De La Provincia De Córdoba

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2017.v13n5p117 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 117

Author(s):

Cerutti, A., N. Mónaco ◽

M. J. Rosa y V. Santa.

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Net Primary Productivity ◽

Ground Level ◽

Constant Weight ◽

A Value ◽

Natural Pasture ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Natural Grasslands ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Town

Natural grasslands of the planet are very important reservoirs of flora and fauna that provide various ecosystem services benefits. To maintain and improve their condition, it is necessary to study them and understand their composition and functioning as well as their evolution over time. In the present work the influence of climatic variables, temperature and rainfall on the aerial biomass behavior and the net primary productivity of a pasture were analyzed. For this purpose, a natural pasture was located on the banks of the Chocancharava River, in the town of Río Cuarto. Monthly sampling (September 2014 - August 2015) was carried out, cutting aerial biomass at ground level with tusar scissors and collecting biomass and mulch in 10 quadrants of 0.5 x 0.5 m (0.25 m2) and dried in stove to constant weight. This material was separated into compartments: green (BV), dry (BS) and mulch (BM) to determined the available biomass. For statistical analysis, a completely randomized design (DCA) of fixed effects with Infostat program was used. The highest contribution of BV was in summer months, 4262 kg / ha of 8772 kg / ha corresponding to the total cycle. The highest BS was determined in winter with 2715 kg / ha of the total 6663 kg / ha. The litter presented a behavior similar to the BV, with the highest peaks in summer months 2478 kg / ha of 6004 kg / ha. The PPN presented a marked spring increase. Adding the positive increases in monthly PPN, a value of 1206.6 kg / ha * year was determined. Considering that higher temperatures and rainfall are recorded in summer (average 22 ° C and 422 mm), it could be assert that these variables would explain a significant part of the variability in the total aerial biomass production of the pasture.

Download Full-text

Corn Substitution By Using Cassapro (Cassava Protein) On Kampung Chicken Carcass

Jurnal Peternakan Integratif ◽

10.32734/jpi.v7i2.2162 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 34-41

Author(s):

Hans Yoppi Sinaga, Iskandar Sembiring ◽

Armyn Hakim Daulay ◽

Ma’ruf Tafsin ◽

Nevy Diana Hanafi

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Carcass Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Chicken Carcass ◽

Completely Randomized Design

This research aimed to determine the ability of cassapro to substitute corn in feed onkampung chicken carcass. Experimental design used was completely randomized design (CRD) with5 treatments and 4 replications. Each treatment consists of cassapro P0 (0%) P1(10%) P2(20%)P3(30%) P4(40%). 100 kampung chicken was used this research.The results showed that there were no signifiant effect on cut weight, carcass weight and percentageof carcass due to the administration of cassapro. However, there was a tendency that feed rations P2(40% corn and 20% cassapro) showed good result.

Download Full-text

Relative weight and length of digestive tract and intestinal histomorphometric measurements of slow-growing broilers of different genotypes

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n1p319 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 319-334

Author(s):

Saullo Diogo Assis ◽

◽

Nadja Susana Mogyca Leandro ◽

Emmanuel Arnhold ◽

Marcos Barcellos Café ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Digestive System ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Live Weight ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Different Ages ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Different Strains ◽

Slow Growing

An experiment was conducted to investigate the development of the digestive system in slow-growing broilers of different strains. The experiment involved a total of 544 one-day-old chicks, 136 of each of four genotypes, namely, Label Rouge Pesadão, Label Rouge Pescoço Pelado, Carijó and Carijó Pescoço Pelado. The birds were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (genotypes) and eight replicates of 17 animals each. Live weight, digestive tract development and intestinal histomorphometric measurements were evaluated at different ages. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the strains for live weight, relative weight and length of digestive tract organs and intestinal histomorphometric measurements at one, seven and 28 days of age. The Carijó strain showed greater weight and development of digestive organs than the Carijó Pescoço Pelado strain. There was a difference (p < 0.05) for histomorphometric measurements of the small intestine between the strains at the evaluated ages. The Carijó Pescoço Pelado and Label Rouge Pescoço Pelado strains showed higher villi and higher villus:crypt ratios in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The slow-growing strains differ in performance regarding the relative weights and lengths of digestive tract organs and intestinal histomorphometric measurements.

Download Full-text

Dry brewery residue in broiler chickens feed

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1707 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 1707

Author(s):

Wiliam Parpinelli ◽

Paulo Segatto Cella ◽

Vaneila Daniele Lenhardt Savaris ◽

Jomara Broch ◽

Ricardo Vianna Nunes

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Average Weight ◽

Intestinal Development ◽

Linear Effect ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Morphometric Evaluation

The residual from the food industry has the potential to replace the traditional ingredients used in animal feed, and the dry brewery residue (DBR) may be an alternative for this purpose. This study aimed to evaluate the use of DBR in the diets of broiler from 22 to 42 days of age. Five hundred and forty-six male broilers were used, with an initial average weight of 865 ± 8 g. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, with six levels of DBR inclusion (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10%), seven replicates and thirteen animals per experimental unit (EU). Weight gain (WG), average feed intake (AFI) and feed:gain ratio were evaluated. At 42 days of age, blood samples were collected from two broilers of each EU, and one broiler per EU was slaughtered to investigate the intestinal development. DBR interposed the WG and promoted a linear effect in this variable from 22 to 42 days of age. This effect was not observed for AFI. The inclusion of DBR interfered with the serum cholesterol values, showing a quadratic influence at the maximum response for the inclusion of 4.96%. However, the blood parameters of triglycerides, uric acid, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and total protein remained unchanged, regardless of the level of dietary DBR. No changes in villus height and crypt depth were observed by intestinal morphometric evaluation. The inclusion of 10% DBR can be used in a poultry diet, without any damage to the performance, metabolism and development of the broilers.

Download Full-text

Effect of drying and warming piglets at birth on preweaning mortality

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txab016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katherine D Vande Pol ◽

Andres F Tolosa ◽

Caleb M Shull ◽

Catherine B Brown ◽

Stephan A S Alencar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Rectal Temperature ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Intervention Treatment ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Kg Medium

Abstract Piglets are susceptible to hypothermia early after birth, which is a major predisposing factor for preweaning mortality (PWM). Drying and warming piglets at birth has been shown to reduce early postnatal temperature decline. This study evaluated the effect of drying and warming piglets at birth on PWM and weaning weight (WW) under commercial conditions. A completely randomized design was used with 802 sows/litters (10,327 piglets); sows/litters were randomly allotted at start of farrowing to one of two Intervention Treatments (applied at birth): Control (no drying or warming); Drying+Warming (dried with a cellulose-based desiccant and placed in a box under a heat lamp for 30 min). Piglets were weighed at birth and weaning; PWM was recorded. Rectal temperature was measured at 0 and 30 min after birth on all piglets in a subsample of 10% of litters. The effect of farrowing pen temperature (FPT) on WW and PWM was evaluated by comparing litters born under COOL (<25°C) to those born under WARM (≥25°C) FPT. The effect of birth weight on WW and PWM was evaluated by comparing three birth weight categories (BWC; Light: <1.0 kg, Medium: 1.0 to 1.5 kg, or Heavy: >1.5 kg). PROC GLIMMIX and MIXED of SAS were used to analyze mortality and other data, respectively. Litter was the experimental unit; piglet was a subsample of litter. The model included fixed effects of Intervention Treatment, and FPT or BWC as appropriate, the interaction, and the random effects of litter. Piglet rectal temperature at 30 min after birth was greater (P ≤ 0.05) for the Drying+Warming than the Control treatment (+2.33°C). Overall, there was no effect (P > 0.05) of Intervention Treatment on PWM or WW, and there were no Intervention Treatment by BWC interactions (P > 0.05) for these measurements. There was an Intervention Treatment by FPT interaction (P ≤ 0.05) for PWM. Drying and warming piglets reduced (P ≤ 0.05) PWM under COOL (by 2.4 percentage units) but not WARM FPT. In addition, WW were lower (P ≤ 0.05) under WARM (by 0.79 kg) than COOL FPT; however, there was no interaction (P > 0.05) with Intervention Treatment. In conclusion, this study suggests that drying and warming piglets at birth increases rectal temperature and may reduce PWM under cooler conditions, which are typically experienced in temperate climates during the majority of the year.

Download Full-text

Pig’s behavioral response in nursery and growth phases to environmental enrichment objects

Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5424/sjar/2018163-12303 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. e0507 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Luciana Foppa ◽

Fabiana R. Caldara ◽

Rafael De Moura ◽

Simone P. Machado ◽

Irenilza A. Nääs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Behavioral Response ◽

Environmental Enrichment ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Growth Phases ◽

Repellent Effect ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of environmental enrichment on the behavior of pigs in nursery and growth phases. (i) Ninety animals (females, 65 days, 25 kg) were divided into three treatments (T1- Pen enriched with objects made of destructible material by the animal, T2- Pen enriched with objects made of non-destructible material by the animal, T3- Pen without environmental enrichment objects - control treatment) - in a completely randomized design and reference of the animals by objects of enrichment of different colors (red, blue or yellow). (ii) males, 25 days old, 7 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments (cloves, garlic, alternating aromas and absence of control smells) and six replicates each. (iii) determine the appropriate ratio between the number of enrichment objects and the animals present in the animals (n = 138; females; 65 days; 25 kg) were distributed in three treatments, in a completely randomized experimental design (proportion of one enrichment object for each 1511 animals or 9 animals, respectively). Environmental enrichment objects made from destructible materials are more attractive to pigs. No preference for pigs for environmental enrichment objects of specific colors was observed. Environmental enrichment objects with garlic aroma had a repellent effect. No effect was observed of alternating perfumes in the animals retaining interest in the objects since the smell of garlic acted as a repellent. Thus, the proportion of one enrichment object for each 15 pigs is sufficient to avoid problems of dispute between the animals.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Pemberian Asap Cair Melalui Air Minum Terhadap Kualitas Karkas Ayam Broiler

Jurnal Agripet ◽

10.17969/agripet.v14i1.1208 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 71-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Meisji Liana Sari ◽

Fitri Nove Liya Lubis ◽

Lia Dwi Jaya

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broiler Chicken ◽

Wood Vinegar ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Chicken Carcass ◽

Completely Randomized Design

(The Effect of Wood Vinegar Through to The Drinking Water on The Quality of Broiler Chicken Carcass)ABSTRACT. This aims of this research was to determine the percentage of carcass, commercial carcass parting and meat bone ratio (breast, thigh and wing) of broiler consumed wood vinegar. This research was assigned into used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 different treatments and each 3 replicates. The treatments were dose of wood vinegar, R0 = water + 0% wood vinegar, R1 = water + 0.25% wood vinegar, R2 = water + 0.5% wood vinegar, R3 = water + 0.75% wood vinegar, R0 = water + 1% wood vinegar. The observed parameters were percentage of carcass, commercial sliced carcass parting and meat bone ratio. The results showed that wood vinegar in the drinking water did gave not significantly (P0,05) effect to the percentage of carcass, commercial sliced carcass parting and meat bone ratio of broiler chickens. It is concluded that Liquid wood vinegar can be used for broiler chickens until 1%.

Download Full-text