Ethical and moral development: aspects relating to professional training in Dentistry

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the progression of a public university's dental students through stages of moral development during the course. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 115 students (from the 1st to the 7th semester), to whom the "Opiniões sobre problemas sociais" test, adapted and translated to the Portuguese language, was applied. Results: The collected answers were charted according to the test manual's guidelines and data were analyzed by the GraphPad Prism software 6.0 and STATA v.13. Principal morality score values, expressed as a P value (%), were 40.26%; 39.32%; 36.45% and 36.27% for the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th semesters, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (ANOVA, p = 0.52). Conclusion: Students' degrees of morality did not vary significantly among the semesters compared, indicating the need for a reorientation of teaching-learning practices that takes the potential of transformative learning into account.

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Harm Perception and Attitudes towards E-cigarette Use Among Qatar University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.29117/quarfe.2021.0145 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rana Kurdi ◽

Hanan Abdul Rahim ◽

Ghadir Al-Jayyousi ◽

Manar Yaseen ◽

Aetefeh Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Smoking Prevention ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is becoming popular worldwide especially among youth. Research reported that university students have poor knowledge and misconceptions about the health risks of e-cigarettes, which may lead students to use them even in populations where prevalence of cigarette smoking is relatively low. At this age, the influence of peers is also significant. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of e-cigarette use among university students as well as their knowledge and attitudes towards e-cigarettes. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study among Qatar University students using a self-administered online questionnaire. Descriptive univariate analysis of all variables was conducted as well as a bivariate analysis to check the association of e-cigarette use with selected variables. A binary logistic regression was conducted to assess predictors of e-cigarette use. Results: The prevalence of e-cigarette use among students was found to be 14% where 32% of them were daily users. Approximately 42% of the participants agreed that ‘e-cigarettes are less harmful to health compared to traditional cigarettes, and 45.7% of them agreed that ‘e-cigarettes can prevent smoking traditional cigarettes. The prevalence of e-cigarettes use was 16.2% among males and 12.8% among females, which showed no significant difference between the two genders. Females were more likely to use e-cigarettes because they “don’t smell” (P-value=0.023). The study showed a significant association between e-cigarette use and knowledge items (P-value < 0.05) and having a smoker among siblings or friends. At the multivariate analysis level, only the friends’ effect remained significant after controlling for the other variables (OR= 7.3, P-value=0.000). Conclusion: Our research found that university students have inadequate knowledge and misconceptions in regards to e-cigarettes use, especially among users. Effective smoking prevention policy and educational interventions are needed to enhance awareness among university students about the health effects associated with e-cigarettes use.

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Perbedaan Profil Lipid pada Akseptor Depo Medroksi Progesteron Asetat dengan Implant Levonorgestrel di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Air Tawar Padang Tahun 2014

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v4i1.186 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rafika Oktova ◽

Desmiwarti Desmiwarti ◽

Arni Amir

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

AbstrakDepo Medroksiprogesteron Asetat dan Implant Levonorgestrel merupakan kontrasepsi hormonal progestin sintetik yang memiliki efek samping yaitu peningkatan berat badan dan mempengaruhi metabolisme lipid. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan profil lipid pada akseptor Depo Medroksiprogesteron Asetat dengan Implant Levonorgestrel. Ini adalah studi observasional dengan desain cross sectional comparative. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Bagian Biokimia Fakultas Universitas Andalas dari Maret sampai Mei 2014. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari dua kelompok, masing-masing 20 subjek. Pemeriksaan dengan metode enzimatis kolorimetri yaitu GPO-PAP untuk trigliserida, dan CHOD-PAP untuk kolesterol total, HDL dan LDL. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji t dengan nilai p<0.05 dianggap bermakna secara statistik. Rerata kadar LDL pada Depo Medroksiprogesteron Asetat lebih tinggi (95,51 ± 20,47) mg/dl daripada Implant Levonorgestrel (79,35 ± 12,55) mg/dl dengan nilai p<0,05 artinya terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna sedangkan kadar trigliserida, kolesterol total dan HDL tidak bermakna. Kesimpulan penelitian in adalah terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna rerata kadar LDL pada Depo MedroksiprogesteronAsetat dan Implant Levonorgestrel, sedangkan kadar trigliserida, kolesterol total dan HDL tidak bermakna. Secara klinis profil lipid pada kedua kelompok dalam keadaan normal.Kata kunci: profil lipid, depo medroksiprogesteron asetat, implant levonorgestrelAbstractDepo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Levonorgestrel Implants are synthetic progestine hormonal contraceptives that have side effect in body weight and lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to determine the differences of lipid profile between acceptors Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Levonorgestrel Implants. This was a comparative cross sectional study. The study was done at laboratory of Biochemistry Departement in Medical Faculty of Andalas University from March until May 2014. The subjects were consisted of two groups, each group had 20 subjects. The examination used an enzymatic colorimetric method GPO-PAP for trygliserides and CHOD-PAP for total cholesterol, HDL and LDL. Data was analyzed using analysis of t-test with p<0.05 was considered to be significantly different. LDL levels average in Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate was (95,51 ± 20,47) mg/dl and Levonorgestrel Implants was (79,35 ± 12,55) mg/dl with p-value, it means there is a significantly difference, but levels of trygliserides, total cholesterol and HDL means there is no significantly difference. This research concluded that there is a significant difference on average levels of LDL in the Depo Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Levonorgestrel Implants but levels of trygliserides, total cholesterol and HDL there is no significantly difference. The clinically lipid profile in the two groups is in normal range.Keywords: lipid profile, depo medroxyprogesterone acetate and levonorgestrel implants

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A Cross-Sectional Study of Antibiotic Self-Medication

Thrita ◽

10.5812/thrita.105794 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Mousavi ◽

Parisa Shojaei ◽

Azadeh Nazemi ◽

Atefe Dadashi

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Side Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Self Medication ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives: This research has been conducted to study antibiotic self-medication, prevalence, and reasons. Methods: A questionnaire containing 30 comprehensive questions in terms of the experience of antibiotic self-medication was prepared. In this cross-sectional study, data were analyzed using analytical statistics bases on chi-square and logistic regression. Results: The results showed that 61.3% of the participants were self-antibiotic users. There was a significant difference only between gender and self-medication such that self-medication in males was more than females (P value = 0.027). Conclusions: Self-medication of antibiotics is almost high and requires more information about the side effects of these drugs in order to promote rational and physically prescribed use.

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Comprehensive Knowledge and Preparedness among Dental Community to Confront COVID 19—A Multicentric Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph19010210 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 210

Author(s):

Nada Faleh Almutairi ◽

Amani Abdullah Almaymuni ◽

Julie Toby Thomas ◽

Toby Thomas ◽

Abdullah Almalki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

P Value ◽

Full Time ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Protective Measures ◽

Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Comprehensive Knowledge ◽

One Year

The healthcare policy changes need to be updated for better management of the COVID-19 outbreak; hence, there is an urgent need to understand the knowledge and preparedness of healthcare workers regarding the infection control COVID-19. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the knowledge and preparedness towards COVID-19 among dentists, undergraduate, and postgraduates in dental universities one year after the COVID-19 outbreak. The multi-centric cross-sectional study was conducted by evaluating 395 structured, pre-coded, and validated questionnaires obtained from sample units comprising full-time dental students (undergraduates, interns, and postgraduates) and dentists who were currently in practice and who were able to comprehend the languages English or Arabic. The first part of the questionnaire included questions related to demographic characteristics. The second part of the survey consisted of questions that address knowledge concerning COVID-19. The third part of the survey addressed questions based on the preparedness to fight against COVID-19 including sharp injuries during this period. Comparing the knowledge scores of dentists, dental undergraduates, and postgraduates using the ANOVA test, dentists have higher knowledge and preparedness scores than postgraduates and undergraduates (p-value < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that undergraduates and postgraduates were 2.567 and 1.352 times less aware of the personal protective measures against COVID-19 than dentists, respectively. Dentists had the comparatively better perception in knowledge and awareness of COVID-19 than undergraduates and postgraduates.

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EFFECTIVENESS OF MISWAK AS COMPARED WITH TOOTHBRUSH: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal ◽

10.51253/pafmj.v71i5.7295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 1582-84

Author(s):

Hassam Anjum Mir ◽

Mubashir Sharif ◽

Ali Asif ◽

Maleeha Shamim ◽

Maaz Qureshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Armed Forces ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Index Score ◽

Plaque Index ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Objective: To determine if the traditional chewing stick Miswak was as effective in cleaning teeth as Toothbrush. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, from Aug 2020 to Jan 2021. Methodology: A total of 300 subjects were included which were divided in two groups on the basis of whether they used miswak or toothbrush as a cleaning aid. Group A was toothbrush users and group B was Miswak user. Plaque Index was used to determine the cleanliness of teeth. The scores were recorded and data analyzed using SPSS-23. Results: The means and standard deviations of Plaque Index score for group A and B were 0.96 ± 0.58 and 0.98 ± 0.56 respectively. The comparison of Plaque Index score for both groups was insignificant with the p-value of 0.083. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that, no significant difference was found in the effectiveness of traditional miswak and tooth brush. It is recommended that if the technique of teeth cleaning is good then any of the abovementioned means of teeth cleaning can be used.

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Who copes up well? – comparative assessment among urban, rural and tribal school children in Mysore district, Karnataka

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171800 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 1774

Author(s):

Prakash B. ◽

Pradeep T. S. ◽

Praveen Kulkarni ◽

M. R. Narayana Murthy

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

School Children ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Significant Difference

Background: One of the features of modern life is ever increasing stress. Stress is an epidemic in the 21st century that commonly affects all of us on a daily basis. Adolescence can be a stressful time as this age group people are dealing with the challenges of puberty, changing expectations and coping with new feelings. Coping is the process of managing demands (external or internal) that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person. Coping consists of efforts, both action-oriented and intrapsychic. The relationship between coping and a stressful event represents a dynamic process. With this background study was conducted to assess the coping ability of tribal, rural and urban school children of Mysuru District. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study conducted in Tribal, rural and urban Mysuru.A Pre tested semi-structured proforma which included general profile and socio-demographic profile of student was used. Information about coping skills was collected through Tobin Coping Strategies Inventory 32 item scale. Statistical analysis: Descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation were applied. Anova test for comparison of means between three groups. Independent t test was applied for comparison between two groups. The association was expressed statistically significant at p-value less than 0.05. Results: In regards to problem solving, cognitive restructuring, expressing emotions, social contact, wishful thinking, social withdrawal, self-criticism there was a significant difference among 3 groups with p-value <0.05, with regards to problem focused engagement and emotion focused engagement there was a significant difference among 3 groups with p-value< 0.05 with tribal high school participants having higher scores and with regards to engagement there was a significant difference among 3 groups with p-value <0.05 with tribal high school participants having higher scores.Conclusions: The present study was a community based cross sectional study conducted among tribal, rural and urban high school students of Mysuru district aged 14-16 years which revealed tribal school participants had better coping strategy next to urban. Males differed from females with respect to their coping strategies especially in rural and urban participants.

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A study of blood pressure in school children between the age of 6-12 years in Chennai, India: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20174758 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 2205

Author(s):

Madhivanan S. ◽

Harikrishnan E. ◽

Kumarasamy K.

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Clinical Examination ◽

Economic Status ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background: Blood pressure measurements in childhood are an important clinical examination. Present study was done to evaluate the normal range of blood pressure (BP) in children aged 6-12 years and to find its relationship with regard to age, sex, height and weight criteria and comparing the values with the available standards.Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was done in primary and middle schools of Chennai from January 2016 to May 2017. Three readings of blood pressure were recorded for each subject and were correlated with age, gender, socioeconomic status and anthropometry. Data was analysed on SPSS 20.0. P value of <0.05 was considered significantResults: A total of 2002 children (1026 boys, 976 girls) of age between 6-12 years were examined over 18 months. There was an upward trend in both systolic (r = 0.437, P<0.001) and diastolic BP (r = 0.386, P <0.001) with age. There was no statistically significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic BP with gender (P = 0.10), weight (P = 0.10) and height (P = 0.10). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean systolic and diastolic BP between low and high socio-economic groups (P <0.0001). The proportion of children with hypertension was 9.54% with a slight female preponderance.Conclusions: Blood pressure measurement in children is pivotal in clinical examination. It shows a linear relationship with age and varies across socio-economic status. Periodic recording of BP would enable identify hypertension at an early age.

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Evaluation of Gingival Health Status among 6- and 12-years-old Children in Dhamar City, Yemen: A Cross-sectional Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1869 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 440-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdullah G Amran ◽

Noor Al-Huda M Al-Rafik

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

School Children ◽

Primary Schools ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Early Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gingival Health ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction Epidemiological data on gingivitis in children are important for understanding the natural course of the disease, identifying its risk factors, and predicting its time trends. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of gingivitis among 6- and 12-year-old school children in Dhamar city, Yemen. Materials and methods A total of 663 children (310 children of 6 years old and 353 children of 12 years old) were examined from 10 public primary schools. Gingival health status was assessed using the plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), and gingival index (GI) on the six Ramfjord teeth. The latter index was used to categorize gingivitis severity at the subject level. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-squared test, and Spearman's correlation. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Both age groups had high mean of PI and GI with nonsignificant difference. The 12-year-old children had calculus deposits much higher than the 6-year-old group with significant difference. There was a significant correlation between age and gender of the whole sample with CI [(odds ratio, OR = 1.65, p = 0.003) and (OR = 0.74, p = 0.05) respectively]. Most of the participants presented with gingival inflammation, which was less in 12-year-old females. Conclusion Poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis were highly prevalent among Yemeni school children. Clinical significance The early assessment and intervention of gingivitis and periodontitis will minimize the chance of tooth loss. It has been reported that marginal gingivitis begins early in childhood, increases in prevalence and severity at puberty, and then subsides slightly to the remainder of the second decade of life. How to cite this article Amran AG, Alhajj MN, Al-Rafik NA-HM. Evaluation of Gingival Health Status among 6- and 12-years-old Children in Dhamar City, Yemen: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):440-444.

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ANALISIS KADAR ALBUMIN SERUM DENGAN RASIO DE RITIS PADA PENDERITA HEPATITIS B

INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY AND MEDICAL LABORATORY ◽

10.24293/ijcpml.v13i2.884 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 60

Author(s):

AT. Lopa ◽

B. Rusli ◽

M. Arif ◽

Hardjoeno Hardjoeno

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Serum Albumin ◽

Serum Albumin Level ◽

Chronic Phase ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Albumin Level ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Hepatitis is a inflammation process which may present in an acute or chronic phase. A decrease of serum albumin level may befound in liver disease. Ratio de Ritis in mild hepatitis is < 1 while in alcoholic hepatitis is >1. To analyze serum albumin level withratio de Ritis in hepatitis B patients. A cross sectional study was carried out comprising 46 subjects from October 2005 to August 2006measuring albumin level SGOT and SGPT levels using Lyasis autoanalyzer. Thirty eight males and eight females, the level of serumalbumin decreased with an average of albumin level 2.98 gr/dL (p<0.05). Twenty two subjects showed a ratio de Ritis ≤ 1 with theaverage albumin level 3.00 gr/dL and 24 subjects were included in group ratio de Ritis > 1 with average albumin level 2.96 gr/dL(p value = 0.658). There was a decrease of serum albumin level in hepatitis B patient but no significant difference between decrease ofserum albumin level with ratio of de Ritis ≤ 1 and ratio of de Ritis >1.

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Prevalence and Awareness of Ergonomics and Physical Activities in Controlling Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-964663/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Heba Sabbagh ◽

Asma Shagagi ◽

Hanin Basheer ◽

Rawa Mahmoud

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Work Related ◽

Significant Difference ◽

King Abdulaziz University

Abstract Background To assess the prevalence and awareness of ergonomics and physical activities in controlling work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among dental students, interns, and postgraduates at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University through a validated self-administered questionnaire. It was distributed among dental students from the fourth academic year to postgraduate level. Results A total of 402 students responded to the questionnaire; 337 (83.8%) reported suffering from musculoskeletal pain with 67.7% of participants did not take any measures to alleviate their symptoms and the majority reported limited physical activity. Females reported significantly higher MSD symptoms than males. Based on the location of the MSD pain, lower back pain (56.5%), neck pain (56.2%) and shoulder (50%) were the most frequently reported MSDs. There was a statistically significant difference in pain at various academic levels with undergraduate students reporting more pain than interns and postgraduate students (P= 0.009). The dental students' awareness of ergonomics and MSDs was found to be insufficient. Conclusion The prevalence of work-related MSDs is high among dental students at King Abdulaziz University, and awareness of ergonomics and MSDs among dental students is limited.

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