scholarly journals INSETICIDAL OILS FROM AMAZON PLANTS IN CONTROL OF FALL ARMYWORM

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA CLÁUDIA VIEIRA DOS SANTOS ◽  
CARROMBERTH CARIOCA FERNANDES ◽  
LUCAS MARTINS LOPES ◽  
ADALBERTO HIPÓLITO DE SOUSA
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Carapa Guianensis ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

ABSTRACT The potential insecticidal of oils from southwestern Amazon plants against Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was investigated. Initial bioassays were performed with undiluted oils from 11 plant species. The efficacy of the oils was evaluated against eggs and third -instar caterpillars of S. frugiperda. The oils of Copaifera sp. (Leguminosae), Orbignya phalerata (Arecaceae), and Carapa guianensis (Meliaceae) displayed a high efficacy against the caterpillars and were used in subsequent concentration-response bioassays, at concentrations established through preliminary tests. The highest nonlethal concentrations of oils and the lowest lethal concentrations were calculated. A completely randomized design was adopted in both bioassays. The LC50 of the oils varied from 7.50 to 60.84% (v/v). Copaifera sp. oil had the highest toxicity and was 6.84-fold more toxic than O. phalerata oil and 8.11-fold more toxic than Carapa guianensis oil. In general, oils from Copaifera sp., O. phalerata, and Carapa guianensis were effective in controlling S. frugiperda caterpillars under laboratory conditions, and are good candidates for use in integrated management programs of corn pests.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Insecticides Against Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício O. Fernandes ◽  
Jéssica A. Abreu ◽  
Lucas M. Christ ◽  
Ana Paula S. A. Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Biological Development ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Insecticide Control

The Brazil’s economy is supported by agribusiness, however, the continuous cycle of food production and favorable climate contributes to the incidence of pest insects all year round. The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is considered the main insect in the corn crop, due to voracity of the caterpillars and occurrence throughout the crop cycle. Therefore, the chemical control has been demanded considerably, causing emergence of populations resistant to the different products, as well as implications in the environment. Thus, studies are needed to evaluate the efficiency of chemical insecticide control according to the susceptibility and the stages of biological development of the pest. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of isolated and combined insecticides for the control of S. frugiperda caterpillars under laboratory conditions. In the residual and direct contact bioassays, 8 treatments with 5 replications were used in a completely randomized design, performed with 2nd and 5th instar. The results showed that by residual contact after 72 hours, clofenapir + zeta-cypermethrin treatment had 100% efficacy in the mortality of both instars. When applied via direct contact 72 hours later, the combined treatments showed an efficiency above 80%. However, for an integrated pest management program, where it was recommended the association of different control tactics, the management of insecticides with clofenapir + zeta-cypermethrin was effective with 100% control efficiency in both instars.

scholarly journals Experiences and Perspectives on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Management in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Njuguna ◽  
Phophi Nethononda ◽  
Karim Maredia ◽  
Ruth Mbabazi ◽  
Paul Kachapulula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Abstract It has been over five years since the first report of an outbreak of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Africa. The highly invasive pest, native to the Americas, has since spread across the African continent attacking many crops and causing significant yield loss to Africa’s staple crop, maize. From the onset of the outbreak, there have been massive and varied responses from farmers, governments and nongovernmental organizations. This mini-review provides various perspectives on S. frugiperda control in sub-Saharan Africa, building on previously published evidence, and experiences of the authors. It also highlights new technologies and lessons learned so far from the S. frugiperda outbreaks in sub-Saharan Africa, based on which suggestions on possible integrated management approaches are proffered.

scholarly journals Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) parasitism on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs: different parasitoid and host egg ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 2933
Author(s):  
Ana Paula de Queiroz ◽  
Bruna Magda Favetti ◽  
Pamela Gislaine Luski ◽  
Jaciara Gonçalves ◽  
Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Old Females ◽  
Telenomus Remus

Abstract: Release of egg parasitoids for biological control of pests is a promising technique in integrated pest management (IPM). However, there is a lack of information on the performance of parasitoid females of different ages, and specifically on the behavior of the parasitoid Telenomus remus towards pest eggs at different stages of embryonic development. Thus, the relationships between host age, parasitoid age, and parasitism by T. remus on Spodoptera frugiperda eggs were evaluated. Three separate bioassays were performed, each in a completely randomized design. In the first bioassay, T. remus females grouped by age in days (ranging from 1 to 10 days old) were offered 100 ± 20 eggs of S. frugiperda for 24 hours. In the second bioassay, 100 ± 20 eggs of S. frugiperda (24, 48 or 72 hours old) were offered to females of T. remus for 24 hours. In the third bioassay, 24, 48- and 72-hour-old host eggs of S. frugiperda were offered to T. remus females in a choice test. The variables evaluated were: number of parasitized eggs, parasitoid emergence (%), and sex ratio of progeny in bioassays 1 and 2, and the number of eggs parasitized in bioassay 3. The age of T. remus females did not affect the number of S. frugiperda eggs parasitized or emergence of the progeny. However, the sex ratio was more male-biased in the progeny of 1- and 2-day-old females compared to older wasps. In bioassay 2, the highest parasitism was observed in 24- and 48-hour-old eggs. Percentage emergence and sex ratios were not influenced by the ages of the eggs tested. Telenomus remus preferred to parasitize 24-hour-old eggs in bioassays 3. Overall, the age of T. remus females tested did not affect the parasitism of S. frugiperda eggs, but the number of eggs parasitized decreased with increasing host age.

scholarly journals REPELLENCY OF CELERY ESSENTIAL OILS (Apium graveolens L.) AGAINST Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) IN THE LABORATORY

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Trisnani Alif ◽  
Fita Fitriatul Wahidah
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Repellency of celery essential oil (Apium graveolens L.) against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in thelaboratory. Essential oil is one of the ingredients that has repellent ability to herbivorous insects. Celery is one of plantscontaining essential oil which may also have the repellent ability. This study was aimed to determine the differences in therepellent ability of celery essential oils compounds that were taken from 3 different locations against S. frugiperda in thelaboratory. This research was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factorwas the origin of the celery plants (Malang, Surabaya, and Lamongan) and the second factor was the concentration level ofessential oils (1000, 2000, and 3000 ppm) which was repeated three times. The reliability test was carried out using filter papermethod. The results showed that the essential oil extracted from celery originated from Malang with 3000 ppm concentrationhad the highest percentage level of repellency (level 5) that reached 93.33% of repellency. Location and concentration factorshad no different effect on S. frugiperda larvae repellency. There was no correlation between location and concentration on therepellency of S. frugiperda larvae.

scholarly journals Toxicity of entomopathogenic fungi against Spodoptera frugiperda larvae under laboratory conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 355-358
Author(s):  
Shahzad Muhammad Ayaz ◽  
Irfan Muhammad ◽  
Wahab Ahmad Abdul ◽  
Zafar Farhan ◽  
Abdulrehman Abdulrehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Early Instar ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Maize Fall Armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is considered an economically important pest and becoming the main threat to food security. This polyphagous pest is widely distributed in various countries of the world especially tropical and subtropical regions. The toxicity of two entomopathogenic fungi such as Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were evaluated against 2nd instar larvae of FAW under controlled conditions. The results showed that among tested entomopathogenic fungi, B. bassiana was found more toxic than M. anisopliae. B. bassiana caused 79% larval mortality while M. anisopliae 59%. M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were showed LT50 of 84.01 h and 80.99 h, respectively. M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were showed LC50 of 1.3×107 and 1.8×107 spores ml−1, respectively. The current study concluded that Entomopathogenic fungi can give effective control against early instar and further studies are needed to check the efficacy against older instars under field and laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Popcorn genotypes resistance to fall armyworm

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nádia Cristina de Oliveira ◽  
Andréia Kazumi Suzukawa ◽  
Carolina Bertuzzi Pereira ◽  
Hayssa Vilela Santos ◽  
Aldo Hanel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Canonical Variable ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Common ◽  
Biological Development ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate popcorn genotypes for resistance to the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. The experiment used a completely randomized design with 30 replicates. The popcorn genotypes Aelton, Arzm 05 083, Beija-Flor, Colombiana, Composto Chico, Composto Gaúcha, Márcia, Mateus, Ufvm Barão Viçosa, Vanin, and Viviane were evaluated,along with the common maize variety Zapalote Chico. Newly hatched fall armyworm larvae were individually assessed with regard to biological development and consumption of food. The data were subjected to multivariate analyses of variance and genetic divergence among genotypes was evaluated through the clustering methods of Tocher based on generalized Mahalanobis distances and canonical variable analyses. Seven popcorn genotypes, namely, Aelton, Arzm 05 083, Composto Chico, Composto Gaúcha, Márcia, Mateus, and Viviane,were shown to form a cluster (cluster I) that had antibiosis as the mechanism of resistance to the pest. Cluster I genotypes and the Zapalote Chico genotype could be used for stacking genes for antibiosis and non-preference resistance.

scholarly journals Impact of an Exotic Invasive Pest, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on Resident Communities of Pest and Natural Enemies in Maize Fields in Kenya

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Bonoukpoè Mawuko Sokame ◽  
Boaz Musyoka ◽  
Julius Obonyo ◽  
François Rebaudo ◽  
Elfatih M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Exotic Invasive Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exotic Invasive ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The interactions among insect communities influence the composition of pest complexes that attack crops and, in parallel, their natural enemies, which regulate their abundance. The lepidopteran stemborers have been the major maize pests in Kenya. Their population has been regulated by natural enemies, mostly parasitoids, some of which have been used for biological control. It is not known how a new exotic invasive species, such as the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), may affect the abundance and parasitism of the resident stemborers. For this reason, pest and parasitism surveys have been conducted, before and after the FAW invaded Kenya, in maize fields in 40 localities across 6 agroecological zones (AEZs) during the maize-growing season, as well as at 3 different plant growth stages (pre-tasseling, reproductive, and senescence stages) in 2 elevations at mid-altitude, where all maize stemborer species used to occur together. Results indicated that the introduction of the FAW significantly correlated with the reduction of the abundance of the resident communities of maize stemborers and parasitoids in maize fields; moreover, the decrease of stemborer density after the arrival of FAW occurred mostly at both reproductive and senescent maize stages. It also suggests a possible displacement of stemborers by FAW elsewhere; for example, to other cereals. However, since this study was conducted only three years after the introduction of the FAW, further studies will need to be conducted to confirm such displacements.

scholarly journals First record of a parasitoid, Megaselia (M) scalaris (Diptera: Phoridae) of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharanabasappa S. Deshmukh ◽  
S. Kiran ◽  
Atanu Naskar ◽  
Palam Pradeep ◽  
C. M. Kalleshwaraswamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outer Surface ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
First Record ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Megaselia Scalaris ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), has become a major threat in maize cultivation since its invasion to India in 2018. The humpbacked fly, Megaselia scalaris (Loew) (Diptera: Phoridae), was recorded as a laboratory parasitoid of FAW, for the first time in India. Initially, 30–40 maggots of M. (M) scalaris emerged out from the dead pre-pupa and pupa of laboratory-reared FAW. The fly laid up to 15 eggs on the outer surface of 6th instar larva or pre-pupa of the FAW. The incubation period was 1–2 days. The fly had 3 larval instars which lasted 3–4 days and a pupal period of 10–11 days. The adults survived for 6–7 days.

Impact of Bt cotton on the immune system and histology of the midgut of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin M. Cunha ◽  
Valéria Wanderley-Teixeira ◽  
Jorge B. Torres ◽  
Álvaro A.C. Teixeira ◽  
Thiago J.S. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Cry1ac Toxin ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Natural Tolerance ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Despite the efficiency of transgenic plants expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins as insecticides against several lepidopterans, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one species that presents low susceptibility to most Bt crops. This study investigated the effects of the Cry1Ac toxin expressed by Bt cotton in the midgut of S. frugiperda and its effects on the humoral and cellular immune responses. Three hypotheses were proposed and tested with contributing factors for the natural tolerance of S. frugiperda: (i) midgut regenerative cells are activated by the Cry1Ac toxin, and thus renew the epithelial cells damaged by the protein, (ii) Cry1Ac increased production of nitric oxide or phenoloxidase in the hemolymph, and (iii) there are qualitative and quantitative variations in the hemocyte levels of S. frugiperda. Caterpillars were reared using Bt cotton (Acala 90B) and non-Bt isolines (Acala 90), from the first to the fourth instar. The Bt cotton promoted elongation of the epithelial cells in the midgut of S. frugiperda caterpillars. Hence, evidence only supported the hypothesised increase of phenoloxidase (ii) and qualitative and quantitative differences in hemocyte levels (iii) in insects that were fed with Bt and non-Bt cotton. These parameters seem to explain the low susceptibility of S. frugiperda to Cry1Ac toxin and they are a viable set of responses for the evaluation of other xenobiotic factors.

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