scholarly journals Relationship between insulin and hypogonadism in men with metabolic syndrome

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1005-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda D. A. Caldas ◽  
Adriana Lofrano Porto ◽  
Lucilia Domingues Casulari da Motta ◽  
Luiz Augusto Casulari
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Free Testosterone ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence of hypogonadism in men with metabolic syndrome and its correlation with serum insulin levels. METHODS: Observational, transversal study with 80 men with metabolic syndrome. The individuals were divided into two groups: Group 1: 56 patients (70%) with total testosterone > 300 ng/dL (normal gonadal function); Group 2: 24 patients (30%) with total testosterone < 300 ng/dL (hypogonadic). RESULTS: The subjects from Group 2 compared to Group 1 presented higher body mass index (BMI), waist and hip circumferences, insulin, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) and beta cell (Homa-β), and triglycerides, but lower SHBG and free testosterone values. Inverse correlations between insulin levels and total testosterone and SHBG, as well as between Homa-IR and total testosterone were observed. CONCLUSION: In this series of men with metabolic syndrome, hypogonadism was associated with insulin resistance and may be a marker of metabolic abnormalities.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance and endothelial function are improved after folate and vitamin B12 therapy in patients with metabolic syndrome: relationship between homocysteine levels and hyperinsulinemia

2004 ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Setola ◽  
LD Monti ◽  
E Galluccio ◽  
A Palloshi ◽  
G Fragasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was (a) to study whether a folate and vitamin B12 treatment, aimed at decreasing homocysteine levels, might ameliorate insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel-III criteria and (b) to evaluate whether, under these metabolic conditions, there is a relationship between hyperhomocysteinemia and insulin resistance. DESIGN AND METHODS: A double-blind, parallel, identical placebo-drug, randomized study was performed for 2 months in 50 patients. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups. In group 1, patients were treated with diet plus placebo for 2 months. In group 2, patients were treated with diet plus placebo for 1 month, followed by diet plus folic acid (5 mg/day) plus vitamin B12 (500 microg/day) for another month. RESULTS: In group 2, folate treatment significantly decreased homocysteine levels by 27.8% (12.2+/-1.2 vs 8.8+/-0.7 micromol/l; P<0.01). A significant decrement was observed for insulin levels (19.9+/-1.7 vs 14.8+/-1.6 microU/ml; P<0.01) accompanied by a 27% reduction in the homeostasis model assessment levels. A positive relationship was found between the decrement of homocysteine and insulin levels (r=0.60; P<0.002). In parallel, endothelial dysfunction significantly improved in the treated group, since post-ischemic maximal hyperemic vasodilation increased by 29.8% and cGMP by 13.6% while asymmetrical dimethylarginine levels decreased by 21.7%. On the contrary, in group 1 patients, treated with placebo, no changes were shown in any of the variables. CONCLUSIONS: Folate and vitamin B12 treatment improved insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, along with decreasing homocysteine levels, in patients with metabolic syndrome, suggesting that folic acid has several beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease risk factors.

scholarly journals Endotrophin as a novel marker in PCOS and its relation with other adipokines and metabolic parameters: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204201882110496
Author(s):  
Gurhan Guney ◽  
Mine Islimye Taskin ◽  
Ozgur Baykan ◽  
Ertan Adali ◽  
Selin Gul Tezcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome is known to be the most common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age. Current evidence shows that regulatory proteins secreted from the adipose tissue called adipokines may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome. We planned to investigate the role of endotrophin that has never been researched in polycystic ovary syndrome before and its correlation with other metabolic parameters and adipokines such as adiponectin and ghrelin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Methods: Forty-three women ( n: 43) with polycystic ovary syndrome and 43 ( n: 43) women as a control group were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Serum levels of endotrophin, adiponectin, and ghrelin levels were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol levels, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, total testosterone, and triglyceride levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index, body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, and waist-to-hip ratio were also evaluated. Results: Total testosterone, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio, and triglyceride levels were higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome ( p < 0.01). No difference was detected between the groups in terms of body mass index, Ferriman Gallwey Score, waist-to-hip ratio, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels ( p > 0.05). We did not observe any significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels between the groups ( p > 0.05). Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome had significantly higher endotrophin levels ( p < 0.01). According to our regression analyses [area under the curve: 0.973 (0.935–1.000), 95% confidence interval, 95.2% sensitivity, and 100% specificity], it was shown that endotrophin greater than 92 ng/ml and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance greater than 2.5 might be good predictors for polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosis. Conclusion: We demonstrated that endotrophin level is higher in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and may have predicted polycystic ovary syndrome with increased homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index. There was no significant difference in adiponectin and ghrelin levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome group. Endotrophin may have a role in polycystic ovary syndrome etiology rather than other adipokines.

scholarly journals Serum uric acid and its association with metabolic syndrome and carotid atherosclerosis in obese children

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Pacifico ◽  
Vito Cantisani ◽  
Caterina Anania ◽  
Elisabetta Bonaiuto ◽  
Francesco Martino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Carotid Imt

ObjectiveThe association between hyperuricemia, metabolic syndrome (MS), and atherosclerotic vascular disease has been reported in adults, but very little is known about this association in children. The aims of our study were to ascertain the correlates of uric acid (UA) in a sample of obese children, and to investigate whether UA is associated with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) independently from classical risk factors including MS.MethodsWe analyzed carotid IMT along with serum triglycerides, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index (as homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, creatinine, and UA in 120 obese children and 50 healthy control children.ResultsUA concentrations were significantly higher in obese children compared with controls; moreover, they correlated with the most established cardiovascular risk factors. In the group of obese children, after adjustment for age, sex, pubertal stage, and creatinine, an independent association between UA levels and the presence of MS syndrome was observed (unstandardized coefficient, 0.044 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.015–0.072); P<0.01). Carotid IMT significantly increased in the fourth quartile of UA compared with that in the first, second, and third quartile (0.49 (0.46–0.53), 0.53 (0.49–0.56), and 0.55 (0.52–0.59) vs 0.61 (95% CI, 0.58–0.64); P<0.01). When multivariate analysis was performed after adjusting for age, gender, pubertal stage, creatinine, and MS (considered as a single clinical entity), or the individual components of MS simultaneously included, the association between UA and carotid IMT was significant (P<0.01).ConclusionsIn obese children and adolescents, increased UA levels are associated with carotid atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Association between proinsulin, insulin, proinsulin/insulin ratio, and insulin resistance status with the metabolic syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Pivatto ◽  
Patricia Bustos ◽  
Hugo Amigo ◽  
Ana Maria Acosta ◽  
Antonio Arteaga
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The Metabolic Syndrome (MS) constitutes an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease. There is evidence that proinsulin blood levels and the proinsulin/insulin ratio are associated to the MS. The purpose of this study was to compare proinsulin and insulin, insulin resistance index, and the proinsulin/insulin ratio as predictors of MS. This is a cross-sectional study involving 440 men and 556 women with a mean age of 24 years. Diagnosis of MS was made according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Blood levels of insulin and proinsulin were measured, and the insulin resistance status was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The prevalence of MS was 10.1%. HOMA-IR was the best MS risk factor for both women and men (OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.68-2.48 and 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.13, respectively). HOMA-IR presented the best positive predictive value for MS: 22% and 36% for men and women, respectively, and was the best MS indicator. The proinsulin/insulin ratio did not show significant association with MS. HOMA-IR, proinsulin, and insulin presented good negative predictive values for both genders that could be used to identify an at-risk population.

scholarly journals Adiponectin, an Adipocyte-Derived Protein, Predicts Future Insulin Resistance: Two-Year Follow-Up Study in Japanese Population

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukihiro Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroshi Hirose ◽  
Ikuo Saito ◽  
Kanako Nishikai ◽  
Takao Saruta
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Adiponectin Level ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index

It has been reported that the serum adiponectin level was negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), insulin resistance index, and triglycerides and was positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in several cross-sectional studies. However, the causal relationship has not been elucidated. We investigated whether the baseline adiponectin level could predict subsequent changes in insulin resistance, lipid profile, or body weight in a 2-yr longitudinal study. This study included 590 male Japanese subjects, aged 30–65 yr, who received annual health checkups in both 2000 and 2002. Blood pressure, heart rate, and anthropometric and metabolic parameters, including serum insulin and adiponectin levels, were determined. The insulin resistance index was calculated based on homeostasis model assessment. Baseline adiponectin level was not correlated with the subsequent change in lipid profile or BMI in 2 yr after adjustment for each baseline value. However, the baseline adiponectin level was negatively correlated with subsequent changes in insulin and insulin resistance index based on homeostasis model assessment, even after adjustment for change in BMI (r = −0.162 and r = −0.140, respectively). These findings suggest that the serum adiponectin concentration predicts subsequent changes in insulin resistance, but not in lipid profile or body weight.

Effect of leptin on the gallbladder in patients with metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia G. Virstyuk ◽  
N. R. Senyutovich
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group I

The study involved 58 patients with chronic noncalculous cholecystitis (CNC) divided into two groups. Group I included 30 CNC patients with metabolic syndrome (MS), group II 28 CNC patients without MS. The control group consisted of 20 healthy people. MS was diagnosed according to International Diabetes Federation guidelines (2005). The following anthropometric parameters were determined: body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio, blood lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), and low density lipoproteins (LDL)). Leptin and insulin levels were measured using commercial ELISA kits «Leptin ELISA» and «Insulin ELISA» (DRG International, Inc., USA) respectively. Insulin resistance index HOMA-IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance) was calculated. It was shown that leptin level in CNC patients with MS was 2.61 times that in healthy subjects (p <0.001) and 2.47 times higher than in CNC patients without MS (p <0.001). Significant direct correlations between leptin blood levels andBMI, HOMA-IR index, triglycerides, and cholesterol were documented. The relationships between blood levels of leptin and the thickness of the gallbladder (GB) wall, the amount of cholesterol crystals in bile, and decreased bile release rate from GB which suggests effect of leptin on the structural and functional changes in GB.

Dynamics of Carbohydrate Metabolism Indices during the Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with the Use оf Pathogenetic Therapy

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
O.M. Shvets ◽  
O.S. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To assess the dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism indices during the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with the use of pathogenetic therapy Materials and methods. We examined 40 patients with newly diagnosed destructive pulmonary tuberculosis with bilateral infiltrative changes and massive mycobacteria excretion. Exclusion criteria were: HIV infection/AIDS, diabetes mellitus, chronic hepatitis, extrapulmonary tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis without destruction and without bacterial excretion. Standardized four-component anti-TB treatment regimen was prescribed to all patients. The subjects were randomly distributed between two groups of 20 people. The treatment regimen for patients of group 2 was supplemented with a 10-day course of intravenous infusion of xylitol with a volume of 400 ml once a day. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, fasting insulin levels were determined, the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated, and clinical manifestations of intoxication were evaluated. For statistical data processing, the Statistica for Windows version 13.2 generalpurpose data processing software package was used. Results and discussion. At the beginning of treatment, patients of both groups had complaints typical for intoxication syndrome and signs of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in the form of the development of insulin resistance. The median value of the HOMA-IR index in group 1 was 3.03, and in group 2 it was 3.36. During the treatment, in group 2, whose patients received xylitol, a decrease in the average term of relief of intoxication symptoms was observed compared with group 1 (7±2 days vs 11±3 days) (p<0.05). In group 2 the median of insulin level decreased at a statistically significant level (p<0.05) (from 16.5 mcU/mL to 11.4 mcU/mL), and the insulin resistance index HOMA-IR decreased from 3.36 to 2.0, which allows us to suppose the positive effect of xylitol on the carbohydrate metabolism of patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis with destructive changes and mycobacteria excretion. Conclusions. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that xylitol has a positive modeling effect on the dynamics of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis with bacterial excretion.

scholarly journals Evaluation of insulin resistance in a cohort of HIV-infected youth

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaella Rosso ◽  
Arianna Parodi ◽  
Giuseppe d'Annunzio ◽  
Francesca Ginocchio ◽  
Laura Nicolini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Children And Young Adults

AbstractObjectiveMetabolic abnormalities, including impairment of glucose homeostasis, have been well characterized in HIV-infected patients. In contrast to adults, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus appear to be relatively uncommon finding in youth.DesignWe assessed insulin resistance, and associated risk factors, in a population of vertically HIV-infected children and young adults, when compared with a control population of healthy children.MethodsAt the time of enrolment, weeks of pregnancy, birth weight, sex, age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), pubertal stages, CDC classification, blood pressure, clinical lipodystrophy, hepatitis B or C co-infection, antiretroviral therapy, CD4 T lymphocyte counts, and HIV-RNA levels were recorded. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. These parameters were compared between HIV patients and healthy controls with multivariate analyses.ResultsFasting insulin levels (OR=1.21, P<0.001) and glycemia (OR=0.89, P<0.001) were significantly different between HIV-infected patients and controls. Antiretroviral therapy duration (r=0.281, P<0.05), triglyceride levels (r=0.286, P<0.05), age (r=0.299, P<0.05), and BMI SDS (r=0.485, P<0.001) were significant predictor variables of insulin resistance, expressed as HOMA-IR. Moreover, clinical lipodystrophy seems to be strongly correlated to glycemia (P<0.05), triglyceride levels (P<0.05), serum insulin levels (P<0.001), HOMA-IR (P<0.05), and also with therapy duration (P<0.05).ConclusionsBoth HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy demonstrate differential effects on glucose metabolism in HIV-infected children. Targeted prevention of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus in HIV-infected children and young adults is needed in order to avoid the associated long-term complications that would otherwise occur, given the improvement in life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals.

scholarly journals Lipid ratios and obesity indices are effective predictors of metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 204201882110666
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kałużna ◽  
Magdalena Czlapka-Matyasik ◽  
Pola Kompf ◽  
Jerzy Moczko ◽  
Katarzyna Wachowiak-Ochmańska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Visceral Adiposity Index ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Ratios

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Metabolic syndrome (MS) involves IR, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and visceral fat accumulation. Therefore, fatness indices and blood lipid ratios can be considered as screening markers for MS. Our study aimed to evaluate the predictive potential of selected indirect metabolic risk parameters to identify MS in PCOS. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 596 women aged 18–40 years, including 404 PCOS patients diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria and 192 eumenorrheic controls (CON). Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken, and blood samples were collected to assess glucose metabolism, lipid parameters, and selected hormone levels. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), and triglycerides-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (TG/HDL-C) were calculated. MS was assessed using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (AHA/NHLBI) criteria. Results: MS prevalence was significantly higher in PCOS versus CON. Patients with both MS and PCOS had more unfavorable anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic profiles versus those with neither MS nor PCOS and versus CON with MS. LAP, TG/HDL-C, VAI, and WHtR were the best markers and strongest indicators of MS in PCOS, and their cut-off values could be useful for early MS detection. MS risk in PCOS increased with elevated levels of these markers and was the highest when TG/HDL-C was used. Conclusions: LAP, TG/HDL-C, VAI, and WHtR are representative markers for MS assessment in PCOS. Their predictive power makes them excellent screening tools for internists and enables acquiring accurate diagnoses using fewer MS markers.

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