scholarly journals Mineralogy of the clay fraction of Alfisols in two slope curvatures: III - spatial variability

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Arantes Camargo ◽  
José Marques Júnior ◽  
Gener Tadeu Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Half Height ◽  
Mineralogical Properties ◽  
Crystallite Dimension ◽  
Xrd Patterns

A good knowledge of the spatial distribution of clay minerals in the landscape facilitates the understanding of the influence of relief on the content and crystallographic attributes of soil minerals such as goethite, hematite, kaolinite and gibbsite. This study aimed at describing the relationships between the mineral properties of the clay fraction and landscape shapes by determining the mineral properties of goethite, hematite, kaolinite and gibbsite, and assessing their dependence and spatial variability, in two slope curvatures. To this end, two 100 × 100 m grids were used to establish a total of 121 regularly spaced georeferenced sampling nodes 10 m apart. Samples were collected from the layer 0.0-0.2 m and analysed for iron oxides, and kaolinite and gibbsite in the clay fraction. Minerals in the clay fraction were characterized from their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, which were interpreted and used to calculate the width at half height (WHH) and mean crystallite dimension (MCD) of iron oxides, kaolinite, and gibbsite, as well as aluminium substitution and specific surface area (SSA) in hematite and goethite. Additional calculations included the goethite and hematite contents, and the goethite/(goethite+hematite) [Gt/(Gt+Hm)] and kaolinite/(kaolinite+gibbsite) [Kt/(Kt+Gb)] ratios. Mineral properties were established by statistical analysis of the XRD data, and spatial dependence was assessed geostatistically. Mineralogical properties differed significantly between the convex area and concave area. The geostatistical analysis showed a greater number of mineralogical properties with spatial dependence and a higher range in the convex than in the concave area.

High-spacing irregularly interstratified layer-silicates in the alluvial soil clays of Meerut, India

Clay Minerals ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Tomar
Keyword(s):  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Alluvial Plain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Soil Clays ◽  
Ap Horizon ◽  
Fine Clay ◽  
Xrd Patterns

AbstractThe mineralogy of the fine clay fraction (<0·2 μm) of two soil pedons (Aquic and Udic Haplustalfs) representing the wheat-sugarcane belt of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain was studied by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and by chemical analysis. The XRD patterns are characterized by unusually high spacings which are interpreted in terms of an interstratification comprising smectite, illite and ‘chlorite’ components. The CEC data (Ca/Mg and K/NH4) also indicate the possible presence of vermiculite. A plateau bridging the 7–10 Å maxima in K-saturated specimens heated at 300°C suggests interstratification of kaolinite and smectite, although this may not be part of the above interstratification. The diffuse bands shown by Mg-glycerol-solvated Ap-horizon clays at ∼21 Å, and the increasing elimination of XRD peaks in the > 10 Å region with distance from the surface, suggests that the expanding layers have a slight tendency to segregate in Ap horizon samples and that randomization tends to increase with depth. Discrete illite and small amounts of kaolinite were also detected.

WEATHERING OF CLAY MINERALS IN PODZOLS FROM THE APPALACHIAN HIGHLANDS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. DE KIMPE
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Mineralogical Properties

The clay fraction from various horizons of two Podzols sampled in the Appalachian Highlands was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and by a quantitative mineralogical procedure. Different cation saturation and heat treatments made it possible to detect differences in the mineralogical properties of the clays of the Ae horizon, but did not cause appreciable differences in the spectra of B and C horizon samples. In the Ae horizon, the clays were shown to have properties of both vermiculites and smectites. The paragonite-like structure induced by Na-saturation and moderate heat treatment is characteristic of minerals in the early stages of weathering from dioctahedral illites.

scholarly journals ÍNDICE DE CRISTALINIDADE DA ILITA E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS ARGILOMINERAIS DA FORMAÇÃO PIMENTA BUENO – BACIA DOS PARECIS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Melanya Sisti de Paiva ◽  
Gislaine Amorés Battilani ◽  
Rubia Ribeiro Viana ◽  
Maurício José dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Average Width ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kübler Index ◽  
Half Height ◽  
Intracratonic Basins ◽  
Bottom To Top

ResumoA Bacia dos Parecis é uma das maiores bacias intracratônicas brasileiras e poucos são os estudos relacionados à sua gênese. A Formação Pimenta Bueno, objeto desse estudo, é constituída, da base para o topo, de calcários, folhelhos, siltitos e arenitos. O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo estimar o provável estágio diagenético/metamórfico em que essas rochas foram submetidas, por meio do estudo de difratogramas de raios-X da fração argila e dos parâmetros do Índice de Kübler (Índice de Cristalinidade da Ilita). Os resultados indicam que essas rochas encontram-se na Epizona e, a média das medidas da largura a meia altura (FWHM) é de 0,16°. A análise de difratometria de raios – X indicou a presença de clorita, ilita, pirofilita, caulinita e esmectita (montmorilonita). Além das espécies bem definidas, identificou-se, também, argilominerais interestratificados de ilita/esmectita e clorita/esmectita.Palavras Chave: Cristalinidade da ilita; Bacia dos Parecis; Formação Pimenta Bueno.AbstractINDEX CRYSTALLINITY OF ILLITE AND CHARACTERIZATION CLAY MINERALS OF PIMENTA BUENO FORMATION – PARECIS BASIN. The Parecis basin is one of the largest Brazilian intracratonic basins and few are the studies related to its genesis. Pimenta Bueno Formation, object of this study, is represented, from bottom to top, by limestones, shales, siltstones and sandstones. To achieve the objectives of this study, knowing the diagenetic stage and / or metamórphic degree to which were subjected the Parecis Basin rocks, were developed diffraction studies of X-ray of the clay fraction, followed by the calculation of the Kübler Index parameters (crystallinity of iIlita). The results indicated that these rocks are at the Epizone and the average width measured at half height (FWHM) is 0.16 °. The X-ray diffraction indicated the presence of the chlorite, illite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite and smectite (montmorillonite). Likewise were identified interstratified phases of Illite/ smectite and chlorite / smectite.Keywords: Crystallinity of Ilita; Parecis Basin; Pimenta Bueno Formation.

scholarly journals Mineralogical characterization of clay fraction of Chalan Beel soils of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABMS Islam ◽  
MS Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Scanning Speed ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Top soils of four different series viz Jaonia (Typic Haplaquept), Halti (Typic Haplaquept), Taras (Aeric Haplaquept) and Digli (Typic Haplaquept) developed on Atrai river alluvium were studied to investigate the clay mineralogical composition. X-ray diffraction technique was employed to identify and quantify the minerals. The XRD patterns were obtained with Ni-filter Cu kα - radiation at a scanning speed of 2º2θ min and the amount of minerals was estimated by XRD peak intensities at parallel powder mount. Mica was the dominant clay mineral (33 - 51%) in all soils, followed by quartz (13 -19%). The kaolinite contents were small (8 - 10%) over the soils. The occurrence of vermiculite in the Digli and Taras soils (9 and 7% respectively) indicates a considerable transformation of mica. There is very little or no smectite minerals in the soils which might be due to poor parent material and disappearance of smectite from the top soils. Appreciable amount of primary minerals like quartz and feldspars have also been observed in the clay fraction of the soils. Keywords: Clay minerals; Chalan beel; X-ray diffraction DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4819 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 253-260, 2008

scholarly journals Provenance and Sedimentary Context of Clay Mineralogy in an Evolving Forearc Basin, Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene and Eocene Mudstones, San Joaquin Valley, California

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Andrew Hurst ◽  
Michael Wilson ◽  
Antonio Grippa ◽  
Lyudmyla Wilson ◽  
Giuseppe Palladino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Bulk Rock ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Arc Volcanism ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magmatic Arc ◽  
Tropical Weathering

Mudstone samples from the Moreno (Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene) and Kreyenhagen (Eocene) formations are analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine their mineralogy. Smectite (Reichweite R0) is the predominant phyllosilicate present, 48% to 71.7% bulk rock mineralogy (excluding carbonate cemented and highly bio siliceous samples) and 70% to 98% of the <2 μm clay fraction. Opal CT and less so cristobalite concentrations cause the main deviations from smectite dominance. Opal A is common only in the Upper Kreyenhagen. In the <2 μm fraction, the Moreno Fm is significantly more smectite-rich than the Kreyenhagen Fm. Smectite in the Moreno Fm was derived from the alteration of volcaniclastic debris from contemporaneous rhyolitic-dacitic magmatic arc volcanism. No tuff is preserved. Smectite in the Kreyenhagen Fm was derived from intense sub-tropical weathering of granitoid-dioritic terrane during the hypothermal period in the early to mid-Eocene; the derivation from local volcanism is unlikely. All samples had chemical indices of alteration (CIA) indicative of intense weathering of source terrane. Ferriferous enrichment and the occurrence of locally common kaolinite are contributory evidence for the intensity of weathering. Low concentration (max. 7.5%) of clinoptilolite in the Lower Kreyenhagen is possibly indicative of more open marine conditions than in the Upper Kreyenhagen. There is no evidence of volumetrically significant silicate diagenesis. The main diagenetic mineralisation is restricted to low-temperature silica phase transitions.

scholarly journals Influence of Li2CO3 addition on electrical and magnetic properties of Ni0.6Mg0.4Fe2O4

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050003
Author(s):  
M. R. Hassan ◽  
M. T. Islam ◽  
M. N. I. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Charge Carriers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrical And Magnetic Properties ◽  
Frequency Regime ◽  
Xrd Patterns

In this research, influence of adding Li2CO3 (at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%) on electrical and magnetic properties of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]Fe2O4 (with 60% Ni and 40% Mg) ferrite has been studied. The samples are prepared by solid state reaction method and sintered at 1300∘C for 6[Formula: see text]h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show the samples belong to single-phase cubic structure without any impurity phase. The magnetic properties (saturation magnetization and coercivity) of the samples have been investigated by VSM and found that the higher concentration of Li2CO3 reduces the hysteresis loss. DC resistivity increases with Li2CO3 contents whereas it decreases initially and then becomes constant at lower value with temperature which indicates that the studied samples are semiconductor. The dielectric dispersion occurs at a low-frequency regime and the loss peaks are formed in a higher frequency regime, which are due to the presence of resonance between applied frequency and hopping frequency of charge carriers. Notably, the loss peaks are shifted to the lower frequency with Li2CO3 additions.

Determination of crystallinity of Chinese handmade papers by means of X-ray diffraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Hongbin Zhang ◽  
Sinong Wang ◽  
Hui Yu ◽  
Bingjie Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Influence ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eulaliopsis Binata ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Xrd Method

AbstractThe crystallinity indices (CrI) of Chinese handmade papers were investigated using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. Four Chinese handmade papers, Yingchun, Zhuma, Yuanshu and Longxucao papers were used as model substrates of mulberry bark, ramie, bamboo and Eulaliopsis binata papers, respectively. Two forms of the paper samples, paper sheets and their comminuted powders, were used in this study. The results showed that their XRD patterns belong to the cellulose-I type and Iβ dominates the cellulose microstructure of these paper samples. Moreover, it was found that the microstructures and CrIs of cellulose of these papers were changed by the grinding treatment. This work suggested that the sheet form of the handmade papers is suitable to determine CrI by XRD, despite the contribution of non-cellulosic components in the papers. The order of CrIs for these paper sheet samples was Yingchun, Zhuma, Longxucao and Yuanshu papers. Besides CrIs, differences in cross-sectional areas of the crystalline zone of cellulose can be used for comparing different types of handmade papers. It was also found that the CrIs and crystallite size of paper cellulose varied between the sheet samples and the powder samples, illustrating that the pulverisation has a negative influence on the microstructure of the handmade papers.

scholarly journals Discovery of Fe7O9: a new iron oxide with a complex monoclinic structure

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryosuke Sinmyo ◽  
Elena Bykova ◽  
Sergey V. Ovsyannikov ◽  
Catherine McCammon ◽  
Ilya Kupenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Iron oxides are fundamentally important compounds for basic and applied sciences as well as in numerous industrial applications. In this work we report the synthesis and investigation of a new binary iron oxide with the hitherto unknown stoichiometry of Fe7O9. This new oxide was synthesized at high-pressure high-temperature (HP-HT) conditions, and its black single crystals were successfully recovered at ambient conditions. By means of single crystal X-ray diffraction we determined that Fe7O9 adopts a monoclinic C2/m lattice with the most distorted crystal structure among the binary iron oxides known to date. The synthesis of Fe7O9 opens a new portal to exotic iron-rich (M,Fe)7O9 oxides with unusual stoichiometry and distorted crystal structures. Moreover, the crystal structure and phase relations of such new iron oxide groups may provide new insight into the cycling of volatiles in the Earth’s interior.

Effects of Different Sintering Temperature on the Microstructure and Piezoelectric Properties of Pb(Nb2/3Zn1/3)x(Zr52Ti48)1-XO3 Ceramics

2014 ◽  
Vol 1061-1062 ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Hong Wu ◽  
De Yi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Piezoelectric Properties ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling Coefficient ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, the effects of different sintering temperature on the microstructure and piezoelectric properties of Pb(Nb2/3Zn1/3)0.03(Zr52Ti48)0.97O3(PNZZT) ceramic samples were investigated. The Pb(Nb2/3Zn1/3)0.03(Zr52Ti48)0.97O3 ceramics materials was prepared by a conventional mixed oxide method. In the period of the experiment, the relationship between crystallographic phase and microstructure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) respectively. The XRD patterns shows that all of the ceramic samples are with a tetragonal perovskite structure. Along with sintering temperature increased and the x is 0.03, the grain size gradually become big. Through this experiment, it has been found that when the x is 0.03 and sintered at 1130°C for 2 h, the grains grow well, the grain-boundary intersection of the sample combined well and the porosity of the ceramics decreased, an excellent comprehensive electrical properties of the Pb(Nb2/3Zn1/3)0.03(Zr52Ti48)0.97O3 samples can be obtained. Its best electrical properties are as follows: dielectric constant (ε) is 1105, dielectric loss(tg) is 0.017, electromechanical coupling coefficient (Kp) is 0.287, piezoelectric constant(d33) is 150PC/N

Effect of Fly Ash and Slag on the Resistance to H2S Attack of Oil Well Cement

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Lin Qiao ◽  
Peng Song
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Oil Well Cement ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Well Cement

In this paper, the resistance to H2S attack of pastes made from slag-fly ash blended cement used in oil well (SFAOW) was studied, in which fly ash (FA) was used at replacement dosages of 30% to 60% by weight of slag. Samples of SCOW and SFAOW pastes were demoulded and cured by immersion in fresh water with 2 Mp H2S insulfflation under 130oC for 15 days. After this curing period, compression strength and permeability of the samples were investigated. The reaction mechanisms of H2S with the paste were carried out through a microstructure study, which included the use of x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Based on the obtained data in this study, incorporation of FA into SCOW results in the comparable effects in the resistance to H2S attack. When the replacement dosage of slag is about 40%, the paste exhibits the best performance on resistance to H2S attack with compression strength 36.58Mp.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document