scholarly journals Effects of Cinnamon extract on biochemical enzymes, TNF-α and NF-κB gene expression levels in liver of broiler chickens inoculated with Escherichia coli

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mahmoud Tabatabaei ◽  
Reza Badalzadeh ◽  
Gholam-Reza Mohammadnezhad ◽  
Reza Balaei
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Abstract: Infection with Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common disease in poultry industry. The use of antibiotics to treat diseases is facing serious criticism and concerns. The medicinal plants may be effective alternatives because of their multiplex activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of cinnamon extract on the levels of liver enzymes, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) gene expressions in liver of broiler chickens infected with E. coli. Ninety Ross-308 broilers were divided into healthy or E. coli-infected groups, receiving normal or cinnamon extract (in concentrations of 100 or 200mg/kg of food) supplemented diets. E. coli suspension (108cfu) was injected subcutaneously after 12 days cinnamon administration. Seventy-two hours after E. coli injection, the blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis of liver enzymes in serum (spectrophotometrically), and liver tissue samples were obtained for detection of gene expression of inflammatory markers TNF-α and NF-κB, using real-time PCR. Infection with E. coli significantly increased the levels of TNF-α and NF-κB gene expressions as well as some liver enzymes including creatine-kinase (CK), lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine-transferase (ALT) and aspartate-transferase (AST) as compared with control group (P<0.05). Pre-administration of cinnamon extract in broilers diet (in both concentrations) significantly reduced the tissue levels of TNF-α and NF-κB gene expressions and enzymes CK and ALT in serum of broiler chickens inoculated with E. coli in comparison with E. coli group (P<0.05 and P<0.01). The levels of LDH and AST were significantly decreased only by 200mg/kg cinnamon extract in infected broilers. The level of alkaline-phosphatase (ALP) was not affected in any groups. Pre-administration of cinnamon extract in diets of broiler chickens inoculated with E. coli could significantly reduce the gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and liver enzymes activities, thereby protecting the liver against this pathologic condition.

scholarly journals Differential Gene Expression of Three Mastitis-Causing Escherichia coli Strains Grown under Planktonic, Swimming, and Swarming Culture Conditions

mSystems ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Lippolis ◽  
Brian W. Brunelle ◽  
Timothy A. Reinhardt ◽  
Randy E. Sacco ◽  
Tyler C. Thacker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacterial Motility ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Iron Regulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Compare Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

ABSTRACT Bacteria can exhibit various types of motility. It is known that different types of motilities can be associated with virulence. In this work, we compare gene expression levels in bacteria that were grown under conditions that promoted three different types of E. coli motility. Better understanding of the mechanisms of how bacteria can cause an infection is an important first step to better diagnostics and therapeutics. Bacterial motility is thought to play an important role in virulence. We have previously shown that proficient bacterial swimming and swarming in vitro is correlated with the persistent intramammary infection phenotype observed in cattle. However, little is known about the gene regulation differences important for different motility phenotypes in Escherichia coli. In this work, three E. coli strains that cause persistent bovine mastitis infections were grown in three media that promote different types of motility (planktonic, swimming, and swarming). Using whole-transcriptome RNA sequencing, we identified a total of 935 genes (~21% of the total genome) that were differentially expressed in comparisons of the various motility-promoting conditions. We found that approximately 7% of the differentially expressed genes were associated with iron regulation. We show that motility assays using iron or iron chelators confirmed the importance of iron regulation to the observed motility phenotypes. Because of the observation that E. coli strains that cause persistent infections are more motile, we contend that better understanding of the genes that are differentially expressed due to the type of motility will yield important information about how bacteria can become established within a host. Elucidating the mechanisms that regulate bacterial motility may provide new approaches in the development of intervention strategies as well as facilitate the discovery of novel diagnostics and therapeutics. IMPORTANCE Bacteria can exhibit various types of motility. It is known that different types of motilities can be associated with virulence. In this work, we compare gene expression levels in bacteria that were grown under conditions that promoted three different types of E. coli motility. Better understanding of the mechanisms of how bacteria can cause an infection is an important first step to better diagnostics and therapeutics.

Effects of the floor type on the gene expression of Hspa1a and cytokines in Holstein dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkerim DÝLER
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Rubber Mat ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Tnf Gene ◽  
Mrna Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

This study was carried out to identify the HSPA1A, TNF, IL1B and IL6 mRNA gene expression levels of Holstein dairy cattle sheltered in different floor types. Nineteen Holstein cows were used in this study. The cattle taken into research were divided into two groups as concrete (CON; n= 10) or rubber mat (RUB; n=9). HSPA1A, TNF, IL1B and IL6 mRNA genes are isolated from milk somatic cells and the gene expression is identified by Real-Time PCR. Between the groups, the HSPA1A (P less than 0.01) and IL1B (P less thann 0.05) gene expression levels were found to be statistically significant, while IL6 and TNF gene expressions were not significant. While the IL6 and TNF gene expression differences are insignificant between the groups, numerically higher level of gene expression was observed in the CON group. Overall results of the study suggested that the rubber mat floor type has a positive impact on both the animal welfare and the udder health.

scholarly journals Interleukin gene expression in broiler chickens infected by different Escherichia coli serotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 2727-2734
Author(s):  
Reham Elnagar ◽  
Rasha Elkenany ◽  
Gamal Younis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Prevalence

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli is the cause of avian colibacillosis, a significant threat to the poultry industry and public health. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of E. coli in diseased chicken broilers, pathological effects of these bacteria, and interleukin (IL) gene expression of different serotypes of E. coli (O78, O26, O44, and O55) on experimentally infected chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 295 organ samples (liver, lungs, heart, and spleen) from 59 diseased broiler chickens were used for conventional identification of E. coli. Chickens were orally infected with one of the following E. coli serotypes (O78, O26, O44, or O55) and examined for clinical signs, mortality, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, and IL gene expression using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: E. coli was isolated from 53.2% of broiler chicken organs with a high prevalence in lungs (26.1%). The most prevalent serotypes were O78, O26, O44, O55, O157, and O127 prevalence of 27.8, 22.2, 16.7, 16.7, 5.6, and 5.6%, respectively. In the experimental design, five groups (G1-G5) of birds were established. G1 served as the negative control group, while G2-G5 were challenged orally with E. coli O78, O26, O55, or O44, respectively. Chickens infected with E. coli O78 or O26 showed significant clinical signs in comparison to the other infected birds. Mortality (13.3%) was only observed in birds infected with E. coli O78. Necropsy of dead birds after E. coli O78 infection showed pericarditis, enteritis, airsacculitis, and liver and lung congestion. More severe histopathological changes were observed in intestines, spleen, liver, and lung from chickens infected with either E. coli O78 or O26 than for birds infected with other serotypes. On the 2nd day post-infection, E. coli challenge, particularly with E. coli O78, displayed significantly upregulated levels of ileal IL-6 and IL-8, but ileal IL-10 level tended to be downregulated in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: This study assessed the application of cytokines as therapeutic agents against infectious diseases, particularly colibacillosis.

IL-10 deficiency protects hamsters from Leptospira infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xufeng Xie ◽  
Tianbao Lv ◽  
Dianjun Wu ◽  
Haozhe Shi ◽  
Shilei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Leptospirosis is a globally spread zoonotic disease with outcomes ranging from subclinical infection to fatal Weil syndrome. In addition to antibiotics, some immune activators have shown protective effects against leptospirosis. However, the unclear relationship between Leptospira and cytokines, has limited the development of antileptospiral immunomodulators. In this study, the particular role of IL-10 in leptospirosis was explored by using IL-10 defective (IL-10 -/- ) hamsters. After Leptospira infection, an improved survival rate, reduced leptospiral burden and alleviation of organ lesions were found in IL-10 -/- hamsters compared with WT hamsters. In addition, the gene expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and the NO level were higher in IL-10 -/- hamsters than in WT hamsters. Our results indicate that IL-10 deficiency protects hamsters from Leptospira infection.

scholarly journals Modulated efficacy CRISPRi reveals evolutionary conservation of essential gene expression-fitness relationships in bacteria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Hawkins ◽  
Melanie R. Silvis ◽  
Byoung-Mo Koo ◽  
Jason M. Peters ◽  
Marco Jost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Cellular Networks ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Essential Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Conservation ◽  
Essential Genes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

AbstractEssential genes are the central hubs of cellular networks. Despite their importance, the lack of high-throughput methods for titrating their expression has limited our understanding of the fitness landscapes against which essential gene expression levels are optimized. We developed a modified CRISPRi system leveraging the predictable reduction in efficacy of imperfectly matched sgRNAs to generate specific levels of CRISPRi activity and demonstrate its broad applicability in bacteria. Using libraries of mismatched sgRNAs, we characterized the expression-fitness relationships of essential genes in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Remarkably, these relationships co-vary by pathway and are predominantly conserved between E. coli and B. subtilis despite ~ 2 billion years of evolutionary separation, suggesting that deeply conserved tradeoffs underlie bacterial homeostasis.One Sentence SummaryBacterial essential genes have varying responses to CRISPRi knockdown that are largely conserved across ~2 billion years of evolution.

scholarly journals Protective effects of aerobic exercise on survival, MOSD, and blood glucose response during sepsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xishuai Wang ◽  
Zhiqing Wang ◽  
Donghui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Abstract Aim: In the present study, we attempted to investigate whether aerobic exercise could prevent sepsis and its complications and explored the related mechanisms. Methods: Forty ICR mice were divided into four groups: control (Con), LPS, exercise (Ex), and exercise + LPS (Ex + LPS). Low-intensity aerobic exercise was performed for 4 weeks. Forty-eight hours after the last exercise intervention, LPS and Ex+LPS mice received 5 mg/kg LPS intraperitoneally for induction of sepsis. This study examined the effects of a 4-week exercise pretreatment on LPS-induced changes in blood glucose (BG) levels; inflammatory cytokine levels in BALF; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts; the degree of pulmonary edema; neutrophil density in liver, lung, and kidney tissues; and the gene expression levels of IL-1RN, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, Sirt-1, and Nrf-2 in lung tissue. Sixty mice were used to perform survival rate analysis. Results: A 4-week exercise pretreatment significantly reversed the histopathological severity of LPS-induced lung, heart, liver, kidney, and aortic injuries (P < 0.05) and ameliorated neutrophil inflammation in the lung, heart, liver, and kidney (P < 0.05). A 4-week exercise pretreatment improved survival rates (P < 0.01), deranged glucose homeostasis (P < 0.01), and pulmonary edema (P < 0.01) in mice with sepsis. A 4-week exercise pretreatment increased the levels of IL-6 (P < 0.05), IL-10 (P < 0.05), and IL-1RN (P < 0.05) and decreased the levels of IL-8 (P < 0.05) and TNF-α (P < 0.05) in BALF. A 4-week exercise pretreatment decreased the gene expression levels of IL-8 (P < 0.01) and TNF-α (P < 0.01) and increased the gene expression levels of IL-1RN (P < 0.01) and IL-10 (P < 0.01) in mice with sepsis. 4-week exercise pretreatment activated the gene expression levels of lung protective factors Sirt-1 (P < 0.01) and Nrf-2 (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise improved survival rates, multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS), and deranged glucose homeostasis in mice with sepsis. Aerobic exercise alleviated lung injury partly because aerobic exercise exerted immune effects and activated Sirt-1/Nrf-2 signaling.

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