Interleukin gene expression in broiler chickens infected by different Escherichia coli serotypes

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli is the cause of avian colibacillosis, a significant threat to the poultry industry and public health. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of E. coli in diseased chicken broilers, pathological effects of these bacteria, and interleukin (IL) gene expression of different serotypes of E. coli (O78, O26, O44, and O55) on experimentally infected chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 295 organ samples (liver, lungs, heart, and spleen) from 59 diseased broiler chickens were used for conventional identification of E. coli. Chickens were orally infected with one of the following E. coli serotypes (O78, O26, O44, or O55) and examined for clinical signs, mortality, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, and IL gene expression using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: E. coli was isolated from 53.2% of broiler chicken organs with a high prevalence in lungs (26.1%). The most prevalent serotypes were O78, O26, O44, O55, O157, and O127 prevalence of 27.8, 22.2, 16.7, 16.7, 5.6, and 5.6%, respectively. In the experimental design, five groups (G1-G5) of birds were established. G1 served as the negative control group, while G2-G5 were challenged orally with E. coli O78, O26, O55, or O44, respectively. Chickens infected with E. coli O78 or O26 showed significant clinical signs in comparison to the other infected birds. Mortality (13.3%) was only observed in birds infected with E. coli O78. Necropsy of dead birds after E. coli O78 infection showed pericarditis, enteritis, airsacculitis, and liver and lung congestion. More severe histopathological changes were observed in intestines, spleen, liver, and lung from chickens infected with either E. coli O78 or O26 than for birds infected with other serotypes. On the 2nd day post-infection, E. coli challenge, particularly with E. coli O78, displayed significantly upregulated levels of ileal IL-6 and IL-8, but ileal IL-10 level tended to be downregulated in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: This study assessed the application of cytokines as therapeutic agents against infectious diseases, particularly colibacillosis.

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Efficacy of Live Attenuated Vaccine and Commercially Available Lectin against Avian Pathogenic E. coli Infection in Broiler Chickens

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci7020065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ahmed I. Abd El-Mawgoud ◽

El-Shayma El-Nahass ◽

Salama A.S. Shany ◽

Azza A. EL-Sawah ◽

Al-Hussien M. Dahshan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽

E Coli ◽

Attenuated Vaccine ◽

Preventive Medication ◽

Challenge Group

In this study, the protective efficacy of an E. coli live attenuated vaccine was compared to the preventive administration of lectin preparation before the challenge. Two hundred broiler chicks were divided into eight equal groups. The first group was used as a negative control group. Three groups were vaccinated at day 1 with the avian colibacillosis live vaccine of which one group served as a vaccinated nonchallenged group. Another two groups were treated with lectin product (0.5 mL/L drinking water) for three days before the challenge. The last two groups served as challenge control for either E. coli O78 or O125 strains. The challenge was conducted at three weeks of age with either homologous O78 or heterologous O125 E. coli strains, using 0.5 mL/bird of each avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) strain (~108 colony forming units “CFU”/mL)/subcutaneously. The bodyweight and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were calculated for four weeks. Clinical signs and gross and histopathological lesions were scored at two and seven days post inoculation (dpi). The heart and liver of euthanized chickens at 2 dpi were removed aseptically and homogenized to evaluate pathogenic E. coli colonization. Results showed that live avian colibacillosis vaccine reduced mortalities and APEC colonization in the homologous challenge group but not in the heterologous challenge group. Lectin-treated groups showed 20% and 16% mortality after challenge with E. coli O78 and O125, respectively, and both groups showed performance parameters, clinical signs, and histopathological lesion scores comparable to the negative control group, with variable E. coli colonization of heart and liver. The study demonstrated the efficacy of live attenuated avian colibacillosis vaccine against homologous but not heterologous APEC challenge in broiler chickens. The lectin-containing products can be used as a preventive medication to reduce the clinical impacts of colibacillosis regardless of the challenge strain. Standardization of the evaluation parameters for APEC vaccines is recommended.

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Protective Effect of Curcumin on Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli–Induced Lung Injury in Rats

International Surgery ◽

10.9738/intsurg-d-15-00256.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 101 (7-8) ◽

pp. 304-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cagla Bali ◽

Nejat Altintas ◽

Ozlem Ozmete ◽

Ibrahim Gelincik ◽

Hakan Yabanoglu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Intraperitoneal Injection ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

E Coli ◽

Carbapenem Resistant

Curcumin has remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of curcumin on a rat model of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli–induced acute lung injury (ALI). Thirty-two rats were randomly allocated to 4 groups to induce an ALI: negative control group (rats not infected with E coli with no antibiotic treatment), positive control group (rats infected with E coli with no antibiotic treatment), imipenem group (rats infected with E coli that received intraperitoneal injection of imipenem), and the imipenem+curcumin group (rats infected with E coli that received intraperitoneal injection of imipenem and were fed on curcumin).The rats were killed, and lung tissues samples were harvested for biochemical analyses and histopathologic examination. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin-6 (IL6) were measured. TOS increased in the positive control group (P < 0.001) and decreased in the imipenem and imipenem+curcumin groups (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). TAS decreased in the positive control group (P = 0.005). Imipenem treatment did not increase TAS, but the imipenem+curcumin group increased TAS (P = 0.014). TNFα and IL6 increased in the positive control group compared with the negative control group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Imipenem decreased TNFα (P < 0.001), but did not decrease IL6 (P = 0.418). Imipenem+curcumin decreased TNFα (P < 0.001); this decrease was more pronounced compared with the imipenem group (P = 0.008). IL6 decreased in the curcumin group compared with the positive control group (P = 0.011). Curcumin combined with imipenem can be an alternative therapeutic agent to overcome the resistance of E coli strains.

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Exploratory field study on the effects of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) sow vaccination at different physiological stages mimicking blanket vaccination

Porcine Health Management ◽

10.1186/s40813-021-00213-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Patricia Pleguezuelos ◽

Marina Sibila ◽

Raúl Cuadrado ◽

Rosa López-Jiménez ◽

Diego Pérez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Porcine Circovirus 2

Abstract Background The objective of the present study was to explore the benefits of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) blanket vaccination in a sow herd on productive parameters, PCV-2 infection and immune status in sows and their progeny. For this purpose, 288 sows were distributed among four balanced experimental groups. One group remained as negative control group and the other three received 1 mL of PCV-2 Ingelvac Circoflex® intramuscularly at different productive cycle moments: before mating, mid gestation (42–49 days post-insemination) or late gestation (86–93 days post-insemination); phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used as negative control item. Reproductive parameters from sows during gestation and body weight of their progeny from birth to weaning were recorded. Additionally, blood was collected from sows at each vaccination time and piglets at 3 weeks of age. Moreover, up to 4 placental umbilical cords (PUC) per sow were taken at peri-partum. Sera from sows and piglets were analysed for PCV-2 antibody detection using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera from sows and PUC were tested to quantify viraemia using a real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Results Globally, results indicated that vaccinated sows showed heavier piglets at birth and at weaning, less cross-fostered piglets, lower viral load at farrowing as well as in PUC, and higher antibody levels at farrowing, compared to non-vaccinated ones. When all groups were compared among them, sows vaccinated at mid or late gestation had heavier piglets at birth than non-vaccinated sows, and lower proportion of PCV-2 positive PUC. Also, cross-fostering was less frequently practiced in sows vaccinated at pre-mating or mid gestation compared to non-vaccinated ones. Conclusions In conclusion, the present study points out that PCV-2 sow vaccination at different time points of their physiological status (mimicking blanket vaccination) offers benefits at production and serological and virological levels.

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Impact of On-Farm Interventions against CTX-Resistant Escherichia coli on the Contamination of Carcasses before and during an Experimental Slaughter

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10030228 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 228

Author(s):

Michaela Projahn ◽

Jana Sachsenroeder ◽

Guido Correia-Carreira ◽

Evelyne Becker ◽

Annett Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Contamination ◽

High Prevalence ◽

On Farm ◽

The Impact ◽

Slow Growing

Cefotaxime (CTX)-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are still an ongoing challenge in human and veterinary health. High prevalence of these resistant bacteria is detected in broiler chickens and the prevention of their dissemination along the production pyramid is of major concern. The impact of certain on-farm interventions on the external bacterial contamination of broiler chickens, as well as their influence on single processing steps and (cross-) contamination, have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, we investigated breast skin swab samples of broiler chickens before and during slaughter at an experimental slaughter facility. Broiler chickens were previously challenged with CTX-resistant Escherichia coli strains in a seeder-bird model and subjected to none (control group (CG)) or four different on-farm interventions: drinking water supplementation based on organic acids (DW), slow growing breed Rowan × Ranger (RR), reduced stocking density (25 kg/sqm) and competitive exclusion with Enterobacteriales strain IHIT36098(CE). Chickens of RR, 25 kg/sqm, and CE showed significant reductions of the external contamination compared to CG. The evaluation of a visual scoring system indicated that wet and dirty broiler chickens are more likely a vehicle for the dissemination of CTX-resistant and total Enterobacteriaceae into the slaughterhouses and contribute to higher rates of (cross-) contamination during processing.

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Dermal application of lactic acid based cream of a non pathogenic Kocuria marina (BMKO1) strain against Epidermophyton floccosum (MTCC 613) symptomatic excision mice model

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2271 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1-s) ◽

pp. 113-120

Author(s):

Soumya S Dash ◽

Smaranika Pattnaik

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Mouse Models ◽

Drug Application ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Mice Model ◽

Epidermophyton Floccosum

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal efficacy of Kocuria marina (BMKo1) derived Lactic acid against Epidermophyton floccosum (MTCC-613) infections induced on male Swiss Albino mice model (Mus musculus). For this purpose, the isolated strain was subjected to ‘flask fermentation’ and the Lactic acid produced as fermentation product, was quantified and analysed. Prior to preclinical test, healthy mice models of approximately 8 weeks old and 25-30 gm (weight) were subjected to intra-dermal administration for a period of 15 days to test for toxicity. Mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes were continually monitored. Then the mouse models were inoculated with 100 µl/ml (V/V) of E. floccosum (MTCC-613) spore suspensions following ‘Excision model’. After induction of the infection, the symptomatic mice groups were subjected to topical application of Kocuria lactic acid cream based formulation at a concentration of 1µl/ml (V/V). The naked eye observations were made on the infected lesions till the absolute deduction of infection of excised skin surfaces. The degrees of deduction of infection were converted into scores and the percentages (%) of deduction of infection were calculated and the average value was derived. There were inclusion of positive control (Fluconazole) and negative control (group with infection induced excision, but without any drug application) mice groups for the sake of comparison. Further, with absolute deduction of infection score observed in mice group, applied with Kocuria derived Lactic acid was akin to Fluconazole activity. However, the infection induced mice group was found to be with substantial increase of degree of infection. This study have curtain raised about the anti Epidermophyton infection activity of a cream based Cell free Lactic acid derived from a non pathogenic strain of Kocuria marina on mouse models. Keywords: Kocuria marina, Epidermophyton floccosum, Lactic acid

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GAMBARAN HISTOLOGIK JARINGAN LIMPA TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINFEKSI ESCHERICIA COLI DAN DIBERI MADU

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.1.2.2013.3251 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Christiani Matheos

Keyword(s):

Sugar Content ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Blood Stream ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Spleen Tissue ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

E Coli ◽

Histological Picture ◽

High Level

Abstrak: Daya antimikroba dalam madu dipengaruhi oleh kandungan glukosanya yang tinggi, tingkat keasaman madu, serta senyawa flavonoid yang dapat mengikat radikal bebas dan melawan agen infeksi. Eschericia coli dapat menimbulkan infeksi lokal organ tubuh, mencapai aliran darah, dan menimbulkan sepsis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan gambaran histologik jaringan limpa tikus yang diinfeksi E.coli dan diberi madu. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental menggunakan 16 ekor tikus putih yang dibagi dalam satu kelompok kontrol negatif (KN) dan tiga kelompok perlakuan (KP). Kelompok kontrol negatif diberi pelet biasa selama 14 hari; KP 1 diberi pelet dan madu 2 mL/hari selama 35 hari; KP 2 diberi pelet dan E. coli 1 mL/hari melalui selama 7 hari; serta KP3 diberi pelet, E. coli 1 mL/hari selama 7 hari, dan madu 2 mL/hari selama 35 hari. Organ limpa tikus diproses untuk dibuat sediaan jaringan histologi. Jaringan limpa tikus KN dan KP1 menunjukkan gambaran histologik yang sesuai dengan limpa normal. Jaringan limpa tikus KP2 menunjukkan kongesti akut dan vasodilatasi pembuluh darah, sedangkan pada KP3 tampak kongesti yang lebih ringan dari yang terlihat pada KP2 dan adanya tanda regenerasi sel-sel limfohematopoietik jaringan limpa. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelompok perlakuan yang diberi E.coli tanpa pemberian madu menunjukkan suatu splenitis akut non spesifik, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi E.coli dengan pemberian madu menunjukkan tanda-tanda perbaikan dari radang dan tanda regenerasi sel.Kata kunci: Madu, Eschericia coli, Limpa.Abstract: Antimicrobial force in his sugar content of honey is influenced by the high level of acidity of honey, as well as flavonoid that can bind free radicals and fight the infection agent. Eschericia coli can cause local infection of the body's organs, reaching the blood stream, and give rise to sepsis. This study aimed to determine changes in histological picture of the spleen tissue of mice given infected E.coli and gave honey. An experimental study using 16 rats divided into one negative control group (KN) and tree treatment groups (KP). Negative control group given normal pellets for 14 days. KP1 is given pellets and honey 2 mL / day for 35 days. KP2 are given pellets and E. coli 1 mL / day through 7 days. KP3 given pellets, E. coli 1 mL / day for 7 days, and honey for 35 days. Mouse splenic processed and examined through a microscope. Mice of KN network and KP1 showed normal histological picture of the spleen. Spleen of KP 2 show today showed acute congestion and vasodilation of blood vessels spleen. Spleen of KP3 show a little more congestion and an indication of regeneration.It can be concluded that the treatment groups were given E. coli without giving honey showed a nonspecific acute splenitis, whereas the treatment group given E. coli with honey granting remission to show signs of inflammation.Key words: Honey, Eschericia coli, Spleen.

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Ameliorative Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Petroselinum Crispum Against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits Male

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.37940/ajvs.2020.13.2.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah Hussain ◽

Mariam Kadhem

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

The Body ◽

Positive Control Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Petroselinum Crispum

The experiment was conducted to investigate the protective effect of Petroselinum crispum leave extracted against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits by studying the body weight, clinical signs, haematological and biochemical parameters, gross lesion and histopathological changes. Twenty four rabbits male were used and divided into 4 groups. Group 1: rabbits served as a negative control, received distilled water 1 ml(orally). Group 2: rabbits served as a positive control group, received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day intramuscular for 15 days. Group 3: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg orally for 15 days. Group 4: rabbits received gentamicin at a dose of 80 mg/kg/day then after one hour treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg orally for 15 days.The results of the gentamicin treated group( positive control group) showed clinical signs such as loss of body weight, loss of appetite and rough hair with hematuria. The body weight a significantly declined (p≤ 0.05) compared other groups. There was a significant decrease (p≤ 0.05) in WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX levels, while it recorded a significant increase (p≤0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA. Histological studies showed several kidney pathological changes such as pale colour, enlargement in size and weight and easy from detaching as opposed to negative control group. On the other hand, the group treated with ethanolic extractof Petroselinum crispum at dose 125 mg/kg induced improved of parameters as recorded significant increased(P ≤ 0.05) in body weight, WBC count, lymphocyte, GSH, SOD, CAT, and GPX, while significant decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in weights of the kidneys, neutrophils, creatinine, urea, and MDA compared with the positive control group whereas rabbits treated with ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum at dose 250 mg/kg restored the parameters and histological changes of the kidney to near normal status compared with the negative control group. These results showed that the dose-detected Petroselinum crispum extract (250mg / kg) acts as potential curative effect against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rabbits.

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Mus musculus (Linnaeus, 1758) Immune Responses Caused by Escherichia coli (Migula, 1895) Infection

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v3i4.716 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 285

Author(s):

Zuni Mitasari ◽

Abdul Gofur ◽

Dwi Listyorini

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Spleen Weight ◽

E Coli ◽

Carl Linnaeus

Escherichia coli (<a title="Walter Migula" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Migula">Migula</a>, 1895) is a negative gram bacteria which have an ability to cause some deseases, such as meningitis, urinary tract infection and digestive tract infection. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in its cell wall induces immune responses in many ways. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of E. coli infection on lymphocyte numbers and spleen weight in mice [Mus musculus (Linnaeus, 1758)]. Twenty five male mice were grouped into negative control, positive control group treated with PBS, and three experimental groups injected intraperitonially with E. coli 1.5 × 103 cfu/mL,1.5 × 105 cfu/mL or 1.5 × 107 cfu/mL respectively. About 5 d after the injection, the spleen were collected. Spleen were weighed using digital balance, number of lymphocyte were counted using hemocytometer. E. coli infection significantly increase both weight of the spleen and number lymphocyte. In conclusion, mice responded to E. coli infection by increasing the number of its lymphocyte.<div> Keywords: Escerechia coli (<a title="Walter Migula" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Migula">Migula</a>, 1895); immune respone; infection; Mus musculus (<a title="Carl Linnaeus" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, <a title="10th edition of Systema Naturae" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae">1758</a>).</div>

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Characterization and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from feces of healthy broiler chickens

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico ◽

10.1590/1808-1657000392014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 83 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ariel Eurides Stella ◽

Maria Cristina De Oliveira ◽

Vera Lúcia Dias da Silva Fontana ◽

Renato Paris Maluta ◽

Clarissa Araújo Borges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

E Coli ◽

The Past ◽

Pathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Polymerase Chain

ABSTRACT: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strains are isolated from lesions of poultry presenting colibacillosis, which is a disease that causes either systemic or localized clinical signs. Such strains share many characteristics with E. coli strains that cause extra-intestinal illness in humans. There is not a consensus on how to define the APEC pathotype with regard to the presence of virulence traits. On the other hand, in the past few years, five minimal predictors for APEC detection were proposed. The E. coli isolates in this work were tested through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to the five proposed minimal predictors and cva C. The strains presenting them were categorized as potential APEC. The APEC and non-APEC categories showed high resistance (> 50%) to cephalotin, erythromycin, streptomycin, sulphametoxazol/trimethoprim, ampicillin, and amoxicillin. Potential APEC strains were significantly more resistant to cephalotin (p < 0.05) and neomcycin (p < 0.01) than non-APEC. These latter were significantly more resistant to tetracycline (p < 0.01) than the potential APEC strains. These results demonstrate that feces of poultry present E. coli strains with resistant features, showing or not the potential of causing colibacillosis in poultry. Because APEC and extra-intestinal illness in humans may be similar, these resistant strains are of interest to public health.

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Synovial fluid as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for different stages of canine visceral leishmaniasis

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20190023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Mário César Rennó ◽

Amanda Otoni Vasconcellos ◽

Rogerio Rodrigues Santos ◽

Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva ◽

Rubens Antônio Carneiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Synovial Fluid ◽

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Detection Methods ◽

Control Group ◽

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Severe Stage

ABSTRACT: Leishmaniasis represents a complex of chronic diseases with a broad geographic distribution and a high significance in public health worldwide. The varied clinical signs in conjunction with the low sensitivity and specificity of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) detection methods make diagnosis of the disease complex. Among the several available laboratory tests, studies have suggested that the detection of parasites in synovial fluid (SF) is a good auxiliary tool in the diagnosis of CVL. However, no study has evaluated the influence of the clinical stage of CVL in the detection of Leishmania sp. in SF. This study aimed to evaluate the detection of Leishmania sp. amastigotes in the SF of dogs at different stages of the disease. The negative control group (G1) comprised 12 dogs that tested negative for CVL. Thirty-six other dogs, tested serologically positive for CVL, were divided into two groups: Group 2 (G2), which included animals at stage II of the disease (moderate; n=18), and Group 3 (G3) included animals at stage III of the disease (severe; n=18). The analysis of SF revealed the presence of parasites in six (33.3%) dogs from G2 and in 16 (88.9%) dogs from G3 (p=0.0437). The present research suggested that SF analysis is of high value as a supplementary tool in the diagnosis of CVL. As a new finding, the present study also indicated that this test has a higher sensitivity in animals presenting with more severe stage of the disease.

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