scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Parthenium hysterophorus on Germination and Growth of Some Important Crops and Weeds of Economic Importance

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. HASSAN ◽  
H.U. RASHID ◽  
A. AMIN ◽  
I.A. KHAN ◽  
N. SHEHZAD
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The University ◽  
Germination And Growth

ABSTRACT: Parthenium hysterophorus being a declared invasive weed worldwide is threatening the biodiversity of Pakistan. To study its allelopathic potential, laboratory and pots based studies were undertaken during July-August and October-November, 2010 in Weed Research Laboratory, Department of Weed Science, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The experiments were conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of parthenium on crops Triticum aestivum, Cicer arietinum and Brassica campestris, and weeds including Avena fatua, Asphodelus tenuifolius and Lolium rigidum The fresh leaves of P.hysterophorus were dried in shade and grinded. The desired quantity of powder was soaked for 16 hr. in the desired quantity of water to make the stock solution of the maximum concentration viz. 75 g L-1. Five seeds of each species were placed in Petri dishes and in pots, extracts were applied when needed. Control (0 g L-1) was also included for comparison. Both experiments were laid out as Factorial in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications and two runs each. Since the statistical differences between the runs were non-significant the data were pooled before subjecting it to ANOVA and mean separation. The differences among the test species and the rates of parthenium extracts were different statistically (P?0.05) for all the traits examined, while for the species x parthenium concentration interaction, the differences were only significant (P?0.05) for plant height in the pot experiment. The results showed that with the increasing concentration of P. hysterophorus, all the parameters studied in the six test species were significantly decreased. Hence, the present study suggests that P. hysterophorus affects the agro-ecosystem and needs to be properly managed, moreover, its allelopathy on weeds is an encouraging finding for the weed managers for the sustainable management of weeds.

scholarly journals The Allelopathic Effect of Eucalyptus Leaf Extract on Grass Forage Seed

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.P. Carvalho ◽  
C.A.D. Melo ◽  
M.S. Machado ◽  
D.C.F.S. Dias ◽  
E.M. Alvarenga
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Vigor ◽  
Eucalyptus Urograndis

This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of various concentrations of an aqueous extract of eucalyptus leaves on Urochloa decumbens and Panicum maximum seeds. The extract was prepared from Eucalyptus urograndis leaves that were milled and mixed with distilled water in a 1:9 milled leaves: water ratio to obtain an extract with a defined concentration of 100%. In addition, dilutions of 50%, 25% and 12.5% were prepared, and a 0% dilution was used as a control. The experiment followed a completely randomized design, with four replicates, each of 50 seeds of U. decumbens and 50 seeds of P. maximum, arranged on filter paper moistened with each concentration of extract in a Gerbox plastic box. The results demonstrated the allelopathic potential of E. urograndis aqueous extracts applied to the seeds of U. decumbens and P. maximum. The 50% and 100% concentrations of leaf extract most strongly inhibited the germination, vigor and seedling growth of U. decumbens and P. maximum. The germination speed index and the root length were the characteristics that were most affected by the potentially allelopathic substances contained in the eucalyptus extracts at all concentrations.

Allelopathic potential of Artemisia herba-alba and Anthemis arvensis to control Weeds in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Nadi Awwad Al Harbi
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Anthemis Arvensis ◽  
Germination And Growth

The aim of the present study was to investigate the potentials for utilization of Artemisia herba-alba and Anthemis arvensis shoot aqueous extract at different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) to suppress the germination and growth of Panicum turgidum and Portulaca oleracea (weeds of crop fields) in Petri dish experiment. Results indicated that the degree of inhibition on seed germination and growth of the recipient species was largely dependent on the concentration of A. herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract. The aqueous extract of A.herba-alba showed the highest allelopathic effect on the germination of the seeds of P. turgidum, (10%,10% and 0%) while the effect of A. arvensis shoot aqueous extract was greater on the germination of the seeds P. oleracea (40%,0% and 0%). Percentage germination of the two selected crop species Triticum aestivum and Hordeum vulgare also de-creased as the A.herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract concentra-tion increased from 1% to 5% (90%,80% and 70%),(40%,40% and 20%). But the inhibition percentage was largely less than that of weed species. The results also showed that H.vulgare was more sensitive than T. aestivum and responds more strongly to the increase of concentration of A. herba-alba shoot aqueous extract . Results also showed that the radicle length of almost all tested species was more sensitive to allelochemicals from A.herba-alba and A.arvensis shoot aqueous extract than plumule length. Therefore, A. herba-alba and A. arvensis shoot aqueous extract may offer promises for their usefulness as a tool for weed management.

scholarly journals Distributions of Invasive Weed Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) in the University Campus Peshawar, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Zareen ◽  
Ijaz Ahmad ◽  
Akhtar Ali ◽  
Haris Ali Khan ◽  
Irfanullah Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
The University

scholarly journals Kandungan Protein dan Kadar Air Bakso Daging Ayam Broiler pada Penambahan Bahan Pengenyal yang Berbeda

bionature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rusli Rusli ◽  
Intan Dwi Novieta ◽  
Rasbawati Rasbawati
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The University

Abtract. The study aimed to determine the effect of different meatball enhancers on meatbel protein and to determine the effect of different meatball enhancers against meatball water content. This research was conducted in june 2018 at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries of the University of Muhammadiyah Parepare. Research using broiler chicken meat, water, flavorings, garlic, pepper, salt, egg white, carrageenan, gelatin, tissue, and ice cubes. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatment levels and three replications, namely T0 = without ingreadients, T1 = crisp egg white, T2 = crustacean, T = gelatin. The results of the study showed that with the addition of pulses that the protein content of meatballs had a very real effect and water content in meatball with the addition of different ingredients that are influential real to meatball water content. The highest average protein value to the lowest is T0 is 6.52, T2 is 6.46, T1 is 6.33, T3 is 4,15. The highest average water volues to the lowest were T1 at 63.35, T0 at 63.05, T3 at 62.58, and T2 at 62.44. From the results of the study, it is known that the best treatment and can be recommended is T2 treatment with karagenan crusher.Keywords: Proteins, water content, broiler chicken meat, egg white, carrageenan, and gelatin.

scholarly journals Contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of invasive Tridax procumbens

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Andriana ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfone ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Tridax Procumbens

ABSTRACT Tridax procumbens is an invasive weed with a strong allelopathic activity. In this study, the contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens was evaluated against Raphanus sativus. Phenolic acids (benzoic, ellagic and ferulic), vanillin and dimethyl sulfone were identified and quantified from the strongest fraction of T. procumbens, in an allelopathic assay by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. The contribution of phenolic acids and dimethyl sulfone to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens, expressed as a total activity, was evaluated by comparing the IC50 value to the concentration of each allelochemical, in a completely randomized design. The benzoic acid presented the strongest inhibitory effect (115 mg kg-1) and the highest contribution (0.483) to the allelopathic effect of T. procumbens, followed by vanillin, dimethyl sulfone and ferulic acid.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Constituents and Allelopathic Potential of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in Comparison to Commercial Herbicides to Control Weeds

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1445
Author(s):  
Mst. Motmainna ◽  
Abdul Shukor Juraimi ◽  
Md. Kamal Uddin ◽  
Norhayu Binti Asib ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
Herbicide Glyphosate

The allelopathic effect of various concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 50 and 100 g L−1) of Parthenium hysterophorus methanol extract on Cyperus iria was investigated under laboratory and glasshouse conditions. No seed germination was recorded in the laboratory when P. hysterophorus extract was applied at 50 g L−1. In the glasshouse, C. iria was mostly injured by P. hysterophorus extract at 100 g L−1. The phytochemical constituents of the methanol extract of P. hysterophorus were analyzed by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS=MS. The results indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, amino acids, fatty acids, piperazines, benzofuran, indole, amines, azoles, sulfonic acid and other unknown compounds in P. hysterophorus methanol extract. A comparative study was also conducted between P. hysterophorus extract (20, 40 and 80 g L−1) with a synthetic herbicide (glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium at 2 L ha−1) as a positive control and no treatment (negative control) on Ageratumconyzoides, Oryzasativa and C. iria. The growth and biomass of test weeds were remarkably inhibited by P. hysterophorus extract. Nevertheless, no significant difference was obtained when P. hysterophorus extract (80 g L−1) and synthetic herbicides (glyphosate and glufosinate ammonium) were applied on A.conyzoides.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of essential oils of medicinal plants in Bidens pilosa L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C.S. Alves ◽  
S. Medeiros Filho ◽  
A. Manoel Neto ◽  
R.C. Brito ◽  
R.C. Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

We determined the inhibitory allelopathic effects of the volatile extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Ness, Lippia sidoides Cham. and Cymbopogum nardus L. on seed germination and root growth of seedlings of Bidens pilosa. The experiment was conducted at the Seed Analysis Laboratory of the Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Ceará. For this end, we used oils at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08% (v/v). Five treatments were used for each of the oils arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications of 25 seeds. The seeds were sown in Petri dishes lined with filter paper moistened with distilled water and, aiming at the indirect contact with each oil, two sheets of filter paper were placed on top of the lid, in which three (3) mL of each oil solution were added. Then, the dishes were incubated in a germination chamber at 25°C. The pH did not contribute to alter the results; the volatile extracts of essential oils of C. zeylanicum, L. sidoides and C. nardus inhibited seed germination and root growth of seedlings of B. pilosa, which shows allelopathic potential; and the concentration of 0.08% of oils caused the overall deterioration of the roots and death of seedlings of B. pilosa.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Lama Perendaman GA3 terhadap Perkecambahan Benih dan Pertumbuhan Bibit Johar (Cassia seamea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ahmad Yunus ◽  
Arifiya Qifni ◽  
Puji Harsono ◽  
Bambang Pujiasmanto
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Germination And Growth

Johar (<em>Cassia seamea</em>) is a medicinal plant with a cassiarin A compound to combat malaria and has a low Cassiarin A is an active compound in Johar (<em>Cassia seamea</em>) medicinal plant capable of combating malaria, despite showing a low seed production rate due to dormancy. This inactivity is severed using gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) treatments. This study aims to determine the effects of concentration and soaking period of GA<sub>3</sub> on seed germination and growth of Johar seedlings. A completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of 2 treatments was applied as the research method. The first treatment employed GA<sub>3</sub> concentrations of 0, 45, 90 and 135 ppm, while the second was based on the soaking interval at 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. The results showed the capacity of GA<sub>3</sub> able to shatter the seed dormancy with percentage germination of 43.03% and a concentration of 50.28 ppm. Therefore, the interaction of the two treatments significantly influenced the growth of Johar seedlings. Consequently, the concentration of GA<sub>3</sub> at 79.89 ppm increased the root length to 52.19 cm, while 84.68 ppm produced a total of 20.91 roots, after a 6 hour soaking. In addition, the 96.67 ppm expanded the stem diameter by 0.93 cm.

scholarly journals Response of Rice (Oryza sativa) to the Application of Manganese in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Friday Ibrahim ◽  
S.I. Anebi ◽  
P. Michael Alogakho
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
The University ◽  
Dry Matter Weight ◽  
Yield Decrease

A pot experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Makurdi to determine the effect of manganese fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice. Treatment consists of five levels of Manganese (Mn) (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1) in form of MnSO4. The treatments were laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The effect of Mn on the growth of rice indicate that there were no significant difference in the growth parameters measured with the exception of plant height at 8 weeks after planting and number of tillers at 4 weeks after planting. The tallest plants and highest number of tillers were obtained with 10 kg ha-1 Mn. The effect of Mn on the yield of rice indicate that there was a significant difference in the yield parameters measured with the exception of number of grain per panicle and root weight at 4 weeks after planting. Manganese at the rate of 10 kg ha-1 gave the highest grain yield (2,667 kg ha-1) and highest dry matter weight. Levels of Mn above 10 kg ha-1 led to yield decrease, therefore application of 10 kg ha-1 Mn was recommended for optimum yield of rice.

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