Allelopathic Potential of Ethanolic Extract and Phytochemical Analysis of Paspalum maritimum Trind

ABSTRACT: Allelopathy is defined as the ability of certain plants and microorganisms to interfere with the metabolism of other species through substances released into the environment, being an alternative to control weeds and diseases. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic potential and identify groups of secondary metabolites of Paspalum maritimum Trind. The species Lactuca sativa, Digitaria insularis, Emilia coccinea, and Portulaca oleracea were used as recipient plants. The ethanolic extract was obtained from shoot and root of donor species to evaluate the allelopathic potential. Potentially allelopathic effects were evaluated by means of germination tests, germination speed index, and initial seedling growth. A phytochemical analysis of the extract was also performed to identify the secondary metabolites. The ethanolic extract from both plant parts had an allelopathic effect on recipient species. The presence of condensed tannins, chalcones and aurones, flavonones, steroids, and saponins were detected in the most active fraction of the shoot of P. maritimum.

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Recent Advances in Saffron Soil Remediation: Activated Carbon and Zeolites Effects on Allelopathic Potential

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9121714 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1714

Author(s):

Mahdieh Kheirabadi ◽

Majid Azizi ◽

Seyedeh Faezeh Taghizadeh ◽

Yoshiharu Fujii

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Crocus Sativus ◽

Carotenoid Content ◽

Adsorptive Capacity ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Lettuce Growth ◽

Allelopathic Effects

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a highly valuable plant. Iran provides nearly 90% of the world’s total saffron and is the biggest global producer. The allelopathic effects of saffron corm (SC) and saffron field soil (SFS) have been hypothesized to play an important role in replanting. Recently, adsorbent materials have been used to neutralize the effects of allelochemicals. These materials, including activated carbon and zeolite, have large surface areas, pore volumes, as well as tremendous adsorptive capacity and complex chemical and physical properties. In this study, three independent experiments were conducted. In the first test, the allelopathic effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of SC remnant and 9-year-old SFS as well as filtered aqueous extract of soil were investigated. In the second assay, the effects of SC remnants and SFS with different ages (i.e., 4, 6, and 9 years old) in combination with adsorbents were examined on the germination and growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) seedlings by the sandwich method. In the third experiment, we examined the effects of SC remnants combined with adsorbents on lettuce growth parameters. Our results showed that the allelopathic effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of SC remnant were significantly superior to those of 9-year-old SFS. The aqueous extract of SC remnant reduced the root length of lettuce by 50%. The use of activated carbon and zeolites significantly decreased the observed allelopathic effect. Moreover, lettuce growth in rhizosphere soil was significantly inhibited by SC remnant and SFS extracts. The allelopathic effects of SC remnants caused a growth imbalance between the shoot and roots. Based on biochemical analyses, using the adsorbents increased the carotenoid content and chlorophyll index of lettuce by 23.33% and 5.25%, respectively. Adsorbents may play a role in treating soils contaminated by allelochemicals.

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EFEITOS ALELOPÁTICOS DAS FLORES DA Acacia podalyriaefolia A. CUNN.

Visão Acadêmica ◽

10.5380/acd.v4i2.528 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Cláudia Alexandra De ANDRADE ◽

Marilis Dallarmi MIGUEL ◽

Obdúlio Gomes MIGUEL ◽

Marlene de Lourdes FERRONATO ◽

Cristina PEITZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Allelopathic Activity ◽

Allelopathic Effects

Foi investigado o potencial alelopático das flores de Acacia podalyriaefolia A. Cunn.. O estudo da atividade alelopática demonstrou que o extrato etanólico bruto e suas frações diclorometano e acetato de etila tem influência significativa sobre a germinação e crescimento das radículas e hipocótilos de Lactuca sativa. O efeito verificado foi de ativação da germinação das sementes, porém sem o desenvolvimento dos folíolos tornando as mudinhas inviáveis. ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS FROM FLOWERS of Acacia podalyriaefolia A. CUNN. Abstract The allelopathic potential from the flowers of Acacia podalyriaefolia A. Cunn. was investigated. The study of the allelopathic activity have demonstrated that the crude ethanolic extract and its fractions dichloromethane and ethyl acetate have significant influence in the germination and in the growth of radicle and of the hypocotyls from the Lactuca sativa. The effect was the activation of the germination of the seeds, although the developing of the follicles was prejudiced turning the saplings unviable.

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ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF PLANT PARTS OF TWO INVASIVE WEEDS ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF MAIZE VARIETIES

JOURNAL OF WEED SCIENCE RESEARCH ◽

10.28941/pjwsr.v26i1.814 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 85-92

Author(s):

Syed Majid Rasheed

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Root Weight ◽

Invasive Weeds ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Maize Variety ◽

Allelopathic Effects ◽

Shoot Weight

The “Allelopathic effects of plant parts of two invasive weeds on seed germination and seedling growth of maize varieties” was investigated at the Agriculture Graduate laboratory, The Bacha khan University Charsadda Pakistan during summer, 2018. The experiment was carried out in CRD design and factorial arrangements repeated thrice.Five maize varieties namely Azam, Babar, Pahari, Iqbal, and Jalal comprised factor A while Factor B consisted of water extracts from root, stem and leaf of invasive weeds; Parthenium hysterophorus and Xanthium strumarium. Distilled water was used as control for comparison. Data were recorded for percent germination (%), seedlings length (cm), shoot weight (g) and root weight (g). It was evident from the results that maximum germination (100 %), Seedling length (7.6 cm), shoot weight (164.88 g) and root weight (163.8 g) was recorded for control (water) treatments. However, among the tested extracts the minimum germination (80.9 %) of maize varieties were achieved under P. hysterophorus stem extract. Maize variety “Pharri” revealed highest sensitivity towards allelopathic potential of different extract, giving minimum (80.95 %) germination. On the other hand, the maize variety “Babar” showed strong resistance against all applied extracts (treatments) and showed 100% seed germination. In the light of the current results it is recommended that the farmer should discourage the growth of P. hysterophorus weed in their filed as it has strong allelopathic effects on maize crop. Moreover, the farmers should grow maize variety Babar instead of others as this variety showed strong resistant to the allelopathic effects of both the invasive weeds studied.

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Allelopathic Potential of Medicinal Plants: Costus speciosus Koen ex. Retz and Justicia adhatoda Linn

Journal of Natural History Museum ◽

10.3126/jnhm.v28i0.14168 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 57-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anjana Devkota ◽

Swasti Sharma

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Costus Speciosus ◽

Pea Seedlings ◽

Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽

Justicia Adhatoda ◽

Germination And Growth

The study was carried out to evaluate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extract of rhizome and leaves of Costus speciosus Koen ex. Retz and Justicia adhatoda Linn. respectively on germination and growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.) and pea (Pisum sativum Linn.). Effect was assessed by recording their effects on germination and percentage growth of root and hypocotyle of test plants. However, the extent of inhibitory and stimulatory effect of extracts varied with the plant species. The extract reduced the germination of the test seeds. However, root and hypocotyle elongations of wheat and pea seedlings were significantly inhibited by the extract of studied plant parts, with the percentage of inhibition increased as the concentration of the extract increased. The observed allelopathic activity of the extract of both medicinal plants on the seed germination and seedling growth of wheat and pea was attributed to the presence of the allelopathic phytochemicals in medicinal plants. The results showed that Justicia adhatoda Linn. had strong inhibitory effect on germination as well as root and hypocotyls growth of test seeds. Phytochemical screening of both medicinal plants was also carried out by using standard methods. The extract contained alkaloid, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins in different proportions; with more of alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 28, 2014: 57-65

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Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Potential of Costus speciosus L.

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2020/v31i1030284 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 64-72

Author(s):

Archita Behera ◽

Rajkumari Supriya Devi ◽

Srimay Pradhan ◽

Somali Biswal ◽

Padan Kumar Jena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Joint Pain ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Costus Speciosus ◽

Tribal Communities

Costus speciosus L. is a tuberous plant commonly available in wetlands and near water bodies throughout Odisha state and used as food and medicinal purposes. The tribal communities of the state used the rhizome to cure joint pain, skin infections and consume as nutraceutical. The above claims are supportive of the fact that the rhizome might have antioxidant potentials and might be rich with diverse secondary metabolites. Keeping this in view an attempt has been made to evaluate the bioactive compounds present in the plant parts and antioxidant potentials in order to validate the tribal claims. Results revealed that the plant parts are rich with phenolic compounds and have antioxidant potential.

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Phytochemical analysis of different extracts of Pinda concanensis and Heracelum grande

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v11i6-s.5146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6-S) ◽

pp. 100-103

Author(s):

Sucheta Bidve ◽

Sanjay Auti

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Endemic Plants ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Fragrance Compounds

Aromatic plants are a reservoir of secondary metabolites that are responsible for the plants' medicinal efficacy and a major source of aromatic compounds and essential oils. Now a day, there is a renewed interest in the plant kingdom in the search for novel bioactive and fragrance compounds as demands for herbal products are increasing enormously. In the present study two endemic plants, Pinda concanensis and Heracelum grande from Western Ghats were analyzed for secondary metabolites by using different plant parts (roots, leaves, and seeds) and by using range of solvent from polar to non-polar. Glycosides, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and alkaloids were found in methanolic extracts of Pinda concanensis root, leaf, and seeds and methanolic extracts of seeds of Heracelum grande. While extracts of chloroform and petroleum ether exhibits presence of some of them. Obtained results show the importance of both the plants as an important source of biologically active molecules for pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries. Keywords: Phytochemical screening, secondary metabolites, biologically active compounds.

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Phytochemical profile and antioxidant properties of leaves extracts from Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile and their allelopathic potential on terrestrial plant species

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia ◽

10.4314/bcse.v34i3.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 437-447

Author(s):

H. Nakbi ◽

W. Dallel ◽

S. Hammami ◽

Z. Mighri

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Posidonia Oceanica ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Foeniculum Vulgare ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Carum Carvi ◽

Phytochemical Profile

Dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts obtained from Posidonia oceanica (L.) leaves, were examined in order to determine their total phenolic, flavonoid, flavonol, anthocyanin and condensed tannins contents as well as their antioxidant and allelopathic activities. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of crude extracts confirmed the presence of coumarins in dichloromethane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts. The antioxidant activity estimated using the DPPH assay was significantly more pronounced for the ethyl acetate extract (IC50 = 1.19±0.018 mg/mL) than that of the other extracts. The allelopathic effect against the seeds of Carum carvi (L.) and Foeniculum vulgare (Mill.) indicated that, depending on concentration, the extracts from the leaves of P. oceanic (L.) inhibited or stimulated at different concentrations the germination, shoot and root elongation of seedlings growth. The results of this study suggest that P. oceanica (L.) extracts could be useful as a natural source of health-promoting effects and herbicides. KEY WORDS: Posidonia oceanic (L.), Phytochemical profile, Phenolic compounds, Antioxidant activity, Carum carvi (L.), Foeniculum vulgare (Mill) Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(3), 437-447. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i3.1

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Bioherbicidal Activity and Metabolic Profiling of Potent Allelopathic Plant Fractions Against Major Weeds of Wheat—Way Forward to Lower the Risk of Synthetic Herbicides

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.632390 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sobia Anwar ◽

Saadia Naseem ◽

Saira Karimi ◽

Muhammad Rafique Asi ◽

Ahmed Akrem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Chromatography ◽

Management Practices ◽

Ricinus Communis ◽

Substantial Reduction ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Italian Ryegrass ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Methanolic Extracts

The productivity of major field crops is highly compromised due to weed infestation. Inefficient weed management practices and undue and excessive use of chemical herbicides have drastically contaminated the environment and human health, in addition to resistance development in weed species. Therefore, utilization of allelopathic plants to explore phytochemicals as potent organic alternatives to such chemical herbicides has become indispensable. The current study evaluates the comparative bio-herbicidal potential of methanolic extracts of castor (Ricinus communis), artemisia (Artemisia santolinifolia), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to suppress growth of major weeds, i.e., wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis), Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), and carrot grass (Parthenium hysterophorus). The results demonstrated a concentration-dependent effect on weeds’ growth. Overall, in vitro seed germination was reduced from 60 to 100% in response to 5% (w/v) extract concentration. Significant reduction in radicle length, hypocotyl length, and fresh biomass of the weeds was also observed. A strong inhibitory effect was seen in in vivo pot experiments, revealing that application of 10–20% methanolic extracts induced permanent wilting and substantial reduction in the chlorophyll content of weeds along with 20–80% increase in oxidative stress. Artemisia showed the most significant allelopathic effect, on account of highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, followed by castor, wheat, and sorghum, against S. arvensis, L. multiflorum, and P. hysterophorus, respectively. Phytochemical analysis, through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), also exhibited a correlation between extract’s phytotoxicity and their antioxidant potential due to their major constituents (rutin, quercetin, catechin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid), among the total of 13 identified in methanolic fractions. Comprehensive profiling of allelochemicals with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) determined 120, 113, 90, and 50 derivates of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and alkaloids, reported for the first time through this study, demonstrating significant allelopathic potential of the targeted plant fractions, which can be explored further to develop a sustainable bio-herbicidal formulation.

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Allelopathic effects of leachates of Juglans regia L., Populus tremula L. and juglone on germination of temperate zone cultivated medicinal and aromatic plants

Agroforestry Systems ◽

10.1007/s10457-020-00572-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 431-442

Author(s):

Péter Zubay ◽

Jakob Kunzelmann ◽

András Ittzés ◽

Éva Németh Zámboriné ◽

Krisztina Szabó

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Juglans Regia ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Temperate Zone ◽

Populus Tremula ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽

Allelopathic Effects

AbstractThe environmental benefits of agroforestry systems are well known. However, current knowledge of potential allelopathic interactions is inadequate. The decrease in soil fertility, the increasingly rhapsodic distribution of precipitation, and the special metabolism and cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants are all harbingers of medicinal-agroforestry systems. The authors aimed to discover the allelopathic effects of Juglans regia L. and Populus tremula L. on germination of medicinal and aromatic plants cultivated in a temperate zone. Accordingly, an in vitro germination trial was conducted with leachates of these trees and two juglone concentrations. These allelopathic effects were evaluated for germination vigour, germination rate, and total fresh weight of seedlings of twelve different species. A pronounced species specificity was observed in tolerance of seeds and seedlings to the allelopathic effect of Populus and Juglans. In four of the species studied, the allelopathic effect may inhibit germination, but only initially. Poppy and angelica proved to be the most sensitive to the treatments. The following species had relative tolerance to the allelochemicals, so further research under natural conditions is suggested for: Althea officinalis L. (9.34 ± 5.04–68.66 ± 13.62 GR%), Anethum graveolens L. (12.00 ± 2.00–100.00 ± 6.12 GR%), Cannabis sativa L. (72.66 ± 9.02–91.34 ± 1.16 GR%), Dracocephalum moldavica L. (38.00 ± 2.00–80.00 ± 17.44 GR%), Linum usitatissimum L. (44.66 ± 2.00–58.00 ± 3.46 GR%), and Satureja hortensis L. (52.00 ± 28.22–82.00 ± 8.00 GR%). The aim would be to introduce them into agroforestry systems.

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Gentiana asclepiadea L. from Two High Mountainous Habitats: Inter- and Intrapopulation Variability Based on Species’ Phytochemistry

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 140

Author(s):

Zorica Popović ◽

Dijana Krstić-Milošević ◽

Milena Marković ◽

Vera Vidaković ◽

Srđan Bojović

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Clear Separation ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Intrapopulation Variability ◽

Population Origin

Natural populations of Gentiana asclepiadea L., located at two mountainous sites, were HPLC-analyzed regarding the contents of six representative secondary metabolites. The contents of swertiamarin (SWM), gentiopicrin (GP), sweroside (SWZ), mangiferin (MGF), isoorientin (ISOOR), and isovitexin (ISOV) were determined in six populations (three per study site), and separately for aboveground and belowground plant parts. PCA showed a clear separation of four groups according to the contents of the analyzed secondary metabolites. Out of six analyzed compounds, five were present in all samples and only one (SWZ) was found in Golija populations (belowground parts) but not in Vlasina populations, and its presence can be indicative of the geolocation of populations. Clear separation of groups was mostly affected by the different contents of chemical compounds in plant parts (aboveground versus belowground) and by the differences related to population origin (higher content of SWM and GP in belowground parts of individuals from Vlasina populations and higher content of MGF and ISOOR of individuals from Golija populations). The results of this study contribute to the spatiochemical profiling of G. asclepiadea populations and a better understanding of inter- and intrapopulation variability of pharmacologically important compounds.

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