scholarly journals Influence of different sanitizers on food contaminant bacteria: effect of exposure temperature, contact time, and product concentration

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezar Augusto Beltrame ◽  
Gabriela Busnello Kubiak ◽  
Lindomar Alberto Lerin ◽  
Ieda Rottava ◽  
Altemir José Mossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Product Concentration ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Exposure Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures

The efficiency of four Sanitizers - peracetic acid, chlorhexidine, quaternary ammonium, and organic acids - was tested in this work using different bacteria recognized as a problem to meat industry, Salmonella sp., S. aureus, E. coli and L. monocytogenes. The effects of sanitizer concentration (0.2, 0.5, 0.6, 1.0, 1.1 and 1.4%), at different temperatures (10 and 45 °C) and contact time (2, 10, 15, 18 and 25 minutes) were evaluated. Tests in an industrial plant were also carried out considering previously obtained results. In a general way, peracetic acid presented higher efficiencies using low concentration (0.2%) and contact time (2 minutes) at 10 °C. The tests performed in industrial scale showed that peracetic acid presented a good performance in concentration and contact time lower than that suggested by the suppliers. The use of chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium led to reasonable results at the indicated conditions, and organic acids were ineffective under concentration and contact time higher than those indicated by the suppliers in relation to Staphylococcus aureus. The results, in general, show that the choice for the most adequate sanitizer depends on the microorganism contaminant, the time available for sanitizer application, and also on the process cost.

Advanced wastewater disinfection technologies: short and long term efficiency

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lazarova ◽  
M. L. Janex ◽  
L. Fiksdal ◽  
C. Oberg ◽  
I. Barcina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Galactosidase Activity ◽  
Virus Removal ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriophage Ms2 ◽  
Short And Long Term

Advanced disinfection processes (peracetic acid, UV irradiation and ozonation) have been tested and evaluated through bench and pilot scale studies. 3 log removals of total coliforms, faecal coliforms and faecal streptococci were achieved by 10mg/L peracetic acid at a 10min contact time, by UV radiation at 35mW.s/cm2 and by ozone at 5mg/L for 10min contact time. Higher doses are required for virus removal by UV and PAA and especially for highly resistant viruses such as F-specific bacteriophage MS2. Ozonation has the advantage of having a strong effect on all types of bacteriophages and protozoa cysts even when low treatment doses and short contact times are applied. The results of this study demonstrated that evaluation of disinfection efficiency of ozone, UV and PAA depends on the criteria and methods employed. Standard method (plate count) results showed an important disinfection effect on culturability, while results from non-standard methods (respiratory activity and β-galactosidase activity assay) indicated less reduction of viable cells. Moreover, the results confirm that disinfectants act on bacteria in different ways. It has been clearly demonstrated that b-galactosidase activity is affected by PAA while UV treatment has no or very limited effect on the enzyme activity. Even without sunlight reactivation, bacterial regrowth in seawater was observed after disinfection of sewage effluents. This study also shows that the biodegradability of sewage effluent for an E coli strain was affected differently by the oxidative disinfectants ozone and PAA. Biodegradability should therefore be considered when evaluating the total disinfection efficiency.

scholarly journals Bioadsorption of Heavy Metals From Industrial Wastewater Using Some Species of Bacteria

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-448
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Metal Adsorption ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Different Temperatures

Three isolated bacteria were examined to remove heavy metals from the industrial wastewater of the Diala State Company of Electrical Industries, Diyala-Iraq. The isolated bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB). The three isolates were used as an adsorption factor for different concentrations of Lead and Copper (100, 150, and 200 ppm.), in order to examine the adsorption efficiency of these isolates. In addition, the effect of three factors on heavy metals adsorption were examined; temperature (25, 30, and 37 ?C), pH (3 and 4.5) and contact time (2 and 24 hrs). The results showed that the highest level of lead adsorption was obtained at 37 ?C by E. coli, P, aerugenosa and SRB with percentage of 95, 95.3 and 99.7 % respectively, whereas, E. coli, P. Aerugenosa and SRB gave a copper adsorption percentage of (40.63, 50.51 and 80.57%) respectively at 37 ?C. Moreover, E.coli showed different percentage of metal adsorption ranged from 6.4% to 95 % with lead concentration of 100 and 200 ppm at pH4.5 and for each of 2 and 24 hrs contact time, whereas, it exerts percentage of copper adsorption ranged from 3.5 % to 40.63 % at 100 and 200 ppm and pH value of 4.5 for similar contact time. P. aerugenosa was also shown to be involved in metal adsorption with percentage ranged from 1.39 % for lead concentration of 150 ppm to 97.9 % for 200ppm under pH of 3 and contact times of 2 and 24 hrs. Interestingly, SRB exhibits significant differences in metal absorption values ranged from 14.97 % for lead (100 ppm) to 99.32 % at 200 ppm with a pH value of 3 and contact times of 2 and 24 hrs and under different temperatures.

scholarly journals Polyphenylglyoxamide-Based Amphiphilic Small Molecular Peptidomimetics as Antibacterial Agents with Anti-Biofilm Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7344
Author(s):  
Tsz Tin Yu ◽  
Rajesh Kuppusamy ◽  
Muhammad Yasir ◽  
Md. Musfizur Hassan ◽  
Manjulatha Sara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Iodide ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Permeability Study ◽  
Cationic Group ◽  
Chain Lengths

The rapid emergence of drug-resistant bacteria is a major global health concern. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and peptidomimetics have arisen as a new class of antibacterial agents in recent years in an attempt to overcome antibiotic resistance. A library of phenylglyoxamide-based small molecular peptidomimetics was synthesised by incorporating an N-alkylsulfonyl hydrophobic group with varying alkyl chain lengths and a hydrophilic cationic group into a glyoxamide core appended to phenyl ring systems. The quaternary ammonium iodide salts 16d and 17c showed excellent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 and 8 μM (2.9 and 5.6 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, while the guanidinium hydrochloride salt 34a showed an MIC of 16 μM (8.5 μg/mL) against Escherichia coli. Additionally, the quaternary ammonium iodide salt 17c inhibited 70% S. aureus biofilm formation at 16 μM. It also disrupted 44% of pre-established S. aureus biofilms at 32 μM and 28% of pre-established E. coli biofilms 64 μM, respectively. A cytoplasmic membrane permeability study indicated that the synthesised peptidomimetics acted via disruption and depolarisation of membranes. Moreover, the quaternary ammonium iodide salts 16d and 17c were non-toxic against human cells at their therapeutic dosages against S. aureus.

scholarly journals Performance of silver-coated red soil nanocomposites in water disinfection

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Mahmoudi ◽  
Farid Moeinpour
Keyword(s):  
Contact Time ◽  
Elimination Rate ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Surface Response Method ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Response Method ◽  
Bacterial Effect

Abstract The present research studied the anti-bacterial effect of silver-coated red soil nanoparticles on Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) from water. The effects of disinfectant concentration (0.02, 0.05 and 0.1 g/mL), contact time (10, 20 and 30 minutes) and bacteria number (102, 104 and 106 CFU/mL) have been also investigated. To obtain important factors, the interactions between factors and optimal experimental design in surface response method were used based on Box-Behnken design. According to the research findings, the system is efficient in eliminating E. coli. The results showed that E. coli elimination efficiency intensified through increasing the amount of disinfectant from 0.02 to 0.1 g/mL. Expanding contact time from 10 minutes to 30 minutes also heightened the E. coli elimination rate. R2 for E. coli elimination is 0.9956 indicating a good agreement between model experimental data and forecasting data.

Effect of Temperature and Contact Time on the Activity of Eight Disinfectants - A Classification

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 841-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. GÉLINAS ◽  
J. GOULET ◽  
G. M. TASTAYRE ◽  
G. A. PICARD
Keyword(s):  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Amphoteric Surfactant ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ammonium Compound ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

The combined influence of temperature (4, 20, 37 and 50°C) and contact time (10, 20 and 30 min) on the efficacy of eight commercial disinfectants was evaluated by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists use-dilution method. An increase of temperature greatly enhanced the activity of all tested solutions, particularly glutaraldehyde, chlorhexidine acetate and the amphoteric surfactant, whereas contact time mainly enhanced the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite, the quaternary ammonium compound and the amphoteric surfactant. Temperature and contact time influenced the activity profile of the disinfectants tested, with a maximum efficacy near the optimum growth temperature (37°C) of the test organism (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442). This organism was highly resistant to the amphoteric surfactant as well as to the two quaternary ammonium compounds. Classification of disinfectants is proposed on the basis of their mode of action, temperature dependence and activation energies, heat and light stability, and tolerance to organic matter.

Effectiveness of Commercial Disinfectants for Inactivating Hepatitis A Virus on Agri-Food Surfaces

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. JEAN ◽  
J.-F. VACHON ◽  
O. MORONI ◽  
A. DARVEAU ◽  
I. KUKAVICA-IBRULJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
High Concentrations

Six commercial disinfectants were tested for their efficacy in inactivating hepatitis A virus in solution or attached to agri-food surfaces. Disinfectant I contains 10% quaternary ammonium plus 5% glutaraldehyde;disinfectant II contains 12% sodium hypochlorite; disinfectant III contains 2.9% dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid plus 16% phosphoric acid; disinfectant IV contains 10% quaternary ammonium; disinfectant V contains 2% iodide; and disinfectant VI contains 2% stabilized chlorine dioxide. Among these, disinfectants I and II were shown to be the most effective in inactivating hepatitis A virus in solution. The efficacy of these disinfectants was further tested against hepatitis A virus attached to common agri-food surfaces, including polyvinyl chlorine, high-density polyethylene, aluminum, stainless steel, and copper. Disinfectant II was shown to be the most effective, with a maximum inactivation level of about 3 log10. The inactivation efficacy was shown to be affected by the concentration of the active ingredient, the contact time between the disinfectant and the contaminated surfaces, and the incubation temperature. In general, hepatitis A virus was shown to be highly resistant to most disinfectants tested, and high concentrations of active ingredient were needed to achieve acceptable inactivation levels.

scholarly journals Adsorption Studies of Cyanide (CN)- on Rice Husk Ash (RHA)

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Naeem ◽  
U Zafar ◽  
T Amann
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Cyanide Solution ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Solution System ◽  
Adsorbate Concentration ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Batch Technique ◽  
Different Temperatures

In this investigation, adsorption of cyanide has been studied by means of batch-technique. Percentage adsorption was determined for Rice Husk Ash (RHA)-Cyanide solution system as a function of i) contact time, ii) pH, iii) adsorbate concentration and iv) temperature. Adsorption data has been interpreted in terms of Freundlich and Langmuir equations. Thermodynamics parameters for the adsorption system have been determined at three different temperatures. The value of ΔH°=38.326KJ/mole and ΔG°=-6.117KJ/mole at 283°K suggest that the adsorption of cyanide on RHA is an endothermic and a spontaneous process.Key words: Cyanide; Rice husk ash (RHA); Adsorption Isotherms DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i1.3524 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 46(1), 101-104, 2011

scholarly journals A Clean-In-Place Type Sanitation Method Validation for a Benchtop Meat Grinder

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Rayfield ◽  
R. Jadeja ◽  
S. Billups
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Direct Plating ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Low Levels

ObjectivesThis research is designed to validate a novel clean-in-place type antimicrobial ice-based meat grinder sanitation method.Materials and MethodsFour different types of antimicrobial ice were prepared from peracetic acid (PAA, 350 mg/L) and combination PAA with 2% FreshFX® (PAAF), 2% Paradigm® (PAAP) and 2% lactic acid (PAAL). The grinders were inoculated by processing 400 g beef trim containing 400 μL of E. coli O157:H7 or S. Typhimurium DT 104 suspensions at 8.4 to 8.7 (high inoculation) and 5.3 to 5.5 (low inoculation) log CFU/mL. Each meat grinder was then treated by processing 1000 g of antimicrobial ice and 500 mL of corresponding antimicrobial solution. At the end of each treatment, 400 g un-inoculated beef was processed through the meat grinder, and the resulting ground beef was then analyzed for the presence of target pathogens by direct plating and after enrichment. Efficacies of antimicrobial ice-based treatments were compared with 1000 g deionized water ice + 500 mL deionized water (DI), and no treatment (NT) controls.ResultsAll antimicrobial ice treatments were able to reduce cross-contamination to non-detectable levels from the meat grinders inoculated at the low levels of pathogens, but after enrichment, target pathogens were detected in all the samples. Recoveries from the meat grinder inoculated with high levels of pathogens ranged from 5.95 to 3.50 log CFU/g and 5.86 to 3.46 log CFU/g for E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium DT 104, respectively. All antimicrobial ice treatments were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) more effective in reducing cross-contamination in comparison of NT and DI controls. The microbial reductions achieved by different antimicrobial ice treatments were not significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from each other.ConclusionThe antimicrobial ice-based meat grinder sanitation technique could effectively reduce foodborne pathogens from meat grinders without needing meat grinder disassembly.

scholarly journals Detection and antimicrobial activity of immobilized quaternary ammonium antimicrobial monolayers on porous and non-porous surfaces.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Porosa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Surfaces ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Surface Attachment ◽  
Thin Film Coatings

This research describes the development of novel, environmentally-friendly, non-releasing contact-active thin film coatings by immobilizing the quaternary ammonium (QA) antimicrobial group on a multitude of surfaces. Various chemical anchors based on organosilanes (i.e. textiles, silica, oxide surfaces), organosulfur comprising of thiol (noble metals), organophosphorus comprising of phosphonate and phosphonic acid (i.e. stainless steel (SS), titanium (Ti)), and catechol (Ti, SS) monolayers are employed to attach the QA antimicrobial onto metal surfaces, while benzophenone photoactive crosslinkers containing QA groups are used to coat plastic surfaces (C-H surfaces, i.e. polyethylene (PE), silicone (Si), polyvinylchloride (PVC)). Surfaces treated with covalently attached antimicrobial coatings function by killing microbes on contact, preventing surface attachment, colonization and contamination without releasing the chemical into the environment. The advantages of this method of delivery of the antimicrobial include a lower cost of application, decreased antimicrobial resistance, lower toxicity and increased environmental safety. Samples prepared by an overnight immersion in an ethanolic solution of phosphorus containing quats followed by an overnight cure at 100oC showed the highest antimicrobial reduction versus electrospray application and no curing. Short chain phosphonic acid quats and the organosilane quat were inactive on titanium. Antimicrobial activity of long chain phosphonate quats prepared by dip coating and annealing on metal surfaces (Ti, SS, Al) was tested by growth enumeration in the dry state utilizing methods developed in the Wolfaardt lab. All samples showed a 100% reduction (106 cells) of viable Salmonella, Arthrobacter, S.aureus and P.aeroguinosa after 2 hrs of contact time and maintained their activity over 24 hrs versus the uncoated controls. To demonstrate the phosphonate quats were truly immobilized, Ti samples from the first trial were washed in distilled H2O, dried, and re-innoculated with 106 Anthrobacter colonies. No visible colonies of Anthrobacter remained after 2 hrs of contact time with the Ti surfaces indicating a contact killing mechanism at play.

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