scholarly journals Paracoccidioidomycosis mortality in the State of Paraná, Brazil, 1980/1998

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1856-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Izabel Margraf Bittencourt ◽  
Rosely Magalhães de Oliveira ◽  
Ziadir Francisco Coutinho

The paracoccidioidomycosis mortality rate in the State of Paraná, Brazil (1980/1998) was analyzed using the death registry data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System and the estimated population from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. To qualify the deaths, we deployed ICD-9 for 1980/1995 and ICD-10 for the more recent years. During this period there were 551 deaths from paracoccidioidomycosis in the State of Paraná. Most of the deaths were in male in the 30-59-year age group. The average annual mortality rate was 3.48 per million inhabitants, showing a tendency to stabilize during the study period. Paracoccidioidomycosis was the fifth cause of mortality among the predominantly chronic infectious diseases and had the highest mortality rate among the systemic mycoses. Paracoccidioidomycosis was observed in 184 counties in the State of Paraná. Most deaths were recorded in the North-Central meso-region, and the highest mortality rate occurred in the West meso-region.

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-138
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Kramm ◽  
Marian M. Crane ◽  
Morton L. Brown ◽  
Monroe G. Sirken

Up to the present time accumulated experience with cystic fibrosis has been based on intensive study of relatively small groups of patients treated or seen for the disease in a few leading clinics in the country. This paper presents, for the first time, characteristics of patients with cystic fibrosis from a sample of hospitals throughout the continental United States. Estimates are based on sample data for 1957. The more important findings follow. Almost 70% of the estimated 2,500 patients with cystic fibrosis were discharged from hospitals in the Northeast and North Central regions of the United States. Only 9% of all cases were reported by hospitals in the West. Among hospitals approved for pediatric residency, discharges were more equally distributed between the four regions than among other types of hospitals. Almost half of the estimated 1,320 patients in non-pediatric residency hospitals were in the North Central region alone. Eighty-five per cent of hospitalized patients were under 10 years of age; approximately 30% were infants. About 5% were aged 20 years or more. In hospitals approved for pediatric residency, slightly over 1% of patients were aged 20 years or more, whereas, in other types of hospitals, 8% were were in the oldest age group. For every 100,000 children in the population under 21 years of age, about 4 were hospitalized for cystic fibrosis in 1957. Among children under 1 year of age, the rate for hospitalization due to cystic fibrosis was 18 per 100,000 live births in 1957; the rate was 8 per 100,000 in the child population under 5 years of age; for children 5 to 9 and 10 to 20 years, rates were about 3 and 1 respectively. There was a significant regional variation in rates for hospitalization because of cystic fibrosis. Whereas in both the Northeast and North Central regions there were about 5 patients under 21 years of age per 100,000 in the population under 21 years, there were only about 2 cases per 100,000 population in the same age group in both the South and West. For each of the four regions, the ratio of hospitalized cases of cystic fibrosis to child population was highest in the age group under 5 years. In the Northeast there were 11 children for every 100,000 in the population under 5 years of age hospitalized for cystic fibrosis; in the North Central region there were 10 children; in the South there were 5, and in the West, 4 children. Almost 15% of the 2,500 hospitalized patients with cystic fibrosis were discharged by death. Of the 360 patients with fatal cases, about 40% died during infancy; almost 25% died at ages 1 to 4 years; about the same proportion died at ages 5 to 9 years. The ratio of deaths from the disease per 100 cases hospitalized during the year was 18 for infants, 12 for children in the age group 1 to 4 years, 14 for children 5 to 9 years, and 12 for those aged 10 years or more. According to survey data, a larger number of males than females in each age group were hospitalized for cystic fibrosis. Among fatal cases under 10 years of age, however, the number of females slightly exceeded the number of males. More than one-third of the 2,500 patients had been previously discharged from the hospital reporting the case either in the same year or in some prior period. About 6% of all patients were discharged from the same hospital at least three times during 1957. Among the 360 patients discharged by death, over half were discharged two or more times during their lifetime from the hospital reporting the case. Among the 2,140 discharged alive, only about a third were reported to have multiple discharges from the same hospital.


2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1093-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraci Vieira Sergio ◽  
Antônio Carlos Ponce de Leon

This study analyzes mortality from infectious diarrheic diseases in children under 5 years of age in Brazilian municipalities with more than 150,000 inhabitants, excluding State capitals. The annual mortality rates by municipality from 1990 to 2000 were analyzed using a multilevel model, with years as first level units nested in municipalities as second level units. The dependent variable was the yearly mortality rate by municipality, on the log scale. Polynomial time trends and indicator variables to account for differences in geographic regions were used in the modeling. Time trends were centered on 1995, so they could be modeled differently before and after 1995. From 1990 to 1995 there was a sharp decrease in mortality rates by diarrheic diseases in most Brazilian municipalities, while from 1995 to 2000 the decrease was more heterogeneous. In 1995 the North and Northeast of Brazil had higher mortality rates than the Southeast, and the differences were statistically significant. Most importantly, the study concludes that there was an important difference in the pattern of mortality rate decreases over time, comparing the country's five geographic regions.


1987 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Bjerstedt

Trace fossils are used in deposystem analysis of Late Devonian–Early Mississippian nearshore facies in the north-central Appalachian Basin. These nearshore facies resulted from separate transgressions during latest Devonian (Cleveland Shale) and earliest Mississippian (Sunbury Shale) time. Emphasis is placed on a well-exposed section at Rowlesburg, West Virginia, where the Oswayo, Cussewago Sandstone, and Riddlesburg Shale Members of the Price Formation are exposed.The Oswayo Member at Rowlesburg preserves an offshore-to-lower shoreface transition in a complex of euryhaline, protected-bay, lagoon, and possible estuarine facies. Cruziana is common and occurs along with Arthrophycus, Bifungites, Chondrites, Planolites, Palaeophycus, Rhizocorallium, Rosselia, Rusophycus, and Skolithos in intensely bioturbated mudstone, siltstone, and sandstone. These lithologies were deposited below fair-weather wave base and grade upsection to upper shoreface facies comprised of thick, horizontally-laminated sandstones with thinner, burrowed mudstone interbeds. Upper shoreface traces consist of Arenicolites, Cruziana, Diplocraterion, Dimorphichnus, Planolites, Thalassinoides, and Skolithos. Skolithos “pipe rock” sandstones occur at the toe of upper shoreface facies. Eastward the Oswayo Member grades into a restricted-bay facies and finally into beach and tidal flat facies near its stratigraphic wedge-out in eastern West Virginia and western Maryland. The Cussewago Sandstone Member at Rowlesburg overlies the Oswayo and is bounded at the top by a disconformity. The Cussewago contains Arenicolites, Isopodichnus, Phycodes, Planolites, and Skolithos in upper shoreface sandstones possibly related to deposition in deltaic or tidal channel systems.Regionally, the Riddlesburg Shale records a range of euryhaline environments in shallow-shelf, open-bay, and probable estuarine facies. The Riddlesburg Shale Member at Rowlesburg is comprised of dark-grey silty shales, siltstones, and hummocky cross-stratified sandstones. Trace fossils include Bergaueria, Bifungites, Fustiglyphus?, Helminthopsis, Planolites, and Skolithos. Lithofacies of the Riddlesburg Shale in West Virginia were markedly influenced by a syndepositionally active basement feature, the West Virginia Dome. Riddlesburg-age shoreface sandstones deposited on the crest of the Dome contain apparent omission surfaces with common Rhizocorallium and Arenicolites, Cruziana?, Planolites, and Skolithos.


1955 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-447
Author(s):  
Joaquín Meade

The huasteca region in northeastern Mexico covers sections of the six states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, San Luis Potosí, Hidalgo, Puebla, and Querétaro. Its boundaries are approximately the following: to the north the river Soto la Marina, known in the sixteenth century as the Rio de las Palmas; to the south the Rio Cazones; to the east the Gulf of Mexico and to the west the mountainous section of the eastern Sierra Madre.The Christian conversion of the Huasteca began, no doubt, in 1518 with the expedition of Juan de Grijalva, who actually sailed as far north as Tuxpan and Tamiahua in the Huastec region of the state of Veracruz. John Diaz, a priest, accompanied this expedition. In 1519 Francisco de Garay, then in Jamaica, sent Alonso Alvarez de Pineda to Tampico and the Río Panuco, where he stayed some time and made contact with the Huastecs who belong to the great Maya family.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Babita Kumari ◽  
Hitesh Solanki

The state of Arunachal Pradesh is the northeastern most state of India. It covers the states of Assam and Nagaland to the south. It also comprises of international borders with Bhutan in the west, Myanmar in the east, and a disputed border with China in the north at the McMahon Line. The state has its agriculture as the main source of livelihood for a majority of the region’s rural population. In the last 10 years, the per capita land availability in the region has reduced by 18.4 percent and now remains a meager 0.16 ha. The reduction is attributed to the rapid increase in population and consequent fragmentation of the land. Similarly, per capita, cereal availability has also reduced by 9.4 percent in the last 10 years. The present per capita cereal availability is only 0.16 kg, thus making it very important to ensure food security in the region at any cost. Agricultural productivity in the region is not adequate to produce sufficiently for the increasing population. The average agricultural yield at present is 2.1 tonnes ha-1 (excluding the Maldives) after an increase of 8.1 percent in the last 10 years. The increase is attributed to increased use of fertilizers (69 kg ha-1, which is a 40 percent increase in the last 10 years in the region, excluding the Maldives) and the inclusion of more areas from forests into the agriculture sector. This situation has, in its turn, taken its toll by depleting and threatening the remaining biodiversity of the region.


1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1274-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Trexler Jr.

The Cretaceous Methow Basin of north-central Washington is the southernmost of a series of Mesozoic successor basins in the Cordillera of western North America. The Albian–Campanian(?) Virginian Ridge Formation comprises three members, newly defined here, that gradationally interfinger with each other and grade laterally and upward into overlying strata. Detailed stratigraphic analysts of the Virginian Ridge Formation and of the intimately related parts of the Winthrop and Midnight Peak formations indicates that these units represent complexly interfingering facies derived from a variety of sources, both to the west and to the east of the basin and locally within the system. This study suggests a detailed model for the history of the Upper Cretaceous Methow Basin: generation of a restricted basin with a stable, roughly north–south-trending axis, filled by a stable, east-derived fluvial and deltaic system (Winthrop Formation) interfingering with a laterally amalgamated, west-derived northward and eastward transgressive fan-delta system (Virginian Ridge Formation). The sequence grades upward into, and finally is overwhelmed by, locally derived volcanics of the Midnight Peak Formation. Similar, and in part coeval, successor basin sequences throughout the North American Cordillera may have been generated in response to similar tectonic settings.


Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2979-2979
Author(s):  
Alexandra Tierney ◽  
Fionnuala Ni Ainle ◽  
Declan Lyons ◽  
Osasere Edebiri ◽  
Khalid Saeed ◽  
...  

Abstract Introduction Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity worldwide. The risk of early death in the setting of untreated PE may be as high as 30%. However, diagnostic and therapeutic advances in recent years have led to a progressive decline in global PE-related mortality and recent data describing rates of in-hospital death following PE suggest a mortality rate of approximately 5-15%. Moreover, strategies directed at stratification of PE severity have been shown to safely identify a sub-group of low-risk patients (up to 30-50% of all patients) for whom outpatient management is feasible without the need for hospital admission. Avoiding hospitalisation for low-risk PE patients is associated with improved patient satisfaction and avoids exposing patients to the risks associated with hospital admission. Ambulatory PE management would also be predicted to lead to significant healthcare cost-savings. However ambulatory care models for low-risk PE appear to be under-utilised despite these potential benefits. Barriers to implementation include access to outpatient follow-up services and the perceived risks associated with this model of care. The Ireland East Hospital Group (IEHG) is the largest hospital network in the Republic of Ireland, consisting of 11 hospitals (including large academic centres, community general hospitals and the national maternity hospital). The IEHG serves a population of over 1.1 million individuals. We sought to determine the frequency of admissions to hospital with PE and to assess key outcomes, including length-of-stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality within this population. Methods Data pertaining to PE diagnosis from January 2018 to December 2020 were obtained from NQAIS Clinical (National Quality Assessment and Improvement System; an electronic reporting tool which is populated with anonymised data extracted from the hospital in-patient enquiry system). This system compiles diagnostic data on all patients by ICD-10 code at the time of discharge. For the purposes of this analysis the ICD-10 codes I26.0 and I26.9 were used to identify patients with PE and only admission episodes where PE was the primary diagnosis were included; cases of 'secondary PE' (historical PE or hospital-acquired) were excluded. Projected population figures, extrapolated from Census 2016 data, were obtained from Health Atlas Ireland (an open-source application providing access to datasets developed by the Health Intelligence Unit of the Health Service Executive of Ireland). Results During the 3-year study period, 958 in-patient episodes occurred where PE was recorded as the primary diagnosis, corresponding to an incidence of 0.37 per 1000 adults per annum (95% CI 0.35 to 0.40). The incidence was highest in the over 85 years age-group (1.07 per 1000 per annum; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.33). PE was more common in women in all age-groups apart from the 46-65 years age group [males: 0.51 (95% CI 0.44-0.51) vs females: 0.36 (95% CI 0.3-0.42) per 1000]. In 82.7% of episodes, the ultimate discharge destination was to home. In 5.3% the discharge destination was a nursing home and 4.6% were transferred to another hospital. The all-cause in-hospital mortality rate was 3.1% (30 fatalities; 18 females, 12 males). Most deaths occurred in the 66-85 years age-group (n=14), with 9 fatalities in the age >85 years group and 7 fatal PE events in the 46-65 years age-group. Average hospital LOS was 7.8 days. 8.9% of inpatient episodes resulted in same-day discharge. In 55.9% of episodes, discharge occurred after day 4. Those discharged to home had an average length of stay of 6.31 days, while patients awaiting nursing home facilities averaged 26.5 days. Conclusion The incidence of acute presentation with PE within this population is consistent with international reports. The rate of in-hospital mortality compares favourably with these international standards. The mortality rate may reflect improvements in PE care but may also reflect the inclusion of a significant number of 'low-risk' individuals in the analysis (many of whom may have been suitable for outpatient management). The mortality rate might also reflect increased detection of small, low-risk distal PE (as a result of advances in diagnostics). In any event, these data suggest that more widespread implementation of outpatient PE management is likely to be feasible and would represent an opportunity for improved resource utilisation. Disclosures Ni Ainle: Leo Pharma: Research Funding; Actelion: Research Funding; Daiichi-Sankyo: Research Funding; Bayer Pharma: Research Funding. Kevane: Leo Pharma: Research Funding.


Author(s):  
Michele da Cruz de Jesus ◽  
Lucas Facco Silva ◽  
Amanda Alves Fecury ◽  
Euzébio de Oliveira ◽  
Carla Viana Dendasck ◽  
...  

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by pathogenic bacteria. The bacillus is transmitted mainly through the coughing mechanism, in addition to sneezing and speech, which are responsible for releasing droplets of saliva. In Brazil, 69,569 new cases of tuberculosis were confirmed in 2017. In the Brazilian state of Amapá, still in 2017, there were 237 new cases of tuberculosis reported. The objective of this work is to compare the percentage of confirmed cases of tuberculosis in Brazil, in the North region, in the state of Amapá and in the municipality of Macapá, between the years 2013 and 2017. Data were collected on the DATASUS website. Co-infections as well as alcoholism, drug use, urban agglomerations and the individual’s nutritional status can also represent factors that increase tuberculosis cases. Social vulnerability and little primary health care also favor an increase in these numbers. Having a Tropical Diseases Reference Center (CRDT), which also includes the Testing and Counseling Center (CTA) and Therapeutic Home Assistance (ADT) helps in detecting cases, streamlining and controlling the treatment of patients. Men in the working age group are more affected due to their necessary social interaction for work.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e3389119799
Author(s):  
Luisa Chrisdayla Macêdo Santos ◽  
Anando Rodrigues de Carvalho ◽  
Maria Bianca Pereira Freitas ◽  
Emanuel Thomaz de Aquino Oliveira ◽  
Fernando Rocha dos Santos ◽  
...  

Introduction: Injuries or any other health problems with sudden onset, generated by violence or other exogenous cause, are called external causes (EC). The indicator Potential Years of Life Lost - PYLL expresses the impact of early deaths in relation to the life expectancy for a given population. ECs were the major causes of death in children aged 1 to 9 years with 1,037 deaths (19.38%). Objective: To determine PYLL by EC among children aged 1 to 9 years in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective, longitudinal study with a quantitative approach. Its scenario is the State of Piauí. The population and sample were composed of deaths from EC registered in the Mortality Information System - MIS from Brazil, which occurred in children in the intended age group. For data analysis, the method that establishes a limit age for the calculation of PYLL was used, based on the average life of the population. Results: In Piauí between January 2000 and December 2018, there were 1,037 deaths (11.67%). The highest number of PYLL was found among male children, aged 5 to 9 years. Deaths caused by drowning were predominant, with 258 deaths (24.9%), being responsible for 16,857 PYLL, followed by accidents with pedestrians, with 184 deaths (17.8%), adding up to 11,911.5 years. Conclusion: Accidental drowning and submersion and pedestrian accidents predominate as the main EC. It can be estimated that 67,581 years of life for children aged 1 to 9 years were lost by EC in Piauí.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Amanda Mesquita Grangeiro ◽  
Kênia Marques Novato ◽  
João Lucas Rosa ◽  
Daniel Loures Deotti Nunes ◽  
Giovanni Montinni Sandoval

OBJETIVO: Realizar um levantamento acerca da incidência e mortalidade por câncer de próstata no Estado do Tocantins e na cidade de Palmas, no período entre 2010 e 2014. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Realizado estudo retrospectivo utilizando como fonte de dados às estimativas para o biênio 2016-2017 do INCA e o Atlas Online de Mortalidade. Foram considerados, para critério de inclusão, os pacientes que tiveram como causa do óbito o câncer de próstata em todas as idades, sendo analisada a abrangência no Brasil e no Estado do Tocantins. Para o tabulamento dos dados, foi considerada a distribuição por faixa etária, selecionando-se o ano, a região, e a classificação do tumor primário de acordo com o Código Internacional de Doenças, CID-10 C61, que corresponde à neoplasia maligna de próstata. RESULTADOS: Em valores absolutos, durante o período de 2010 a 2014, o total de mortes em decorrência do câncer de próstata, foi de 513. Em análise por faixa etária, não foram registrados óbitos em idade de 0 a 29 anos, observando-se mortalidade apenas a partir dos 30 anos de idade. Segundo a Atlas Online de Mortalidade do INCA, o câncer de próstata foi a neoplasia com maior mortalidade nos anos de 2010 a 2014 no Estado do Tocantins, sendo a maior taxa de 18,08 por 100 mil homens, no ano de 2014. CONCLUSÃO: O câncer de próstata é a neoplasia que mais mata os homens no Brasil, especialmente os indivíduos de idade mais avançada, essa realidade também se faz presente no estado do Tocantins. A idade avançada e o histórico familiar, apresentam –se como as principais causas, mostrando a necessidade de uma política de saúde voltada para esses grupos específicos que esteja focada nas estratégias de prevenção e o diagnóstico precoce. Palavras-chave: câncer de próstata, mortalidade, neoplasia. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To carry out a survey about the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in the state of Tocantins and in the city of Palmas, between 2010 and 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out, based on the estimates for the biennium 2016-2017 and the Online Atlas of Mortality. Patients of all ages who had prostate cancer as the cause of death were considered. In addition, the survey for the mortality of this pathology covers the incidence in Brazil and in the state of Tocantins. The distribution by age group was considered, and for the data tabulation, the year and region were also considered, the primary tumor being in accordance to the International Code of Diseases, ICD-10 C61, which corresponds to malignant neoplasm of the prostate. RESULTS: In absolute values, during the period from 2010 to 2014, the total number of deaths due to prostate cancer was 513. In analysis by age group, no deaths were recorded from 0 to 29 years old, observing mortality only after 30 years of age. According to the INCA’s Online Atlas of Mortality, prostate cancer was the neoplasm with the highest mortality in the years of 2010 until 2014 in the state of Tocantins, with the highest rate of 18.08 per 100 thousand men in 2014. CONCLUSION: Prostate cancer is the neoplasm that most kills men in Brazil, especially the elderly. This reality is also present in the state of Tocantins. Old age and family history are presented as the main causes, which shows the need for a health policy focused on these specific groups, more specifically, on prevention strategies and early diagnosis. Keywords: prostate cancer, mortality, neoplasm.


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