scholarly journals Salinity tolerance of halophyte Atriplex nummularia L. grown under increasing NaCl levels

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 848-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro A.M. de Araújo ◽  
Joaquim A.G. Silveira ◽  
Tânia D. Almeida ◽  
Iza M.A. Rocha ◽  
Déborah L. Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Organic Composition ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Ion Exclusion ◽  
Seawater Salinity ◽  
Atriplex Nummularia ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Exclusion Mechanism

The current study reports effects of salt stress on growth, K+ nutrition and organic composition of Atriplex nummularia. The upper limit of the NaCl gradient imposed on the plants was close to seawater salinity (600 mM). An external NaCl of 150 mM improved the growth of this species, which corroborates its halophytic nature. Evidence show that Atriplex nummularia was responsive to NaCl, but the mechanisms of this response are still not known. In such stress condition, Na+ and Cl- accumulation in leaves was far greater than that in roots; therefore salinity tolerance of Atriplex nummularia is not due to ion exclusion mechanism. In spite of a reduction of K+ content of tissues under salinity conditions, no corresponding physiological relevance of this in terms of growth was found. The high affinity of root cells for Na+ during uptake and, probably, its subsequent sequestration into cell vacuoles and structures of protection seems to contribute to osmotic adjustment as an increase in relative water content (RWC) of leaves was observed. NaCl caused a decrease in total soluble proteins and chlorophylls; the relevance of this is discussed in terms of mechanisms of salinity tolerance. The ability of Atriplex nummularia plants to keep Na+ and Cl- away from enzymes and cytosolic structures, together with an effective osmotic adjustment, is suggested as having a role in its tolerance to high salinity.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Basil Genotypes to Salinity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata V. Menezes ◽  
André D. Azevedo Neto ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Alide M. W. Cova ◽  
Hewsley H. B. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Inorganic Solutes

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a medicinal species of Lamiaceae family, popularly known for its multiple benefits and high levels of volatile compounds. The species is considered to be one of the most essential oil producing plants. Also cultivated in Brazil as a condiment plant in home gardens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the growth of basil in nutrient solution of Furlani and to identify variables related to the salinity tolerance in this species. The first assay was performed with variation of five saline levels (0 - control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mM NaCl). In the second assay six genotypes were evaluated in two salinity levels 0 and 80 mM NaCl. The height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry mass and inorganic solutes in different organs, photosynthetic pigments, absolute membrane integrity and relative water content were evaluated. All biometric variables in basil were significantly reduced by salinity. Dry matter yield and percentage of membrane integrity were the variables that best discriminated the characteristics of salinity tolerance among the studied basil genotypes. Basil genotypes showed a differentiated tolerance among the genotypes, the ‘Toscano folha de alface’ being considered as the most tolerant and ‘Gennaro de menta’ as the most sensitive, among the species studied.

Surface properties of plasma membrane vesicles isolated from melon (Cucumus melo L.) root cells differing in salinity tolerance

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Yermiyahu ◽  
Shlomo Nir ◽  
Gozal Ben-Hayyim ◽  
Uzi Kafkafi ◽  
Gunther F.E. Scherer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Plasma Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Root Cells

Genetics of physiological and agronomical traits linked to salinity tolerance in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 280
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moradi ◽  
Hamid Dehghani ◽  
Sied Zabihallah Ravari
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Relative Water

Improvement of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) for growth in saline soils is a major goal of tomato breeders. The aim of this study was to identify the genetic combining ability and genetics of salinity tolerance in tomato. Plant materials were grown under normal (NG) and salinity stress (SSG) conditions. Results showed that the genetic controlling mechanism of salinity-related traits and fruit weight is complex and that all genetic components of additive, non-additive and maternal are involved. The nature of gene action for fruit weight and salinity-related traits was significantly affected by salinity stress. Dominance and additive gene action were predominant under NG and SSG, respectively. Under NG, the best general combiner parent for fruit weight was P3 (salt-tolerant with moderate fruit yield). Under SSG, P1 (highly salt-tolerant with low fruit yield) was the best general combiner parent for fruit weight and exhibited high genetic combining ability for K+/Na+, lipoxygenase activity, proline, relative water content, total carbohydrate and cell membrane stability. With the high frequency of genes effective in salt tolerance, the P1 parent appeared as the best specific mating partner with other parents under SSG. Simultaneous selection for fruit weight and surrogate traits (cell membrane stability, proline and relative water content) in a population derived from the P1 × P5 (susceptible with high fruit yield) cross could result in a salt-tolerant tomato genotype.

Proline Analogues in Melaleuca Species: Response of Melaleuca lanceolata and M. uncinata to Water Stress and Salinity

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
BP Naidu ◽  
GP Jones ◽  
LG Paleg ◽  
A Poljakoff-Mayber
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
First Time

Fifteen species of Melaleuca and two species of Callistemon from the field were examined to determine whether they accumulated nitrogen-containing compatible solutes and, if so, which. In addition to L-proline, N-methyl-L-proline (MP) (isolated for the first time from plants), trans-4-hydroxy-N-methyl- L-proline (MHP), and N, N'-dimethyl-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (DHP) were found in various combinations in the 15 Melaleuca species. M. lanceolata seedlings were subjected to water or salinity stress and M. uncinata to water stress under laboratory conditions. In both species significant reductions in leaf water potential (Ψw), osmotic potential (Ψs), turgor potential (Ψp), and relative water content (RWC) were observed in response to water stress. Salinised M. lanceolata plants showed considerable osmotic adjustment and maintained Ψp comparable to that of control plants; salinity, however, decreased RWC. In response to the imposed stresses under laboratory conditions, proline and MHP levels in M. lanceolata, and MHP and DHP levels in M. uncinata, increased. In addition to possible protective or osmotic roles in vivo, these proline analogues may be useful in chemotaxonomic investigations of Melaleuca species.

scholarly journals Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Salt Stress of Alfalfa Populations Selected for Salinity Tolerance and Grown in Symbiosis with Salt-Tolerant Rhizobium

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Craig Gatzke ◽  
Marie Bipfubusa ◽  
Vicky Lévesque ◽  
Francois P. Chalifour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerant

Alfalfa and its rhizobial symbiont are sensitive to salinity. We compared the physiological responses of alfalfa populations inoculated with a salt-tolerant rhizobium strain, exposed to five NaCl concentrations (0, 20, 40, 80, or 160 mM NaCl). Two initial cultivars, Halo (H-TS0) and Bridgeview (B-TS0), and two populations obtained after three cycles of recurrent selection for salt tolerance (H-TS3 and B-TS3) were compared. Biomass, relative water content, carbohydrates, and amino acids concentrations in leaves and nodules were measured. The higher yield of TS3-populations than initial cultivars under salt stress showed the effectiveness of our selection method to improve salinity tolerance. Higher relative root water content in TS3 populations suggests that root osmotic adjustment is one of the mechanisms of salt tolerance. Higher concentrations of sucrose, pinitol, and amino acid in leaves and nodules under salt stress contributed to the osmotic adjustment in alfalfa. Cultivars differed in their response to recurrent selection: under a 160 mM NaCl-stress, aromatic amino acids and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) increased in nodules of B-ST3 as compared with B-TS0, while these accumulations were not observed in H-TS3. BCAAs are known to control bacteroid development and their accumulation under severe stress could have contributed to the high nodulation of B-TS3.

The Controlling Factors and Ion Exclusion Mechanism of Hydrate-Based Pollutant Removal

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 7932-7940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongsheng Dong ◽  
Lunxiang Zhang ◽  
Zheng Ling ◽  
Jiafei Zhao ◽  
Yongchen Song
Keyword(s):  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Ion Exclusion ◽  
Exclusion Mechanism

scholarly journals Changes in carbohydrates accumulation in Viguiera discolor Baker in response to water deficit

Hoehnea ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Fazani Esteves Sanches ◽  
Ana Paula Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Vanessa Pires da Costa ◽  
Maria Ângela Machado de Carvalho ◽  
Emerson Alves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Water Suppression ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Response To Water

ABSTRACT Water stress is an environmental factor that can regulate growth, limit production and lead to physiological and biochemical changes. Plants present a series of adaptive responses to drought, such as osmotic adjustment, in which carbohydrates play an important role. To evaluate the influence of water deficit on carbohydrates accumulation in V. discolor, the plants were divided into two groups: daily watering and water suppression for 14 days being re-watering after this period. Leaves and roots were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days, for ecophysiological and biochemical analyzes. Variations in carbohydrate contents in V. discolor showed a close relationship with changes in the plant water status, with higher concentrations of soluble sugars, total fructans, oligosaccharides, reducing sugars coinciding with the lower values of soil moisture and leaf water potentials and relative water content. In the tuberous roots, there is an increase in carbohydrate concentrations after re-watering. The increase of these low molecular weight carbohydrates is involved in osmotic adjustment and therefore acts to protect against dehydration.

Pressure-volume (P-V) curves in Atriplex nummularia Lindl. for evaluation of osmotic adjustment and water status under saline conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cíntia Maria Teixeira Lins ◽  
Edivan Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Hidelblandi Farias de Melo ◽  
Martha Katharinne Silva Souza Paulino ◽  
Pablo Rugero Magalhães Dourado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Atriplex Nummularia

scholarly journals Salinity Tolerance of Muntries (Kunzea pomifera F. Muell.), a Native Food Crop in Australia

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1562-1569
Author(s):  
Chi M. Do ◽  
Kate L. Delaporte ◽  
Vinay Pagay ◽  
Carolyn J. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Exclusion Mechanism ◽  
Severe Growth ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

Identifying productive food crops that tolerate moderate soil salinity is critical for global food security. We evaluate the salinity tolerance of Kunzea pomifera (muntries), a traditional Indigenous food plant that grows naturally in coastal regions of southern Australia and thrives on relatively low rainfall. A range of saline irrigation treatments were tested on four genotypes: tap water, 50, 200, 300, and 400 mm NaCl [Maarten’s Favorite (MF)] and up to 200 mm NaCl (MP1, SES2, and CJ1). After a 10-week saline irrigation treatment at 50 mm NaCl, SES2 appeared to have the highest salt tolerance of all genotypes based on no significant change in the number of secondary branches. At 50 mm NaCl, sodium accumulated significantly in roots but not the leaves of three genotypes, suggesting an active shoot exclusion mechanism. At 200 mm NaCl, plant growth decreased, Na+ and Cl− generally accumulated to significantly higher levels in leaves, compared with 50 mm NaCl, whereas potassium (K+) levels were unchanged. At high NaCl (300 and 400 mm), MF showed severe growth retardation with leaf symptoms appearing in week 9. Our results indicate that two genotypes of K. pomifera, SES2 and CJ1, are moderately salt tolerant based on modest reductions in three growth parameters at 50 mm NaCl, compared with MF and MP1. Further evaluation of the natural diversity of this species should reveal a range of diverse mechanisms of salinity tolerance thus providing a new fruit crop for moderately saline soils. Chemical names: NaCl (sodium chloride).

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