scholarly journals Electric signals for separation of earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniæ)

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1137-1142
Author(s):  
Maria J. de Moraes ◽  
Delly Oliveira Filho ◽  
José H. Martins ◽  
Luiz C. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
Eudrilus Eugenia ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Pulse Characteristics ◽  
Electric Signals ◽  
Peak Widths

The worm Eudrilus eugeniæ is a species adapted to tropical climates and is highly demanded as fishing bait, therefore possessing high economic value. Separation of worms from humus is typically performed by manual, mechanical, behavioral and electric methods. The objective of this study was to characterize electric pulses for separation of worms (Eudrilus eugeniæ) from humus. To determine separation efficiency of worms from humus, a controlled pulse generator was used with frequencies of 1 and 5 Hz, voltages of 100 and 200 V, peak widths of 2, 3 and 4 x 10-3 s and exposure times of 15 and 30 min. The electrical pulse characteristics which resulted in greatest separation efficiency were: 1 Hz, 2 x 10-3 s and 200 V; and the maximum displacement index was 80% which occurred under these conditions. The survival index was 100% for the pulses which resulted in the greatest separation indices.

Pulsed Charge Model of Fault Behavior Producing Seismic Electric Signals (SES)

1997 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoji Ikeya ◽  
Shunji Takaki ◽  
Hiroshi Matsumoto ◽  
Atsushi Tani ◽  
Takahide Komatsu
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectra ◽  
Charge Generation ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Seismic Electric Signals ◽  
Atmospheric Molecules ◽  
Fault Behavior ◽  
Charge Model ◽  
Seismic Stress ◽  
Electric Signals

The electromagnetic (EM) behavior of a geological fault is postulated to follow the mathematical model of a fault in seismology that illustrates seismic EM anomalies EMAs). Charge densities, +q and -q in C/m2 are generated at a fault zone by the change in seismic stress, α as d q/ d t = -α d σ/ d t - q/∊ρ, where σ,∊ and ρ are the charge generation constants measured in C/N, dielectric constant and reisitivity of bedrocks, respectively. A fault of length, 2a, plane area, A and the displacement or rupture time, τ gives pulsed charge densities, +q(t) and -q(t), or a dipole moment of P(t) = 2aAq(t) = αM0[∊ρ/(τ - ∊ρ) - exp (-t/∊ρ)] using the earthquake moment M0. Maxwell's equations for this dipole in a conductive earth give power spectra of EM waves at diferrent distances. Seismic electric signals (SES) including the DC VAN method can be explained as EM waves. Electrons with density n in the atmosphere are accelerated by the electric field and travel a distance l. resulting in the exictation and ionization of atmospheric molecules leading to earthquake lightning (EQL). They also polarize the ionosphere by disturbing the transmission of EM waves prior to an earthquake and artificial electronic noises. The same pulsed field surprised eels and hamsters, suggesting seismic anomalous animal ehavious animal behavior (SAAB) as electro-physiological responses to the stimuli of electric pulses.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Coal Ash Collecting and Grading System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yuanhua Xie ◽  
Xianjin Li ◽  
Liwei Wang ◽  
Hong Yu ◽  
Bing Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Optimal Experiment ◽  
Median Diameter ◽  
Fluent Software ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Separation Parameters

The grading separation of coal ash can not only increase its economic value but also decrease its pollution to environment. Based on the jet-attracting flow technology and the gas-solid two-phase flow theory, the force and motion of coal ash particles in airflow were studied firstly. Focused on single coal ash particle, Matlab software was used to simulate the force conditions and separation parameters of various diameter coal ash particles in airflow. Fluent software was used to simulate the nozzle fluidization domain shape and to determine optimal jet flux. According to the theoretical results, a coal ash collecting and grading system was developed. Using the separation efficiency as the evaluation index, the optimal experiment parameters of jet flux, attracting flux, and separation time were obtained. At last, the calculated results and experimental results of coal ash particles median diameter from the first grading separation exit under various attracting fluxes were compared. The reasons that could cause the errors were discussed. This study has significant practical meaning and application value on coal ash collecting and grading separation.

scholarly journals Output Current Control System of a High Voltage Electric Pulse Generator for Plasma Excitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
D. V. Godun ◽  
S. V. Bordusau ◽  
G. P. Budzko
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Electric Pulse ◽  
Pulse Discharge ◽  
High Voltage Pulse ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
High Voltage Pulse Generator ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Voltage Pulse Generator

A control and pulse discharge current limiting system integrated into an AC/DC converter and pulse modulator of a high voltage pulse generator have been developed. The peculiarity of such system\textquotesingle s operation is the stabilization of the power supplied to the discharge and the correction of the width of output electric pulses towards decrease upon reaching the specified pulsed current amplitude value. The system enables the pulse generator to work in the modes close to the ``short circuited load'' mode. In this case the driving module of a composite IGBT key performs the correction of the working pulse width and blocks the pulse generator operation if needed. The suggested circuit design solutions allow using the generator in a wide range of electric plasma-forming parameters' modes and working with various types of vacuum gas discharge systems.

scholarly journals Parthenogenetic development of rabbit oocytes after electrical stimulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 400-405
Author(s):  
A. Wierzchos
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Electric Pulse ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Functional Condition ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
White Female ◽  
Foetal Calf Serum ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
Morula Stage

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of electric pulses on the structural and functional condition of rabbit oocytes. The New Zealand White female rabbits at 3&ndash;5 months of age and at 3&ndash;4 kg body weight served as oocyte donors. Oocytes after flushing from the oviducts were placed between two electrodes in an electroporation chamber which was filled with a dielectric solution. Following a short incubation in B2 medium, oocytes were subjected to an electric pulse released by an electrical pulse generator. Oocytes were then incubated in 500 &micro;l of B2 medium supplemented with 20% foetal calf serum (FCS) at 38&deg;C in an atmosphere of 5% CO<sub>2 </sub>in air. Oocytes were cultured until the morula/blastocyst stage (approx. 72 h). The experiment was conducted using 430 oocytes obtained post mortem. In vitro cultured oocytes not subjected to an electric pulse were the control. Each group was subdivided into replications according to electric current intensity. The analysis of experimental variants shows that in the first variant all embryos developed to the morula stage but only 10% of them continued to develop to the blastocyst stage. In the second variant we observed that 5&ndash;10% of oocytes developed to the blastocyst stage after treatment with 2.0 and 2.5 kV/cm pulse but in the group of 1.0 kV/cm pulse 35% of oocytes developed only to the 2&ndash;12 b stage. In the third variant only 1 oocyte (5%) continued to develop to the blastocyst stage, but in the fourth variant oocyte development stopped at the morula stage. In the fifth variant, called an &ldquo;extreme&rdquo; one, oocytes stopped to develop at the stage of 2&ndash;12 b (about 25%) and the percentage of degenerated oocytes dramatically increased (about 60%). &nbsp;

scholarly journals Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Daun Kelor Sebagai Produk Olahan Bernilai Gizi dan Bernilai Ekonomi Tinggi

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Astrid Maharani ◽  
Retno Murwanti
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Nutritious Food ◽  
The People ◽  
Marketing Analysis ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
Tropical Climates

Moringa oleifera is the one of familiar plants in Harjomulyo Village. The one factor of the number moringa plants in Harjomulyo Village because it’s too easy to grow in tropical climates, have high rainfall and are resistant to dry seasons. The problem of Harjomulyo Village is a lack of knowledge related to nutritional value and high economic value related to moringa plants which are widely available in Harjomulyo Village. The aim of this service is to educate the Moringa plant into processed nutritious food that has high economic value for the people of Harjomulyo Village. In solving the problem, it is carried out by extension methods and discussions about the benefits of moringa plants for health and fulfillment nutrition for family, technical counseling on the process of moringa sticks, packaging of moringa sticks, and business and marketing analysis of moringa sticks.

scholarly journals Studi Formulasi Hand Body Lotion Ekstrak Etanol Kunyit (Curcuma domestica val.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Arista Wahyu Ningsih ◽  
Irvan Charles S. Klau ◽  
Eka Pramuda Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Frequent Exposure

Damage to the skin will seriously affect human health and appearance, so the skin needs to be protected and maintained in good health. Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) Which contains antioxidants can be processed into a product and used to solve the problems of people who live in tropical climates, such as problems with the skin due to frequent exposure to sunlight and causing free radicals. It is hoped that the development and processing of kunyit in Indonesia will increase, given that this product has many benefits and advantages in terms of health and economic value. The research method used was Curcuma Rhizoma simplicia extraction, Kunyit extract Hand Body lotion formulation, Kunyit extract Hand Body lotion hedonic test, and Kunyit extract Hand Body lotion Moisture Test. Based on the results of the organoleptic observation test, the formulation has a distinctive smell of turmeric, thick and yellow in color. In the favorite test of the Kunyit Extract Hand Body lotion, 75% of the panelists liked the color, 65% of the panelists liked the aroma, 66% of the panelists liked the texture, and 69% of the panelists liked the non-sticky impression. The percentage of humidity obtained from the panelists on average was 77% and it was included in the very humid category

scholarly journals Modular multilevel TMS device with wide output range and ultrabrief pulse capability for sound reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Zeng ◽  
Lari M. Koponen ◽  
Rena Hamdan ◽  
Zhongxi Li ◽  
Stefan M. Goetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Storage Capacitor ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rapid Pulse ◽  
In Series ◽  
Pulse Characteristics

AbstractObjectiveThis article presents a novel transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) pulse generator with a wide range of pulse shape, amplitude, and width.ApproachBased on a modular multilevel TMS (MM-TMS) topology we had proposed previously, we realized the first such device operating at full TMS energy levels. It consists of ten cascaded H-bridge modules, each implemented with insulated-gate bipolar transistors, enabling both novel high-amplitude ultrabrief pulses as well as pulses with conventional amplitude and duration. The MM-TMS device can output pulses including up to 21 voltage levels with a step size of up to 1100 V, allowing relatively flexible generation of various pulse waveforms and sequences. The circuit further allows charging the energy storage capacitor on each of the ten cascaded modules with a conventional TMS power supply.Main resultsThe MM-TMS device can output peak coil voltages and currents of 11 kV and 10 kA, respectively, enabling suprathreshold ultrabrief pulses (> 8.25 μs active electric field phase). Further, the MM-TMS device can generate a wide range of near-rectangular monophasic and biphasic pulses, as well as more complex staircase-approximated sinusoidal, polyphasic, and amplitude-modulated pulses. At matched estimated stimulation strength, briefer pulses emit less sound, which could enable quieter TMS. Finally, the MM-TMS device can instantaneously increase or decrease the amplitude from one pulse to the next in discrete steps by adding or removing modules in series, which enables rapid pulse sequences and paired-pulse protocols with variable pulse shapes and amplitudes.SignificanceThe MM-TMS device allows unprecedented control of the pulse characteristics which could enable novel protocols and quieter pulses.

scholarly journals Effect of Spacing and dosage of Nitrogen against the Maydis Leaf Blight Disease of Maize

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Chandan Kumar ◽  
Phool Chand ◽  
C. S. Choudhary ◽  
Miss N. S. Akhtar ◽  
Bimla Rai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Pool Data ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Almost Everywhere ◽  
The World ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Very High

Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. It belongs to family, "Poaceae". It has wider adaptability under different agro-climatic conditions. Its productivity per unit area is very high, so it is called “queen of cereals” globally. Though, Crop has high food and economic value, its production is limited by many constraints including the diseases also. Maydis leaf blight (MLB) is found almost everywhere maize is grown. It is caused by fungus Helminthosporium maydis. This disease is highly destructive in hot, humid and tropical climates of the world. In present investigation field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of Spacing and Nitrogen dosages thereby managing the disease. The layout of this field experiment was in split plot design and conducted for the year 2019 and 2020 Kharif comprising of spacing: 45x20 cm, 60x20 cm and 75x20 cm and nitrogen dosages: 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg/ha as treatment with three replications. Results show that during 2019, the lowest PDI was obtained with the spacing of S3 (75x20 cm), which was significantly superior to all the spacing thereby reducing disease severity. The PDI was significantly influenced by nitrogen levels too. Lowest PDI (54.06 %) was obtained with the N3 (200 kg/ha), significantly superior to N2 and N1 levels of nitrogen fertilizer. There was also a significant interaction between spacing and nitrogen levels. Similar results were obtained during 2020 and for pool data that has also been calculated for the year Kharif 2019-2020. During the year, 2019 and 2020 grain yield was significantly influenced by spacing and nitrogen level too but the interaction was not significant.

scholarly journals High-Frequency and High-Voltage Asymmetric Bipolar Pulse Generator for Electroporation Based Technologies and Therapies

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1203
Author(s):  
Eva Pirc ◽  
Damijan Miklavčič ◽  
Katja Uršič ◽  
Gregor Serša ◽  
Matej Reberšek
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Repetition Rate ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Bipolar Pulse ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
Custom Made

Currently, in high-frequency electroporation, much progress has been made but limited to research groups with custom-made laboratory prototype electroporators. According to the review of electroporators and economic evaluations, there is still an area of pulse parameters that needs to be investigated. The development of an asymmetric bipolar pulse generator with a maximum voltage of 4 kV and minimum duration time of a few hundred nanoseconds, would enable in vivo evaluation of biological effects of high-frequency electroporation pulses. Herein, from a series of most commonly used drivers and optical isolations in high-voltage pulse generators the one with optimal characteristics was used. In addition, the circuit topology of the developed device is described in detail. The developed device is able to generate 4 kV pulses, with theoretical 131 A maximal current and 200 ns minimal pulse duration, the maximal pulse repetition rate is 2 MHz and the burst maximal repetition rate is 1 MHz. The device was tested in vivo. The effectiveness of electrochemotherapy of high-frequency electroporation pulses is compared to “classical” electrochemotherapy pulses. In vivo electrochemotherapy with high-frequency electroporation pulses was at least as effective as with “classical” well-established electric pulses, resulting in 86% and 50% complete responses, respectively. In contrast to previous reports, however, muscle contractions were comparable between the two protocols.

scholarly journals Hypothalamic Reproductive Endocrine Pulse Generator Activity Independent of Neurokinin B and Dynorphin Signaling

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 4304-4318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret F Lippincott ◽  
Silvia León ◽  
Yee-Ming Chan ◽  
Chrysanthi Fergani ◽  
Rajae Talbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Generator ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Pulse Generation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Neurokinin B ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Reproductive Endocrine ◽  
Pulse Characteristics

Abstract Context Kisspeptin–neurokinin B (NKB)–dynorphin neurons are critical regulators of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis. NKB and dynorphin are hypothesized to influence the frequency of GnRH pulses, whereas kisspeptin is hypothesized to be a generator of the GnRH pulse. How these neuropeptides interact remains unclear. Objective To probe the role of NKB in GnRH pulse generation and to determine the interactions between NKB, kisspeptin, and dynorphin in humans and mice with a complete absence of NKB. Design Case/control. Setting Academic medical center. Participants Members of a consanguineous family bearing biallelic loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding NKB and NKB-deficient mice. Interventions Frequent blood sampling to characterize neuroendocrine profile and administration of kisspeptin, GnRH, and naloxone, a nonspecific opioid receptor antagonist used to block dynorphin. Main Outcome Measures LH pulse characteristics. Results Humans lacking NKB demonstrate slow LH pulse frequency, which can be increased by opioid antagonism. Mice lacking NKB also demonstrate impaired LH secretion, which can be augmented with an identical pharmacologic manipulation. Both mice and humans with NKB deficiency respond to exogenous kisspeptin. Conclusion The preservation of LH pulses in the absence of NKB and dynorphin signaling suggests that both peptides are dispensable for GnRH pulse generation and kisspeptin responsiveness. However, NKB and dynorphin appear to have opposing roles in the modulation of GnRH pulse frequency.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document