scholarly journals Short-term community dynamics in seasonal and hyperseasonal cerrados

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
MV. Cianciaruso ◽  
MA. Batalha
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Species Density ◽  
Environmental Filters ◽  
Floristic Similarity ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Cylindrical Volume ◽  
Vegetation Form

In South America, the largest seasonal savanna region is the Brazilian cerrado. Our aim was to study temporal changes in some community descriptors, such as floristic composition, richness, species density, plant density, and cylindrical volume, in a seasonal cerrado, comparing it to a nearby hyperseasonal cerrado. In four different seasons, we placed randomly ten 1 m² quadrats in each vegetation form and sampled all the vascular plants. Seasonal changes in floristic composition, species density, and plant density were less pronounced in the seasonal than in the hyperseasonal cerrado. Floristic similarity between the vegetation forms was lower when the hyperseasonal cerrado was waterlogged. Richness and species density were higher in the seasonal cerrado, which reached its biomass peak at mid rainy season. The hyperseasonal cerrado, in turn, reached its biomass peak at early rainy season and, despite the waterlogging, maintained it until late rainy season. In the hyperseasonal cerrado, waterlogging acts as an environmental filter restricting the number of cerrado species able to withstand it. The seasonal cerrado community was more stable than the hyperseasonal one. Our results corroborated the idea that changes in the environmental filters will affect floristic composition and community structure in savannas.

scholarly journals A year in a Cerrado wet grassland: a non-seasonal island in a seasonal savanna environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
MV. Cianciaruso ◽  
MA. Batalha
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Species Density ◽  
Cerrado Vegetation ◽  
Wet Grassland ◽  
Wet Grasslands ◽  
Cylindrical Volume

In some Cerrado regions where the water table is superficial and soils are hydromorphic, we may find wet grasslands. We studied temporal changes in some community descriptors, such as species density, plant density, basal area, and cylindrical volume in a Cerrado wet grassland in four different seasons of the year. We also compared the species richness and composition of the wet grassland with a hyperseasonal cerrado, and a seasonal cerrado. We found significant differences among the seasons only for species density. Chao-Sørensen similarity values varied from 0.86 to 0.99 and, in the wet grassland, were not different among the seasons. On the contrary, similarity values between the wet grassland and hyperseasonal and seasonal cerrados were low. Species richness was lower in the wet grassland and higher in the seasonal cerrado. As long as savannas are highly dynamic on all temporal and spatial scales, the wet grassland stability, at least in a short-term view, introduces an important heterogeneity in regional scale. Wet grasslands are also important in the Cerrado domain to increase b-diversity, since they are floristically dissimilar with cerrado vegetation.

SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GRASSES HARVESTED FROM THE NATURAL PASTURE IN OGUN STATE SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
O. A. OKUKENU ◽  
B. T. AKINYEMI ◽  
P. A. DELE ◽  
A. A. OLAJIDE ◽  
A.O. JOLAOSHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
P Value ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Dominant Grasses

The research was carried was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition of the dominant grasses harvested from the natural pasture in selected villages in Ogun State, South-western Nigeria at different seasons. The study was carried out using a 4 × 6 factorial arrangement comprising four seasons (early rain, late rain, early dry and late dry) at six locations (Afami, Atokun, Ibooro, Ileniku, Ipaaya, and Okerori). Results showed that the crude protein (CP) content significantly (p<0.05) varied from 5.56 % for Okerori to 7.34 % for Ibooro and the grasses harvested at Afami had the highest (72.75 %) neutral detergent fibre (NDF) values with the least (68.75 %) value recorded for Okerori, while the acid detergent fibre (ADF) values ranged from 41.00 % for Atokun to 48.25 % for Okerori. Also, CP value as affected by the season ranged from 4.23 % for late rainy to 9.44 % for the early rainy season and NDF values from 67.33% for late dry to 72.33 % for late rainy season while the early dry season had the highest value (48.00 %) for ADF with the least value (40.33 %) was recorded for the early rainy season. The phosphorus (P) value was highest at Ipaaya (2.99 g/kg) with the least value observed at Okerori (1.62 g/kg). The value for calcium ranged from 2.55 g/kg at Afami to 6.59 g/kg at Okerori. The P value of grasses as affected by seasons ranged from 1.46 g/kg for early dry to 2.66 g/kg for early rainy seasons.

scholarly journals Ecological aspects of black-pincelled marmoset (Callithrix penicillata) in the cerradão and dense cerrado of the Brazilian Central Plateau

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. B. de MIRANDA ◽  
D. S. de FARIA
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Bird Eggs ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Gallery Forests

Ecological data about three free-ranging groups of C. penicillata (black-pincelled marmoset) were observed between March and December 1996, in one cerradão patch (in the Ecological Reserve of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, RECOR) and two patches of dense cerrado (one in the Recor and another in the Botanical Garden of Brasília, JBB), situated in the APA (area of environmental protection) of the Gama/Cabeça-de-Veado, Distrito Federal. Each area was visited weekly during three periods of two months -- end of the rainy season (01/04 to 31/05), dry season (16/06 to 15/08) and beginning of the rainy season (14/10 to 15/12) -- and instantaneous scan records at fifteen minute intervals were made for the vertical and horizontal position of each visible individual of the target group. The group size ranged between 4 and 11 elements. In September, the birth of twins in both groups of the Recor was observed. Home-range varied from 8.25 to 18.5 hectares, while density ranged from 0.4 to 0.82 ind/ha. Twenty two species of nine tree families were identified as exudate sources. Qualea grandiflora (Vochysiaceae), Vochysia thyrsoidea (Vochysiaceae), Scheflera macrocarpum (Araliaceae) and Qualea parviflora (Vochysiaceae) were more explored. Fruits (14 species, two of which were exotics), nectar, honey, arthropods (mainly orthopterans) and bird eggs complete their diet. The main sleep-tree species was Emmotum nitens (Icacinaceae). Data from different seasons and studied groups/areas were compared along previous data from this primate species in gallery forests. In the cerradão and dense cerrado areas C. penicillata had a similar group size, however a larger home-range and smaller density than in gallery forests were observed in this study.

Stable Isotopes Analysis of Precipitation in Subtropical Plateau of Yunnan

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1059-1063
Author(s):  
Wei Guan ◽  
Tao Fan ◽  
Xiu Qin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Precipitation Line ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

To elucidate the relationship between stable isotopes of precipitation (SIP) and the extreme drought in Kunming area, based on the stable isotopes data of the GNIP in Kunming site from 1986 to 2003, the precipitation line equation is brought forward and the seasonal change rule of stable isotopes are discussed. The stable isotopic compositions of precipitation exhibit great diversities in different seasons during to influences of multiple factors, such as monsoon, rainfall amount moisture source and others. The δ18O values in rainwater exhibit significant seasonal variations, the average of-10.12‰ in rainy season, the dry season is-4.5‰, having lower values in the rainy season and higher one in the dry season. The amount effect of precipitation is very distinct, that concealed the temperature effect. Got the special geographical position,dvalues present unique characteristics, the average ofdvalues is 10.78‰ in rainy season, and is 4.86‰ in dry season, the mean value is generally lower than most parts of the world.

scholarly journals How Bovine Livestock Affects Seed Rain in Subtropical Climate Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Maureen de Moraes Stefanello ◽  
Ana Paula Moreira Rovedder ◽  
Roselene Marostega Felker ◽  
Matheus Degrandi Gazzola ◽  
Betina Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Floristic Similarity ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
History Of

Seed rainfall may be one of the mechanisms most impacted by livestock production in forest remnants. The trampling and cattle grazing alter dynamics, structure and floristic composition of the forest. The present work characterized the seed rainin forest remnants and the possible impacts of the presence and the management regime with different cattle stocks in the Pampa biome, southern region of Brazil. We compared three areas in Seasonal Forest remnants with a management history of 43 years: cattle exclusion area (A1); area with a cattle stock of 0.5 ua ha-1 (A2); and area with cattle stock of 1.0 ua ha-1 (A3). The seed rain was collected quarterly in 16 collectors (1 &times; 1 m&sup2;) per area for 24 months. The seeds were counted and identified according to external morphological characteristics, habit and dispersion syndrome. Shannon diversity index, submitted to the Hutcheson test, Pielou evenness, expected diversity and floristic similarity were determined. The results indicated that the impacts caused by livestock to seed rain were more significant in A3 where a quantitative reduction in the number of seeds was observed, probably due to the low number of plant individuals that make up the community.

scholarly journals Ruderal succession starting at different seasons

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Bornkamm
Keyword(s):  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Clayey Loam ◽  
First Year ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Different Soils

Succession experiments were carried out in 1 m<sup>2</sup> sized plots on three different soils (S = sand. SCL = silty clayey loam, CL = clayey loam). Vegetation was allowed to grow for 9 years, starting at different dates between 18.06.1969 and 1.04.1971. The greatest part of the variation of floristic composition and cover was brought about by the different soils. Direct effects of the starting season were detected only in the first two years. On sand in the first year the winter annual <em>Conyza canadensis</em> was well developed on the plots that had started in spring, but was poorly developed on the summer and fall plots. In the second year it decreased in the spring plots but increased in the summer and fall plots. The same was true for the winter annual <em>Sonchus asper</em> on CL. On SCL, however., <em>Senecio vulgaris</em>, belonging to the therophyta epeteia (overwintering in summer habit), was well developed in both the spring and summer plots, and showed an increase towards the second year in the fall plots only. In the later years of the experiment plots that had been started early in the year mostly were dominated by <em>Poa pratensis</em> ssp. <em>angustifolia (or Quercus rubra)</em>, whereas plots that had been started late in the year mostly were dominated by <em>Solidagn canadensis</em> together with <em>Artemsia vulgaris</em>. The analyses of the transition events between the (sub)dominant species showed a variety of replacement patterns, but no determinated series of species following each other. It remains, therefore, unclear in what manner the differentiation between the terminal dominants may be related to the starting season.

scholarly journals Vegetation responses to season of fire in an aseasonal, fire-prone fynbos shrubland

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tineke Kraaij ◽  
Richard M. Cowling ◽  
Brian W. van Wilgen ◽  
Diba R. Rikhotso ◽  
Mark Difford
Keyword(s):  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Winter Rainfall ◽  
Recruitment Success ◽  
Floral Diversity ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Varied Response ◽  
One Year

Season of fire has marked effects on floristic composition in fire-prone Mediterranean-climate shrublands. In these winter-rainfall systems, summer-autumn fires lead to optimal recruitment of overstorey proteoid shrubs (non-sprouting, slow-maturing, serotinous Proteaceae) which are important to the conservation of floral diversity. We explored whether fire season has similar effects on early establishment of five proteoid species in the eastern coastal part of the Cape Floral Kingdom (South Africa) where rainfall occurs year-round and where weather conducive to fire and the actual incidence of fire are largely aseasonal. We surveyed recruitment success (ratio of post-fire recruits to pre-fire parents) of proteoids after fires in different seasons. We also planted proteoid seeds into exclosures, designed to prevent predation by small mammals and birds, in cleared (intended to simulate fire) fynbos shrublands at different sites in each of four seasons and monitored their germination and survival to one year post-planting (hereafter termed ‘recruitment’). Factors (in decreasing order of importance) affecting recruitment success in the post-fire surveys were species, pre-fire parent density, post-fire age of the vegetation at the time of assessment, and fire season, whereas rainfall (for six months post-fire) and fire return interval (>7 years) had little effect. In the seed-planting experiment, germination occurred during the cooler months and mostly within two months of planting, except for summer-plantings, which took 2–3 months longer to germinate. Although recruitment success differed significantly among planting seasons, sites and species, significant interactions occurred among the experimental factors. In both the post-fire surveys and seed planting experiment, recruitment success in relation to fire- or planting season varied greatly within and among species and sites. Results of these two datasets were furthermore inconsistent, suggesting that proteoid recruitment responses are not related to the season of fire. Germination appeared less rainfall-dependent than in winter-rainfall shrublands, suggesting that summer drought-avoiding dormancy is limited and has less influence on variation in recruitment success among fire seasons. The varied response of proteoid recruitment to fire season (or its simulation) implies that burning does not have to be restricted to particular seasons in eastern coastal fynbos, affording more flexibility for fire management than in shrublands associated with winter rainfall.

scholarly journals Diferentes distúrbios antrópicos na paisagem podem influenciar padrões florísticos e estruturais da Mata Atlântica?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Morais Paschoal ◽  
Arthur Duarte Vieira ◽  
Thiago José Ornelas Otoni ◽  
Aglaia Maciel Gripp ◽  
Jessica Pereira Freire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Component ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Semideciduous Forest ◽  
Floristic Similarity ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Intermediate Disturbance ◽  
Tree Communities ◽  
Environmental Variations ◽  
Tree Component

This study aimed to describe and compare the floristic and structural component of the tree component, as well as the alpha and beta diversity, as well as the floristic similarity of a remnant of Semideciduous Forest. The tree vegetation was sampled at two edges in contact with pasture (BP) and coffee growing (BC), and inside the fragment (INT). 2.840 individuals were sampled, identified in 56 families, 144 genera and 271 species (94 BC, 128 BP and 178 INT). The border stretches were characterized by higher density and smaller basal area than the interior, indicating the occurrence of disturbances. The variations in the structural floristic composition of the tree communities wereinfluenced by regional and local environmental variations, as well as the historical use of the area, according to Niche and Intermediate Disturbance Theories.

scholarly journals Behavior, ecology and territory of the chestnut-bellied hummingbird, Saucerottia castaneiventris, in the xerophytic vegetation of the Chicamocha canyon of Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-520
Author(s):  
Gerson Marcel Peñuela Díaz ◽  
Ludy Archila-Durán ◽  
Jorge Parra ◽  
Juan E. Carvajal‑Cogollo
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Near Threatened ◽  
Opuntia Dillenii

The Chestnut-bellied Hummingbird Saucerottia castaneiventris is an endemic hummingbird of Colombia, currently categorized as Near Threatened (NT) globally and as Vulnerable (VU) in Colombia. We characterize the territorial defense and foraging behaviors of S. castaneiventris hummingbird during different seasons of the year, and we determined the size of the S. castaneiventris territory and its relationship with floral abundance at different times of the year. We made four field trips between 2008 and 2009 and registered 19 individuals from S. castaneiventris. Of these, 10 were in the rainy periods, distributed in five territories (one male and one female for each). Eight were in the dry period (July), distributed in four territories. And one individual was in the dry period of February, which did not settle in any of the identified territories. Territorial defense occupied a large part of species’ time. The nectar drinking, and insect hunting were the most frequent activities. The most common floral resources were Opuntia dillenii, Tillandsia sp. and Aloe vera. The hummingbirds Chlorostilbon gibsoni and Doryfera ludoviciae shared habitats with S. castaneiventris and there were fluctuations in encounter rates between the seasons (C. gibsoni ER: 20–7.5 and D. ludoviciae and ER: 0.0–2.5). Territories ranged between 1800 and 3800 m2 for the dry season and between 1500 and 6500 m2 for the rainy season. Our results provided primary information on the ecology of S. castaneiventris and form the basis for the formulation of conservation strategies for the species and for its habitats..

scholarly journals Analisis Profil Konsentrasi Pb di Air Waduk Saguling

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ade Arinda ◽  
Eka Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
And Control

 ABSTRAKAir Waduk Saguling saat ini menunjukkan penurunan, baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas akibat aktivitas manusia yang menghasilkan limbah rumah tangga, industri, pertanian, peternakan, perikanan dan pertambangan. Salah satu pencemar di Waduk Saguling adalah logam berat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsentrasi Pb di perairan Waduk Saguling pada musim yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari PT Indonesia Power tahun 2008-2017. Data berasal dari tiga kedalaman yaitu kedalaman permukaan, tengah, dan dekat dasar perairan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi Pb di musim kemarau lebih tinggi daripada musim hujan dan sebagian sudah melebihi baku mutu yang mengacu pada Peraturan Pemerintah No. 82 Tahun 2001 tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air untuk logam Pb sebesar 0,03 mg/L. Parameter pendukung yang di analisis yaitu parameter DO, pH, TDS, suhu, kekeruhan, dan kesadahan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik menggunakan PCA, parameter yang paling mempengaruhi konsentrasi Pb di musim kemarau adalah kekeruhan dan suhu sedangkan musim hujan adalah TDS.Kata kunci: Musim, Pb, PCA, Waduk SagulingABSTRACTSaguling Water Reservoir currently shows a decline, both in quality and quantity due to human activities that produce domestic waste, industry, agriculture, livestock, fishery and mining. One of the pollutants in Saguling Reservoir is heavy metal. The research aims to analyze the concentration of Pb in the waters of Saguling Reservoir in different seasons. This research uses secondary data which is obtained from PT Indonesia Power in 2008-2017. The data comes from three depths: surface depth, center, and near bottom of water. Based on the results of the research shows that the concentration of Pb in the dry season is higher than the rainy season and some have exceeded the quality standard which refers to Government Regulation no. 82 of 2001 on the Management of Water Quality and Control of Water Pollution for Pb metal by 0.03 mg/L. The supporting parameters in the analysis are DO, pH, TDS, temperature, turbidity, and hardness parameters. Based on the results of statistical analysis using PCA, the parameters that most influence the concentration of Pb heavy metals in the dry season are turbidity and temperature and rainy season is TDS.Keywords: Season, pb, pca, saguling reservoi

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