Eimeria species in dairy and beef cattle of different ages in Goiás state, Brazil

Abstract This study aimed to identify the frequency of occurrence of Eimeria species in Holstein (taurine dairy cattle) and Nelore (zebu beef cattle) on 12 farms in the state of Goiás, Brazil. A total of 2,601 animals were evaluated, and the cattle were divided into the following age-group categories: up to three months old, four to eight months old, nine to 16 months old and cows. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum of all animals. None of the cattle presented any clinical signs of eimeriosis during the survey. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that higher rates of infection by Eimeria spp. were observed in Holstein cattle between the 1st and 16 th months of age and in Nelore cattle between the 1st and 8th months of age. Twelve and nine Eimeria species were diagnosed in Holstein and Nelore cattle, respectively. However, Eimeria zuernii was more prevalent in animals up to three months old, while Eimeria bovis was more common in the remaining categories (cattle aged four months and over). Future studies on the epidemiology and/or seasonality of infection by Eimeria species in cattle, from birth onwards, are needed in order to better understand the dynamics of E. zuernii and E. bovis occurrences, especially in cattle under three months of age.

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Occurrence and diversity of Eimeria species in cattle in Hamedan province, Iran

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/7570-vetmed ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 271-275 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

H. Heidari ◽

Z. Sadeghi-Dehkordi ◽

R. Moayedi ◽

J. Gharekhani

Keyword(s):

Eimeria Species ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Western Iran ◽

Eimeria Spp ◽

Hamedan Province ◽

Cattle Farms ◽

Eimeria Infection

Information on the occurrence, diversity and economic losses due to Eimeria infection on cattle farms is lacking in Western Iran. The principal aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of Eimeria species in cattle in Hamedan province, Western Iran. In a cross-sectional study performed from June 2010 to April 2013, 400 faecal samples were collected randomly from animals without clinical signs from different cattle farms of Hamedan province and examined for Eimeria species infection using parasitology methods. The overall infection rate of Eimeria species was 8.25%. Nine species of Eimeria were identified including: E. bovis (23.7%), E. zuernii (19.2%), E. canadensis (12.6%), E. ellipsodalis (11.4%), E. alabamensis (10.4%), E. pellita (9.1%), E. auburnensis (6.8%), E. cylindrica (4.6%) and E. bukidnonensis (2.3%). There were statistically significant differences with respect to Eimeria infection and age group (P < 0.0001, OR = 6), although no statistically significant relationships were found for sex (P = 0.35) or faecal consistency (P = 0.587). In conclusion, this study is the first to report the prevalence and diversity of Eimeria species in cattle in Hamedan province. Infection with pathogenic Eimeria spp. was asymptomatic in all animals; this is the reason for the transmission of infection by carriers in this region. Therefore, integrated strategies should be utilised to prevent and control Eimeria spp. infection on cattle farms.  

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Eimeria infections in goats in Southern Portugal

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612014051 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 280-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Liliana Machado Ribeiro da Silva ◽

Maria João Martins Vila-Viçosa ◽

Telmo Nunes ◽

Anja Taubert ◽

Carlos Hermosilla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eimeria Species ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Intestinal Infection ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Diagnostic Investigation ◽

Highly Pathogenic ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Eimeria Spp ◽

Southern Portugal ◽

Prevalent Species

Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria species is a major form of intestinal infection affecting intensively and semi-intensively reared goats. The province of Alentejo is the main goat-producing area in Portugal. Therefore, all 15 Serpentina goat farms in Alentejo were analyzed regarding the occurrence and diversity of Eimeria species. Fecal samples obtained from 144 animals (52.1% dairy goats, 47.9% pre-pubertal goats) were examined using the modified McMaster technique to determine the number of oocysts per gram of feces. Eimeria spp. oocysts were present in 98.61% of the fecal samples and, overall, nine different Eimeria species were identified. The most prevalent species were E. ninakohlyakimovae (88%) and E. arloingi (85%), followed by E. alijevi (63%) and E. caprovina(63%). The average number of oocysts shed was significantly lower in dairy goats than in pre-adult animals. Astonishingly, no clinical signs of coccidiosis were observed in any of the animals examined, even though they were shedding high numbers of oocysts and were infected with highly pathogenic species. Thus, implementation of routine diagnostic investigation of the occurrence and diversity of caprine Eimeria species may be a useful tool for determination and better understanding of their potential economic impact on goat herds in southern Portugal.

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia

Veterinary World ◽

10.14202/vetworld.2021.2339-2345 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2339-2345

Author(s):

Fitrine Ekawasti ◽

Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo ◽

Lintang Winantya Firdausy ◽

April Hari Wardhana ◽

Dyah Haryuningtyas Sawitri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Eimeria Species ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Intensive Management ◽

Adult Cattle ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Eimeria Spp ◽

Intensively Managed

Background and Aim: Eimeria spp. are gastrointestinal protozoans that affect animal productivity, thereby causing symptoms that range from bloody diarrhea to death. These symptoms cause economic losses to farmers. The distribution of Eimeria spp. in cattle has, therefore, been reported to have spread widely, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Indonesia is a tropical country at high risk of Eimeria infections. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors related to the levels of eimeriosis in beef cattle originating from different geographic areas in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Here, 817 fecal samples were collected from beef cattle in Indonesia, including 282 calves, 535 adults, 530 males, and 287 females. In addition, 156 semi-intensively and 661 intensively managed cattle were randomly collected. Then, fecal samples were analyzed by parasitology examinations. Results: Screening examination using the sugar flotation modification method showed that Eimeria spp. were prevalent in Indonesia, as 65.4% of the bacterial strain was detected. The prevalence of identified Eimeria spp. in Indonesia was highest in North Maluku (Maluku Island) (94.1%), whereas the lowest levels were observed in West Java (24.0%) (Java Island). The prevalence was also found to be higher in males (79.3%) than females (51.9%). Similarly, levels in semi-intensively managed cattle (66.7%) were higher than those subjected to intensive management (65.9%). However, its prevalence in calf and adult cattle was similar. Conclusion: Bovine eimeriosis spp. were detected at high prevalence in Indonesia, and high-level risks were observed in infected males, including those under the semi-intensive management. In addition, although the results from oocyst examinations were based on qualitative analysis, the endemicity levels of Eimeria spp. among farms in Indonesia should be considered because Eimeria spp. were distributed in most parts of Indonesia. Based on the results of this study, we provide the first information about the prevalence of bovine eimeriosis from different geographical locations in Indonesia, which have differing climates associated with the level of the existing risk factors. Hence, farmers are advised to pay more attention to strict biosecurity techniques on their farms, thereby favoring the early control of bovine eimeriosis.

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NEW HAPLOTYPE OF HOLSTEIN CATTLE FERTILITY

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2020.27.45.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Н.В. КОВАЛЮК ◽

В.Ф. САЦУК ◽

Е.В. МАЧУЛЬСКАЯ ◽

Ю.Ю. ШАХНАЗАРОВА

Keyword(s):

Genetic Testing ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Spontaneous Abortion ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Holstein Cattle ◽

Frequency Of Occurrence ◽

Heterozygous State ◽

Homozygous State ◽

Genetic Anomaly ◽

Holstein Population

В 2018 году методом идентификации регионов с потерей гомозиготности открыта новая генетическая аномалия крупного рогатого скота голштинской породы в гене SDE2 (g.29773628A>G; rs434666183). В гетерозиготном состоянии она приводит к носительству гаплотипа НН6, в гомозиготном — вызывает замедление роста эмбриона и самопроизвольный аборт до 56 дня стельности. Родоначальником этой аномалии считают голштинского производителя MOUNTAIN USAM000002070579, 1987 г. р. Частота встречаемости в современной голштинской популяции носителей НН6 гаплотипа составляет около 1,2%. Была установлена частота встречаемости носителей гаплотипа НН6 среди коров и быков-производителей голштинской породы, используемых в системе искусственного осеменения Краснодарского края. В статье приведены последовательности праймеров и методика генотипирования. Установлено, что частота встречаемости носителей гаплотипа НН6 в генотипированной группе (60 коров и 63 быка-производителя) составила менее 1% (0,8%). Проблема распространения носительства гаплотипа НН6 для молочного скотоводства Краснодарского края в настоящее время не является острой, однако тестирование на наличие гаплотипа НН6 желательно включить вместе с тестированием на наличие других гаплотипов голштинского скота (НН1, НН2, НН3, НН4, НН5, НСD) в список обязательных генетических тестирований племенных животных с целью не допустить в дальнейшем распространения мутации в гене SDE2. In 2018, a new genetic anomaly of Holstein cattle in the SDE2 gene (g.29773628A>G; rs434666183) was discovered by the method of identification of regions with loss of homozygosity. In the heterozygous state, it leads to the carrier of the haplotype HH6, in the homozygous state, it causes a slowdown in the growth of the embryo and spontaneous abortion before the 56th day of pregnancy. The originator of this anomaly is considered to be the Holstein manufacturer MOUNTAIN USAM000002070579 born in 1987. the Frequency of occurrence in the modern Holstein population of carriers of the HH6 haplotype is about 1.2%. The frequency of occurrence of carriers of the haplotype HN6 among Holstein cows and bulls used in the system of artificial insemination of the Krasnodar territory was established. The article presents the sequence of primers and the method of genotyping. It was found that the frequency of occurrence of carriers of the HH6 haplotype in the genotyped group (60 cows and 63 bulls) was less than 1% (0.8%). The problem of spreading the carrier haplotype HH6 for dairy cattle in the Krasnodar territory is currently not acute, but testing for the presence of haplotype HH6 is desirable to include together with testing for the presence of other haplotypes of Holstein cattle (HH1, HH2, HH3, HH4, HH5, HSD) in the list of mandatory genetic testing of breeding animals in order to prevent the further spread of mutations in the SDE2 gene.

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Occurrence of internal parasites in cattle in various management systems in South-East Poland

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.6105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (8) ◽

pp. 501-506

Author(s):

KRZYSZTOF TOMCZUK ◽

KLAUDIUSZ SZCZEPANIAK ◽

MARTA DEMKOWSKA-KUTRZEPA ◽

MONIKA ROCZEŃ-KARCZMARZ ◽

ANDRZEJ JUNKUSZEW ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Management System ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Farming System ◽

Herd Size ◽

Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽

Production Type ◽

Eimeria Spp ◽

Internal Parasites

The changes in the cattle farming system in Poland observed in the last two decades and related to its evolution into massive scale, specialized farming may have an influence on the occurrence of parasitoses. The study was aimed at showing differences in the prevalence of internal parasites in cattle depending on the herd size, management system and production type. In the period of October to December in 2016 and 2017, the study covered 46 farms with a livestock density from 2 to 160 animals (over 1 year of age), including 25 farms with a confined management system, 12 farms using pastures occasionally and 7 farms with animals using pastures during the whole season. Out of these farms, 36 were oriented towards dairy cattle and 10 to beef cattle. The analytical methods involved flotation, sedimentation and the Baermann technique. In total, 276 feces samples were analyzed. The analysis involved a representative number of samples from each farm, depending on the herd size: from 100% of the animals in the smallest farms to 10% in the largest ones. In total, eleven different taxa of parasites were identified, and their general prevalence was as follows: Eimeria spp. 24.6%, Buxtonella sulcata 25.7%, Strongyloides papillosus 7.6%, gastrointestinal nematodes (Trichostrongylidae, Chabertia, Oesophagostomum) 35.1%, Nematodirus spp. 4.7%, Bunostomum phlebotomum 7.6%, Trichuris spp. 6.2%, Fasciola hepatica 6.9%, Paramphistomum spp 2.5%, Moniezia spp. 2.9%, Dictyocaulus viviparus 2.5%. The forms of parasites were found in samples coming from all studied herds. Invasions of protozoa (Eimeria, Buxtonella) were most commonly found in dairy cattle, in large herds managed in a free stall barn system and in beef cattle, in large herds managed in a pasture system. These herds were also most frequently infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. The invasions of trematodes, tapeworms and pulmonary nematodes were detected only in cattle using pastures, most commonly in large herds..

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Performance of case definitions and clinical predictors for influenza surveillance among patients followed in a rural cohort in Senegal

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-020-05724-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mamadou Aliou Barry ◽

Florent Arinal ◽

Cheikh Talla ◽

Boris Gildas Hedible ◽

Fatoumata Diene Sarr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Sore Throat ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Influenza Infection ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Influenza Virus Infection ◽

Nasal Discharge ◽

Age Group ◽

Case Definitions

Abstract Background Influenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa. However, a lack of epidemiological data remains for this pathology, and the performances of the influenza-like illness (ILI) case definitions used for sentinel surveillance have never been evaluated in Senegal. This study aimed to i) assess the performance of three different ILI case definitions, adopted by the WHO, USA-CDC (CDC) and European-CDC (ECDC) and ii) identify clinical factors associated with a positive diagnosis for Influenza in order to develop an algorithm fitted for the Senegalese context. Methods All 657 patients with a febrile pathological episode (FPE) between January 2013 and December 2016 were followed in a cohort study in two rural villages in Senegal, accounting for 1653 FPE observations with nasopharyngeal sampling and influenza virus screening by rRT-PCR. For each FPE, general characteristics and clinical signs presented by patients were collected. Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for the three ILI case definitions were assessed using PCR result as the reference test. Associations between clinical signs and influenza infection were analyzed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. Sore throat, arthralgia or myalgia were missing for children under 5 years. Results WHO, CDC and ECDC case definitions had similar sensitivity (81.0%; 95%CI: 77.0–85.0) and NPV (91.0%; 95%CI: 89.0–93.1) while the WHO and CDC ILI case definitions had the highest specificity (52.0%; 95%CI: 49.1–54.5) and PPV (32.0%; 95%CI: 30.0–35.0). These performances varied by age groups. In children < 5 years, the significant predictors of influenza virus infection were cough and nasal discharge. In patients from 5 years, cough, nasal discharge, sore throat and asthenia grade 3 best predicted influenza infection. The addition of “nasal discharge” as a symptom to the WHO case definition decreased sensitivity but increased specificity, particularly in the pediatric population. Conclusion In summary, all three definitions studies (WHO, ECDC & CDC) have similar performance, even by age group. The revised WHO ILI definition could be chosen for surveillance purposes for its simplicity. Symptomatic predictors of influenza virus infection vary according the age group.

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Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Beef Cattle and Dairy Cattle in Northeast China

Foodborne Pathogens and Disease ◽

10.1089/fpd.2011.1104 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 579-582 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jian-Hua Qiu ◽

Chun-Ren Wang ◽

Xu Zhang ◽

Zhong-Hua Sheng ◽

Qiao-Chen Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Beef Cattle ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Northeast China

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Influencing Perceptions in Non-animal Science Majors: Impact of a High Enrollment, Asynchronous Core Curriculum Science General Animal Science Course

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab096.083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 45-45

Author(s):

Sushil Paudyal ◽

Leslie Frenzel ◽

Kathrin Dunlap

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Student Perceptions ◽

Core Curriculum ◽

Small Animal ◽

Likert Scale ◽

Animal Production ◽

Science Majors ◽

Animal Science ◽

Production Industry

Abstract Perceptions of animal production industry and background knowledge of animal science vary greatly amongst students, particularly non-animal science majors. The objective was to assess the influence of a large asynchronous core curriculum science course, General Animal Science, on non-major student perceptions and knowledge of animal science. Student surveys (n = 634) were conducted (preceding and subsequent to course completion. The majority (57.66%) indicated no agriculture background. Among those reporting an agriculture background, 47.82% indicated having animal industry experience, and a mean score of 4.22 [SD 2.96; Likert scale (0–10)] evaluating perceived strength of their agriculture background. Of respondents, 34.77% indicated experience with companion animal, 13.6% beef cattle, 12.5% equine, 10.4% sheep and goats, 8.01% swine, 9.7% poultry, and 3.5% dairy cattle. Post-course responses were received from 71% of the enrolled students (n=541), and comprised of freshman (0–29 credit hours; n = 81), sophomore (30–59, n = 142), junior (60–89; n = 141), senior (90+; n = 48). Respondents indicated a mean score of 7.51 [SD 2.47; Likert scale (0–10)] that this course increased their interest in animal science and indicated a mean score of 6.71 (SD 2.97) on motivation to further their animal science knowledge. Students reported they felt more informed in beef cattle (40.10%), dairy cattle (15.05%), equine (14.56%), poultry (10.92%), swine (4.61%), and small animal (6.55%) production industries. Respondents (98.06%) indicated increased confidence as an educated consumer of animal products and a majority (92.2%) agreed this course helped eliminate misconceptions related to the animal production industry. In addition, 34.22% responded extremely likely, and 50.73% somewhat likely to utilize course knowledge in their everyday life. We concluded that enrollment in the asynchronous core curriculum science course, General Animal Science, reduced misconceptions related to animal production and increased knowledge of and appreciation of the animal production industry in non-animal science majors.

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Relative performance of white clover (Trifolium repens) cultivars and experimental synthetics under rotational grazing by beef cattle, dairy cattle and sheep

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp21084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (11) ◽

pp. 926

Author(s):

M. Z. Z. Jahufer ◽

J. L. Ford ◽

G. R. Cousins ◽

D. R. Woodfield

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

White Clover ◽

Trifolium Repens ◽

Genotypic Variation ◽

Relative Performance ◽

Seasonal Growth ◽

Sheep Grazing ◽

Rotational Grazing ◽

Average Performance

Assessment of the relative performance of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivars, using multi-year and multi-location seasonal growth trials, is key to identification of material with specific and broad adaptation. This paper is based on a multi-year and multi-location study of 56 white clover entries comprising 14 commercial cultivars and 42 experimental synthetic lines evaluated for seasonal growth under rotational grazing across four locations in New Zealand over 4years. The four locations (and animals grazing) were: Kerikeri (beef cattle), Aorangi (beef cattle), Ruakura (dairy cattle), Lincoln (sheep). Significant (P<0.05) genotypic variation among the 56 entries, and genotype × year, genotype× location and genotype× season interactions, were estimated. We were able to identify cultivars and experimental synthetics with specific and broad adaptation to the three grazing management types. Cvv. AberDance, Apex, Demand, Prestige, Quartz and Riesling, with leaf size ranging from small to medium–large, showed highly above-average performance under sheep grazing. Synthetic lines 15 and 45 also had highly above-average performance under sheep grazing. Cvv. Legacy and Kopu II showed above-average performance under cattle and dairy grazing. Synthetics 15, 48, 49, 44, 22 and 18 and cv. Quartz had above-average performance under all three grazing managements. Synthetics 27, 33 and 38 had highly above-average performance across all three grazing managements and were superior to all 14 cultivars evaluated. Several of these superior synthetics are being tested across multiple grazing environments. Among the 14 cultivars evaluated, Legacy and Quartz showed superior seasonal growth performance across the three grazing managements. Quartz is being evaluated in several on-farm trials across temperate regions of the world.

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Screening of potential donors for immunoglobulins M and G to new coronavirus infection

Vestnik of Russian military medical Academy ◽

10.17816/brmma64965 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 49-54

Author(s):

Yuliia E. Romashova ◽

Vladimir N. Vilyaninov ◽

Nikolay V. Belgesov ◽

Sergey P. Kaleko

Keyword(s):

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Active Movement ◽

Frequency Of Occurrence ◽

Age Group ◽

Spring Period ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 ◽

Epidemiological Situation ◽

Selection Of

This study presents the results of the examination of potential donors of blood and its components for immunoglobulins M and G to patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) living in St. Petersburg. A total of 6782 people aged 1824 years were evaluated, which accounted for 2.07% of the regions population (326 760 people) of this age group. The study was carried out in the spring and autumn of 2020. A negative result (absence of antibodies) was obtained in 93.5% of the participants. The rates of immunoglobulins M and M + G were 0.58% and 4.18%, respectively, in the spring and autumn. Moreover, the number of participants who had immunoglobulins M and G + M in the autumn period was four times higher than the indicators of the spring period, which indicated greater infection activities in the population during this period. This is most likely due to the active movement of the population in the summer. When comparing the rates of COVID-19 infection and the frequency of occurrence in donors of the same age, markers of human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 and hepatitis B and C in 2020 (0.024, 0.012 and 0.13%, respectively) indicate the urgency of the problem of donor selection during blood services, especially during a difficult epidemiological situation because of COVID-19. Along with organizational measures for the selection of donors (e.g., attracting individuals from organized groups in which there are no signs of an unfavorable epidemiological situation to donation), mandatory testing of potential donors for immunoglobulins M and G should be considered.

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