PRE and POST Herbicidal Activity of Monoterpenes against Barnyard Grass (Echinochloa crus-galli)

Weed Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neama A. A. Gouda ◽  
Mona M. G. Saad ◽  
Samir A. M. Abdelgaleil
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents

Monoterpenes, the major constituents of essential oils, are known for their diverse biological activities. This study was conducted to assess the herbicidal effect of six monoterpenes viz. (R)-carvone, 1,8-cineole, cuminaldehyde, (S)-fenchone, geraniol, (S)-limonene, and (R)-linalool on barnyardgrass under laboratory and glasshouse conditions with a view to explore the possibility of their utilization for future weed management. The effect of monoterpenes on chlorophyll contents and total phenolic compounds was also evaluated. The inhibitory effects of monoterpenes on seed germination and seedling growth were tested at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mM. The results showed that geraniol and (R)-carvone caused greatest reduction of seed germination with complete inhibition at the concentrations > 2 mM. Similarly, these two compounds were the most potent inhibiters for root and shoot growth. In general, monoterpenes were less effective against seed germination than seedling growth. Furthermore, the inhibition of root growth by all compounds was greater than that of shoot growth. In foliar application treatments under glasshouse conditions, the monoterpenes reduced the fresh and dry weights, and shoot length of two-leaf stage barnyardgrass at concentrations of 1 and 2%. In addition, the tested monoterpenes caused phytotoxicity symptoms, mainly chlorosis and necrosis, followed by weed death. Complete weed control was observed in the treatments with 1 and 2% of geraniol, and 2% of cuminaldehyde. Further, a reduction of chlorophyll contents and total phenolic compounds of barnyardgrass leaves was noticed, indicating that the monoterpenes cause adverse effect on photosynthesis and weed metabolism. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the monoterpenes, particularly geraniol, (R)-carvone, and cuminaldehyde, can be used as potential natural herbicides.

scholarly journals Selenium Fortification Alters the Growth, Antioxidant Characteristics and Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) Cultivars in Hydroponic Culture

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Saeedi ◽  
Forouzandeh Soltani ◽  
Mesbah Babalar ◽  
Fatemeh Izadpanah ◽  
Melanie Wiesner-Reinhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Antioxidant Characteristics ◽  
Low Selenium

Nowadays the importance of selenium for human health is widely known, but most of the plants are poor in terms of selenium storage and accumulation because of the low selenium mineralization potential of the soil. For this purpose, foliar application of different sodium selenate concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L) was used to treat the cauliflower cultivars “Clapton” and “Graffiti”. Higher yields and other related vegetative attributes were improved at 10 and 15 mg/L sodium selenate application. At a concentration of 10 mg/L sodium selenate, photosynthetic pigments, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity were enhanced in both cultivars, but the “Graffiti” cultivar responded stronger than the “Clapton” cultivar. The glucosinolates were accumulated in response to selenium fortification and the highest amounts were found in the “Graffiti” cultivar at 10 mg/L. Selenium accumulated concentration-dependently and rose with higher fertilization levels. In general, foliar application of selenium at 10 mg/L led to an accumulation of secondary metabolites and also positively affected the growth and yield of florets.

scholarly journals Effect of foliar calcium chloride treatment on the level of chlorogenic acid, β-carotene, lutein and tocopherols in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Perucka ◽  
Katarzyna Olszówka
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Tocopherol Content ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Β Carotene

The aim of the presented study was to determine the effect of foliar application of CaCl<sub>2</sub> on the level of β-carotene, lutein, tocopherols and phenolic compounds in the leaves of lettuce cv. Omega (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.). The experiments were conducted in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Cultivation and Fertilisation of Horticultural Plants, University of Life Sciences in Lublin. During the growing period, 7 and 14 days before harvest, the plants were treated with a solution of CaCl<sub>2</sub> with concentrations of 0.1 M and 0.2 M. Plants sprayed with water were the control treatment in the experiment. Analyses were performed on whole leaves and the blade without midrib. The obtained results indicate that the leaves of lettuce cv. Omega are a good source of phenolic compounds, carotenoids and tocopherols. The dominant carotenoid in lettuce cv. Omega was β-carotene. Foliar application of CaCl<sub>2</sub> on the plants did not have any significant effect on the level of β-carotene and lutein in the whole leaves. The contents of tocopherols, total phenolic compounds and chlorogenic acid were dependent on the concentration of CaCl<sub>2</sub>. The application of 0.1 M CaCl<sub>2</sub> solution in the plants resulted in a decrease in the level of total phenolic compounds and chlorogenic acid, and an increase in tocopherol content. However, the treatment of the plants with 0.2M CaCl<sub>2</sub> solution caused a lowering of the concentration of tocopherols and an increase in the content of chlorogenic acid and total phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals 344 Dormancy Breaking and Germination of Liriope spicata Lour.

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 502D-502
Author(s):  
Ki Sun Kim ◽  
Ji Ny Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Germination Inhibitors

There are many ground covers native to Korea. Liriope spicata is very promising for landscaping purposes due to its waxy and dark-green foliage fragrant and pink flowers, as well as fruit. However, seeds harvested during late fall do not germinate at all if they are sown in spring. Thus, series of experiments were conducted to undestand the physiological mechanism of dormancy breaking and germination of Liriope spicata Lour. seeds and to determine the effective methods for enhancing seed germination. Fruit were harvested in October through December. Depulped seeds germinated rapidly, indicating that one or more inhibitors may be present in the pulps of fruit and/or seeds. GA3, NaOCl, NaOH, and H2SO4 treatments and dry cold treatment had no effect on germination, whereas wet, cold seed treatment for at least 30 days promoted germination up to 75% within 15 days. Optimum conditions for germination was continuous dark and 25/20 °C alternate temperature conditions. Extracts from pulps and seeds showed a strong inhibition effects on the germination of lettuce seeds, indicating that germination inhibitors are present in pulp and seeds. Since extracts from naked seeds did not show inhibition, inhibitory substances are thought to be present in pulp and seedcoat. Pulp and seeds were extracted with water and methanol and autoclaved at 115 °C, followed by bioassay experiments. Germination inhibitors were found water soluble and heat stable by series of bioassay experiments. Diluted extracts 4 to 8 times still maintained inhibitory effects. Optimum seed harvesting time was from 22 Nov. to 1 Dec., where seed germination was high without additional seed treatments. Total phenolic compounds and ABA contents of pulp and seeds decreased by wet cold seed treatment. Changes in total phenolic compounds and ABA in from October through December were correlated with germination during the seed development. When contents of total phenolic compounds and ABA were high, seeds did not germinate at all, while low contents resulted in good seed germination.

scholarly journals INHIBITION OF PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE LIPOSOMES OXIDATION BY PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF ALOE EXTRACTS: A. ARBORESCENS, A. PILLANSII AND A. SQUARROSA

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Nikolaevna Sazhina ◽  
Petr Vladimirovich Lapshin ◽  
Natal'ya Viktorovna Zagoskina ◽  
Nadezhda Pavlovna Palmina
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes ◽  
Antioxidant Profile ◽  
Active Substances

Various species of the genus Aloe which there are in the world more than 500 are considered as important sources of biologically active substances and attract an attention of researchers by numerous manifestations of their biological properties. The most studied and used Aloe species are A. arborescens and A. vera, however some other species show not smaller biological activity, in particular antioxidant, than made mention. In the present work on model of the initiated oxidation of phosphatidylcholine liposomes comparison of the antioxidant activity (AOA) of leaves extracts of A. arborescens, A. pillansii, A. squarrosa and also the total content of their phenolic compounds was carried out. It is established that A. pillansii extract has approximately by 12 times higher AOA, than A. arborescens extract, and by 4 times, than A. squarrosa. The measured values of the total phenolic compounds content showed considerably smaller difference between these extracts. It can demonstrate existence in A. pillansii leaves of more difficult antioxidant profile, than in A. arborescens, and higher concentration of active phenolic metabolites. Results of this work allow recommending A. pillansii for more depth studies of its different biological activities.

scholarly journals Chemical profile and allelopathic potential of Anacardium humile St. Hill. (cajuzinho-do-cerrado) leaf aqueous extract in the seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce, tomato and sicklepod

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Cristina Lacerda Pereira ◽  
Rosemary Matias ◽  
Elvia Silvia Rizzi ◽  
Ana Carolina Rosa ◽  
Ademir Kleber Morbeck de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Voucher Specimen ◽  
Different Levels

Anacardium genus, Anacardiaceae, stands out for the presence of phenolic compounds. One of its species, investigated for its different potential uses, is Anacardium humile; however, little is known about its allelopathic effects. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the chemical profile and evaluate the herbicide potential of your leaves in the germination of seeds and growth of seedlings of Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato) and Senna obtusifolia (sicklepod), both in vitro and in greenhouse. Leaves of A. humile were obtained from 20 matrices of Cerrado fragments in the municipality of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. A voucher specimen was deposited at the herbarium (no. 8448). The aqueous extract was obtained from dried and crushed leaves using the extraction method of ultrasonic bath (30 min) with subsequent static maceration. After solvent evaporation, 12.78 g of extract were obtained. The chemical profile of the aqueous extract included determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, pH, electrical conductivity, and soluble solids concentration. For the in vitro bioassays, the extract was used at different concentrations, namely, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg mL-1. In greenhouse, the substrates were prepared using 950 g of vermiculite and 50 g of A. humile leaf powder at the following ratios: (950/50) (5%), 900/100 (10%), 800/200 (20%), and a control (100% vermiculite), under a completely randomized experimental design. Phenolic compounds and anthraquinones were predominant in the chemical profile of the extract, which presented different levels of allelopathic effect on seed germination and seedling growth of plants both in germination chamber and in greenhouse, indicating strong allelopathic activity associated with the different compounds found in the leaves. Therefore, the results showed germination and growth inhibition at different levels, indicating that the substances contained in the leaves of Anacardium humile may be a promising alternative for the control of invasive species.

Wheat straw placement effects on total phenolic compounds in soil and corn seedling growth

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Opoku ◽  
T. J. Vyn ◽  
R. P. Voroney
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Key Words Wheat ◽  
Sampling Times

The effects of placement of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw on the release of phenolic compounds potentially phytotoxic to corn (Zea mays L.) seedling growth were examined in plastic pots under controlled conditions in growth cabinets. The treatments were soil only (control), soil with straw only in the top 2.5 cm, and soil with mixed straw. Each of these treatments was either sown or not sown with corn. Corn radicle length and seedling biomass were significantly reduced, relative to other treatments, when wheat straw was present only in the top layer of soil. Water extracts from soil with surface straw had higher amounts of total phenolic compounds than the other treatments at each of the sampling times. The concentration of phenolic compounds increased with time, with average amounts at 14 and 28 d being 53 and 77%, respectively, of the concentration at 42 d. The presence of corn reduced the amount of phenolic compounds at 14 and 42 d compared with when corn was absent (P = 0.01). Water extracts prepared from soil after 42 d from all the treatments were used to investigate germination of corn seeds. Germination of corn seeds and radicle extension were inhibited by water extracts from all the above soils at 42 d compared with the control (deionized water). Coleoptile length was inhibited when concentration of phenolic compounds exceeded 10 ppm. Soil NO3-N differences among the treatments were insignificant at the various sampling times. This indicated that the observed corn growth differences were mainly due to the presence of phenolic compounds. Key words: Wheat (winter), straw replacement, phenolic acids, seedling, allelopathy

Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Petkova ◽  
Manol Ognyanov ◽  
Blaga Inyutin ◽  
Petar Zhelev ◽  
Panteley Denev
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Frap Assay ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Malus Baccata

Crab apple (Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.) was mainly distributed in Europe as an ornamental plant, but the nutritional properties of its edible fruits were not fully revealed. The aim of the current study was to characterize the phytochemical composition of ripen carb apple fruits and to evaluate their nutritional and antioxidant potentials. The fruits were assayed for moisture and ash content, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, titratable acidity (TA), pH, total phenolic compounds and natural pigments. Among the analyzed carbohydrates cellulose was found in the highest content (6% dw), followed by sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and 1.8 % dw uronic acids. The total chlorophylls and carotenoids contents in their fruits were 6.51 and 4.80 μg/g fw, respectively. Total monomeric anthocyanins were not detected. The highest content of total phenolic compounds (2.67 mg GAE/g fw) was found in 95 % ethanol extract from fruits, while the total flavonoids were relatively low – 0.1 mg QE/g fw. DPPH assay (17.27 mM TE/g fw) and FRAP assay (14.34 mM TE/g fw) demonstrated in vitro antioxidant activities of crabapple. Malus baccata fruits were evaluated as a rich source of dietary fibers and phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant potential that could be used in human nutrition.

scholarly journals Effects of exogenous silicon on maize seed germination and seedling growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yankun Sun ◽  
Jiaqi Xu ◽  
Xiangyang Miao ◽  
Xuesong Lin ◽  
Wanzhen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Antioxidant Defence System

AbstractAs the global population continues to increase, global food production needs to double by 2050 to meet the demand. Given the current status of the not expansion of cultivated land area, agronomic seedlings are complete, well-formed and strong, which is the basis of high crop yields. The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of seed germination and seedling growth in response to silicon (from water-soluble Si fertilizer). The effects of Si on the maize germination, seedling growth, chlorophyll contents, osmoprotectant contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, non-enzymatic antioxidant contents and stomatal characteristics were studied by soaking Xianyu 335 in solutions of different concentrations of Si (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 g·L−1). In this study, Si treatments significantly increased the seed germination and per-plant dry weight of seedlings (P < 0.05), and the optimal concentration was 15 g·L−1. As a result of the Si treatment of the seeds, the chlorophyll content, osmotic material accumulation and antioxidant defence system activity increased, reducing membrane system damage, reactive oxygen species contents, and stomatal aperture. The results suggested that 15 g·L−1 Si significantly stimulated seed germination and promoted the growth of maize seedlings, laying a solid foundation for subsequent maize growth.

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