scholarly journals C-reactive protein inhibits adiponectin gene expression and secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

2007 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyue Yuan ◽  
Xia Chen ◽  
Qinyun Ma ◽  
Jie Qiao ◽  
Rongying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Adiponectin Gene ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Adiponectin Mrna ◽  
Reporter Assays

C-reactive protein (CRP) is considered as one of the most sensitive markers of inflammation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of CRP on the production of adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Northern and western blot analysis revealed that CRP treatment inhibited adiponectin mRNA expression and secretion in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Co-incubation of adipocytes with rosiglitazone and CRP decreased induction of adiponectin gene expression by rosiglitazone. However, luciferase reporter assays did not show that CRP affected the activity of ~2.1 kb adiponectin gene promoter, which was increased by rosiglitazone alone. Pharmacological inhibition of phosphatidylinositol (PI)-3 kinase by LY294002 partially reversed inhibition of adiponectin gene expression by CRP. These results collectively suggest that CRP suppresses adiponectin gene expression partially through the PI-3 kinase pathway, and that decreased production of adiponectin might represent a mechanism by which CRP regulates insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals Pentraxin 3: A Novel Biomarker for Inflammatory Cardiovascular Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Inoue ◽  
Tatsuhiko Kodama ◽  
Hiroyuki Daida
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Pentraxin 3 ◽  
Human Endothelial Cells ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Physiological Concentration ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Human Genes

Numerous studies have recently examined the role of pentraxin 3 (PTX3) in clinical situations. The pentraxin family includes C-reactive protein (CRP); however, unlike CRP, PTX3 is expressed predominantly in atherosclerotic lesions that involve macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, or smooth muscle cells. Interestingly, PTX3 gene expression in human endothelial cells is suppressed to a greater extent by pitavastatin than the expression of 6,000 other human genes that have been examined, suggesting that PTX3 may be a novel biomarker for inflammatory cardiovascular disease. The expression and involvement of PTX3 in cardiovascular diseases are discussed in this paper, along with the characteristics of PTX3 that make it a suitable biomarker; namely, that the physiological concentration is known and it is independent of other risk factors. The results discussed in this paper suggest that further investigations into the potential novel use of PTX3 as a biomarker for inflammatory cardiovascular disease should be undertaken.

scholarly journals Molecular Cloning and Functional Characterization of Three 5-HT Receptor Genes (HTR1B, HTR1E and HTR1F) in Chickens

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Caiyun Sun ◽  
Yang Qiu ◽  
Qin Ren ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Baolong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Serotonin Signaling ◽  
Reporter Assays

The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) signaling system is involved in a variety of physiological functions, including the control of cognition, reward, learning, memory, and vasoconstriction in vertebrates. Contrary to the extensive studies in the mammalian system, little is known about the molecular characteristics of the avian serotonin signaling network. In this study, we cloned and characterized the full-length cDNA of three serotonin receptor genes (HTR1B, HTR1E and HTR1F) in chicken pituitaries. Synteny analyses indicated that HTR1B, HTR1E and HTR1F were highly conserved across vertebrates. Cell-based luciferase reporter assays showed that the three chicken HTRs were functional, capable of binding their natural ligands (5-HT) or selective agonists (CP94253, BRL54443, and LY344864) and inhibiting intracellular cAMP production in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, activation of these receptors could stimulate the MAPK/ERK signaling cascade. Quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that HTR1B, HTR1E and HTR1F were primarily expressed in various brain regions and the pituitary. In cultured chicken pituitary cells, we found that LY344864 could significantly inhibit the secretion of PRL stimulated by vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) or forskolin, revealing that HTR1F might be involved in the release of prolactin in chicken. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism and facilitate a better understanding of the serotonergic modulation via HTR1B, HTR1E and HTR1F in avian species.

scholarly journals Fecal Calprotectin, CRP and Leucocytes in IBD Patients: Comparison of Biomarkers With Biopsy Results

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry D Kyle ◽  
Terence A Agbor ◽  
Shajib Sharif ◽  
Usha Chauhan ◽  
John Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Fecal Calprotectin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Descending Colon ◽  
Active Inflammation

Abstract Background This study aimed to compare fecal calprotectin (FC) levels with other commonly used parameters as part of patient care during evaluation for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods We recruited adult IBD patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) and compared the results of the patient’s biopsy results (i.e., inflamed versus noninflamed) for six sites (i.e., ileum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum) with concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), total leucocytes and fecal calprotectin (FC). Results We found that FC was significantly elevated in a concentration-dependent manner that correlated with the number of active inflammation sites reported in biopsy. Although CRP and leucocyte measurements trended upwards in line with inflammation reported from biopsy, the results were highly variable and highlighted poor reliability of these biomarkers for indicating IBD inflammation. Conclusions These results strongly suggest that FC correlates best with biopsy reports and is a superior marker than CRP and leucocytes.

scholarly journals The nuclear factor κB inhibitor (E)-2-fluoro-4′-methoxystilbene inhibits firefly luciferase

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Braeuning ◽  
Silvia Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Photon Emission ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Firefly Luciferase ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Reporter System ◽  
Reporter Assays

Photinus pyralis (firefly) luciferase is widely used as a reporter system to monitor alterations in gene promoter and/or signalling pathway activities in vitro. The enzyme catalyses the formation of oxyluciferin from D-luciferin in an ATP-consuming reaction involving photon emission. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the luciferase-inhibiting potential of (E)-2-fluoro-4′-methoxystilbene, which is known as a potent inhibitor of the NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) signalling pathway that is used to modulate the NF-κB signalling pathway in vitro. Results show that (E)-2-fluoro-4′-methoxystilbene effectively inhibits firefly luciferase activity in cell lysates and living cells in a non-competitive manner with respect to the luciferase substrates D-luciferin and ATP. By contrast, the compound has no effect on Renilla and Gaussia luciferases. The mechanism of firefly luciferase inhibition by (E)-2-fluoro-4′-methoxystilbene, as well as its potency is comparable to its structure analogue resveratrol. The in vitro use of trans-stilbenes such as (E)-2-fluoro-4′-methoxystilbene or resveratrol compromises firefly luciferase reporter assays as well as ATP/luciferase-based cell viability assays.

639 RISK OF PROSTATE CANCER IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH LEVELS OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND OTHER COMMONLY USED MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Hemelrijck M.J.J. Van ◽  
I. Jugner ◽  
G. Walldius ◽  
H. Garmo ◽  
E. Binda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

MO477SERUM C-REACTIVE PROTEIN AND PROCALCITONIN LEVELS IN HEMODIALYSIS AND INTRADIALYTIC ALTERATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Makrouhi Sonikian ◽  
Aggeliki Barbatsi ◽  
Eugenia Karakou ◽  
Theodoros Chiras ◽  
Jacob Skarakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Polysulfone Membrane ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Dialysate Flow Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serum Crp

Abstract Introduction C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) are widely used as markers of inflammation and infection in general population and in chronic hemodialysis (HD) as well. However, in dialysis (D) patients, serum CRP and PCT levels may be elevated even in the absence of inflammatory or infectious disease and diagnostic process is a challenge in such cases. We studied HD patients' laboratory profile concerning CRP and PCT. Subjects and Methods We studied 25 stable HD patients, M/F=22/3, aged 68(44-89) years, dialyzed thrice weekly for 55(6-274) months with a dialysate flow rate of 700 ml/min, with a residual daily diuresis less than 200 ml, Kt/V values of 1,44±0,3 and no signs of infection. Patients were classified in two groups. Group A included 10 patients on pre-dilution online hemodiafiltration (HDF). Group B consisted of 15 patients on conventional HD with low-flux polysulfone membrane. Twenty healthy subjects formed a control group C. Serum CRP and PCT levels were measured in duplicate in A and B groups before and at the end of mid-week dialysis sessions and also in C group. Results Pre-D serum CRP values in the total of patients were higher than those in healthy controls (10,89±19,29 vs 2,54±1,28 mg/L-p=0,004). Compared with group C, pre-D CRP values were higher only in B group (15,98±24,54 mg/L-p=0,001) but not in A group (4,09±3,33 mg/L-p=NS). There was a significant difference in pre-D serum CRP values between A and B groups (p=0,028). At the end of D session serum CRP values showed a tendency to increase in both groups A (5,16±4,81 mg/L) and B (17,00±27,00 mg/L) but differences were not significant. Pre-D serum PCT values in the total of patients were higher than those in healthy controls (0,82±0,9 vs 0,29±0,55 ng/ml-p<0,001). Compared with group C, pre-D PCT values were higher in both A group (0,52±0,15 ng/ml-p<0,001) and B group (1,01±1,13 ng/ml-p=0,006). There was no significant difference in pre-D serum PCT values between A and B groups (p=0,261). At the end of D session serum PCT values decreased in A group (0,32±0,11 ng/ml-p<0,001) and increased in B group (1,12±1,21 ng/ml-p=0,014). Conclusions In patients on both conventional low-flux HD and online HDF pre-D serum CRP and PCT levels were higher than those in healthy subjects. Dialysis modality and membrane flux did not affect post-D serum CRP values, but post-PCT values decreased in online HDF. PCT usefulness might be limited in dialysis with high-flux membranes. Cut-off values have to be established for both markers to eliminate confusion in diagnosis of inflammatory and infectious diseases in hemodialyzed patients.

scholarly journals MULTISYSTEM INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME IN CHILDREN: DIAGNOSTIC MARKERS AND FEATURES OF PHARMACOTHERAPY

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
M.V. Кhaitovych ◽  
L.M. Voroniuk ◽  
G.Yu. Borisova ◽  
N.V. Diudenko ◽  
N.M. Miagka
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
The United States ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Laboratory Markers ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Relevance. In 2020, children were hospitalized with fever and multisystem inflammation throughout the world during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the United States, this condition is called MIS-C (Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children). This syndrome is thought to be similar to the severe course of COVID-19 in adults (cytokine storm). The objective of the work is to evaluate the features of the course and pharmacotherapy of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Materials and methods. The study included 17 children (10 boys and 7 girls) aged 3-16 years (on average – 9.5±3.4 years). Diagnosis of coronavirus infection was performed by polymerase chain reaction with real-time detection, determined the level of immunoglobulins M and G before coronavirus infection. Results. The duration of fever in patients was 5-21 days (average 8.1±4.0 days), the duration of inpatient treatment – 7-35 days (average 15.7±7.0 days). Blood albumin levels were reduced in 53.8% of children; the level of fibrinogen was increased in 88.2% of children, the level of C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimer – in all patients. 15 (88.2%) children had pathology of the digestive system, 13 (76.5%) – cardiovascular system (7 children were diagnosed with carditis, 2 – dilation of coronary arteries, 7 – cardiac arrhythmia). Acute respiratory distress -syndrome was found in a 13-year-old girl, shock - in an 11-year-old boy, 11 children (64.7%) were diagnosed with the pathology of the respiratory system (pleurisy, pneumonia), skin and mucous membranes, and 4 children (23.5%) there were manifestations of central nervous system disorders (meningism, decreased reflexes, ataxia), in 2 (11.8%) – renal failure. On average, each patient had lesions of 3.9 ±1.2 systems. Conclusions. MIS-C was manifested by prolonged fever, high levels of laboratory markers of inflammation, hypoalbuminemia, hypercoagulation, often – pathological manifestations of the cardiovascular, digestive, respiratory systems, skin, and mucous membranes. The treatment included intravenous immunoglobulin, steroids, anticoagulant, and antibacterial therapy and was effective.

scholarly journals Epigenomic landscape of enhancer elements during Hydra head organizer formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puli Chandramouli Reddy ◽  
Akhila Gungi ◽  
Suyog Ubhe ◽  
Sanjeev Galande
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
The Body ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Chromatin Architecture ◽  
Ectopic Activation

Abstract Background Axis patterning during development is accompanied by large-scale gene expression changes. These are brought about by changes in the histone modifications leading to dynamic alterations in chromatin architecture. The cis regulatory DNA elements also play an important role towards modulating gene expression in a context-dependent manner. Hydra belongs to the phylum Cnidaria where the first asymmetry in the body plan was observed and the oral-aboral axis originated. Wnt signaling has been shown to determine the head organizer function in the basal metazoan Hydra. Results To gain insights into the evolution of cis regulatory elements and associated chromatin signatures, we ectopically activated the Wnt signaling pathway in Hydra and monitored the genome-wide alterations in key histone modifications. Motif analysis of putative intergenic enhancer elements from Hydra revealed the conservation of bilaterian cis regulatory elements that play critical roles in development. Differentially regulated enhancer elements were identified upon ectopic activation of Wnt signaling and found to regulate many head organizer specific genes. Enhancer activity of many of the identified cis regulatory elements was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis upon activation of Wnt signaling further confirmed the enrichment of H3K27ac on the enhancer elements of Hv_Wnt5a, Hv_Wnt11 and head organizer genes Hv_Bra1, CnGsc and Hv_Pitx1. Additionally, perturbation of the putative H3K27me3 eraser activity using a specific inhibitor affected the ectopic activation of Wnt signaling indicating the importance of the dynamic changes in the H3K27 modifications towards regulation of the genes involved in the head organizer activity. Conclusions The activation-associated histone marks H3K4me3, H3K27ac and H3K9ac mark chromatin in a similar manner as seen in bilaterians. We identified intergenic cis regulatory elements which harbor sites for key transcription factors involved in developmental processes. Differentially regulated enhancers exhibited motifs for many zinc-finger, T-box and ETS related TFs whose homologs have a head specific expression in Hydra and could be a part of the pioneer TF network in the patterning of the head. The ability to differentially modify the H3K27 residue is critical for the patterning of Hydra axis revealing a dynamic acetylation/methylation switch to regulate gene expression and chromatin architecture.

C-reactive protein and inflammation: conformational changes affect function

2015 ◽  
Vol 396 (11) ◽  
pp. 1181-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Wu ◽  
Lawrence A. Potempa ◽  
Driss El Kebir ◽  
János G. Filep
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Acute Phase Reactant ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Microenvironment ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Phase Reactant

Abstract The prototypic acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP) has long been recognized as a useful marker and gauge of inflammation. CRP also plays an important role in host defense against invading pathogens as well as in inflammation. CRP consists of five identical subunits arranged as a cyclic pentamer. CRP exists in at least two conformationally distinct forms, i.e. native pentameric CRP (pCRP) and modified/monomeric CRP (mCRP). These isoforms bind to distinct receptors and lipid rafts, and exhibit distinct functional properties. Dissociation of pCRP into its subunits occurs within the inflammatory microenvironment and newly formed mCRP may then contribute to localizing the inflammatory response. Accumulating evidence indicates that pCRP possesses both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions in a context-dependent manner, whereas mCRP exerts potent pro-inflammatory actions on endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, leukocytes and platelets, and thus may amplify inflammation. Here, we review recent advances that may explain how conformational changes in CRP contribute to shaping the inflammatory response and discuss CRP isomers as potential therapeutic targets to dampen inflammation.

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