ACUTE EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC PORCINE CALCITONINS ON THE RENAL EXCRETION OF MAGNESIUM, INORGANIC PHOSPHATE, SODIUM AND POTASSIUM

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PORS NIELSEN ◽  
B. BUCHANAN-LEE ◽  
E. W. MATTHEWS ◽  
J. M. MOSELEY ◽  
C. C. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Performic Acid ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Magnesium Excretion ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

SUMMARY Synthetic porcine calcitonin (α-calcitonin) and its methionine-sulphoxide derivative (β-calcitonin) were given by intravenous infusion to conscious male rats. α-Calcitonin inactivated by performic acid oxidation was used as a control. Microgram doses of α-calcitonin produced a dose-dependent decrease in the renal excretion of magnesium. The effect was not due to a secondary release of parathyroid hormone since it was also seen in parathyroidectomized animals. A marked increase in the renal excretion of inorganic phosphate, sodium and potassium preceded the change in magnesium excretion in parathyroidectomized rats. It is concluded that the phosphaturia and natriuresis previously described after administration of extracted calcitonin preparations are true effects of the hormone. The effect of β-calcitonin was indistinguishable from that of α-calcitonin.

scholarly journals Birthweight Depression in Male Rats Contiguous to Male Siblings in Utero Exposed to High Doses of 1,3-Butanediol during Organogenesis

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Mankes ◽  
V. Renak ◽  
J. Fieseher ◽  
R. Lefevre
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Fetal Repair ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Embryotoxic Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

The embryotoxic effects of high doses of the narcotizing ethanol dimer 1,3-butanediol were evaluated in pregnant Long-Evans rats during the “critical period” of organogenesis. Butanediol was given by gavage at levels of 0,7060,4236, or 706 mg/kg per day (24,14.4, or 2.4% of the acute oral LD50 value for rats). Maternal sedation was observed at 7060 and 4236 mg/kg, but feed consumptions and maternal body weights were unaffected. Butanediol caused a significant, dose-dependent decrease in offspring birthweights. At the highest butanediol dose, birthweights were preferentially and significantly decreased in male pups not contiguous in utero to female siblings. Other group I1 offspring were not affected and did not differ significantly from controls. As butanediol was given prior to the period of greatest fetal growth and fetal sex steroidogenests, it is concluded that intra-uterine levels of female sex steroids (estradiol) enhance fetal repair of cellular damage (restitution ad integrum), whereas testosterone inhibits fetal repair or exacerbates previous embryonic damage by some unknown mechanism. Such interaction furthers the concept that intrauterine position affects the endpoints of developmental toxicity, as expressed at partuition.

Evaluating the Proposed Mechanism by Which Atorvastatin Can Protect Renal Tissue against Contrast Media: An Animal study

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-84
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Media Group

Contrast- induced nephropathy (CIN) is an elevation of serum creatinine of ≥ 0.5 mg/dL from baseline after two to three days of exposure to contrast substance if there is no other cause for acute kidney injury. Atorvastatin may protect normal kidney physiology from contrast- induced kidney injury by effects unrelated to hypolipidemia termed pleiotropic effect by decline of endothelin production, angiotensin system down regulation, and under expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. This study was conducted to assess the strategy by which atorvastatin can achieve protective effect for kidneys after exposure to contrast media in an animal model. A 40 male rats were distributed randomly into 4 groups; ten rats for each: group (1): given normal saline; group (2): CIN group given iopromide as contrast media; group (3): given atorvastatin (20mg/kg) and iopromide; and group (4): given atorvastatin (40mg/kg) and iopromide. Blood collected by cardiac puncture for detection of serum glutathione, malondialdehyde, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and interleukin-18. The results have shown a significant increase in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in contrast media group, and significant reduction in these markers in atorvastatin treated groups, in a dose-dependent manner. As conclusion, atorvastatin mechanism for protection against CIN in a dose-dependent manner can mediate by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

Evaluation of diuretic and antioxidant properties in aqueous bark and fruit extracts of pine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadi Shariati ◽  
Mohammad Hassanpour ◽  
Gholamreza Sharifzadeh ◽  
Asghar Zarban ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The present study has been carried out to evaluate the diuretic and antioxidant properties of pine herb in an animal model. Materials and Methods: 45 adult male rats were randomly divided into nine groups including: groups I (the negative control), groups II (positive control, furosemide 10 mg/kg), groups III to VIII (treatment groups received 100, 200, 400 mg/kg of the aqueous extracts of bark and fruit) and group IX received the combination of aqueous extract of bark (100 mg/kg) and the fruit (100 mg/kg). The urine output, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), electrolytes, urea, and creatinine levels were evaluated . Furthermore, the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of both extracts were also assessed using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Folin–Ciocalteu methods. Results: The aqueous extracts of the pine bark and fruit increased the urinary output in a dose-dependent manner. The combination of the two extracts compared to the other extracts alone significantly increased the serum potassium level. This study also showed each extract increase creatinine clearance in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.01 and p<0.05). The increase of GFR in the combination group was not significant. The current data showed a significant increase in the total phenolic content in pine bark extract in compared with the fruit extract. Conclusion: The pine bark and fruit can be useful in the prevention and treatment of kidney stones due to the high antioxidant activity.

Insulin secretion and substrate homeostasis in prolonged hypothermia in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. R1035-R1040
Author(s):  
R. Hoo-Paris ◽  
M. L. Jourdan ◽  
L. C. Wang ◽  
R. Rajotte
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Metabolic Substrate ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent

In hypothermia, impairment of metabolic substrate mobilization and utilization may be a factor limiting survival. By use of a newly developed technique, substrate profiles and their regulation by insulin were examined in hypothermic rats (body temperature 19 degrees C) over 24 h. Plasma glucose concentrations increased to approximately 300 mg/dl during cooling and remained high throughout the period of hypothermia. Free fatty acid (FFA) concentration was not altered during cooling or during the first 10 h of hypothermia (approximately 700 mu eq/l) but progressively decreased thereafter, reaching 420 mu eq/l by 20 h. Plasma insulin decreased dramatically during cooling and remained very low (9 +/- 2 microU/ml) during the whole period of hypothermia, reflecting the suppression of insulin secretion by isolated islets at low temperatures. To test he hypothesis that suppression of endogenous insulin secretion may hamper glucose utilization and thus limit survival in hypothermia, exogenous insulin was administered. At doses of 0.1, 0.5, and 1 U/kg intravenously, insulin slowly decreased plasma glucose and FFA. However, at 0.1 and 1 U/kg intraperitoneally, insulin resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in survival time in the hypothermic rat. It is possible that the antilipolytic effect of insulin may have outweighed any beneficial effect of improving glucose utilization in hypothermia.

scholarly journals A Reversible Shift of Driver Dependence from EGFR to Notch1 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer as a Cause of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2022
Author(s):  
Francesca Iommelli ◽  
Viviana De Rosa ◽  
Cristina Terlizzi ◽  
Rosa Fonti ◽  
Rosa Camerlingo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Parental Cell ◽  
Egfr Inhibitors ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent

Notch1 plays a key role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and in the maintenance of cancer stem cells. In the present study we tested whether high levels of activated Notch1 in oncogene-driven NSCLC can induce a reversible shift of driver dependence from EGFR to Notch1, and thus causing resistance to EGFR inhibitors. Adherent cells (parental) and tumor spheres (TS) from NSCLC H1975 cells and patient-derived CD133-positive cells were tested for EGFR and Notch1 signaling cascade. The Notch1-dependent modulation of EGFR, NCID, Hes1, p53, and Sp1 were then analyzed in parental cells by binding assays with a Notch1 agonist, DLL4. TS were more resistant than parental cells to EGFR inhibitors. A strong upregulation of Notch1 and a concomitant downregulation of EGFR were observed in TS compared to parental cells. Parental cell exposure to DLL4 showed a dose-dependent decrease of EGFR and a simultaneous increase of NCID, Hes1, p53, and Sp1, along with the dislocation of Sp1 from the EGFR promoter. Furthermore, an enhanced interaction between p53 and Sp1 was observed in TS. In NSCLC cells, high levels of active Notch1 can promote a reversible shift of driver dependence from EGFR to Notch1, leading to resistance to EGFR inhibitors.

Serotonin stimulates GH secretion through a direct pituitary action: studies in hypophysectomized autografted animals and in perifused pituitaries

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. López ◽  
D. Gónzalez ◽  
E. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Kidney Capsule ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Significant Release ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract. To analyze a possible direct action of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) at pituitary level in GH secretion, two experimental models were used: hypophysectomized autografted rats and perifused pituitaries. Adult male rats were hypophysectomized and their own pituitaries placed under the right kidney capsule. Ten days later an intra-atrial cannula was inserted. The next day, blood samples were obtained before and every 10 min during a 2 h period after the injection of saline or 5-hydroxytryptamin (1 or 2 mg/kg iv). Plasma volume was replaced with saline. Both doses of 5-hydroxytryptamine elicit a strong release of GH, the effect being dose-dependent. In pituitaries perifused with 5-hydroxytryptamine (100 μm during 115 min or 1, 10 and 100 μm during 15 min), a significant release of GH was also observed. These results suggested that 5-hydroxytryptamine may stimulate GH secretion through a direct pituitary action.

Increased Urinary Excretion of Carnitine and Acylcarnitine by Mercuric Chloride Is Reversed by 2,3-Dimercapto-1-Propanesulfonic Acid in Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Waleed A. Al-Madani ◽  
Nikhat J. Siddiqi ◽  
Abdullah S. Alhomida ◽  
Haseeb A. Khan ◽  
Ibrahim A. Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Free Carnitine ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Total Carnitine ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Wistar Male Rats

This investigation was aimed to study the effect of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS) on mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced alterations in urinary excretion of various carnitine fractions including free carnitine (FC), acylcarnitine (AC), and total carnitine (TC). Different groups of Wistar male rats were treated with HgCl2 at the doses of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg/kg body weight, and the animals were sacrificed at 24 hours following HgCl2 injection. A separate batch of animals received HgCl2 (2 mg/kg) with or without DMPS (100 mg/kg) and sacrificed at 24 or 48 hours after dosing. Administration of HgCl2 resulted in statistically significant and dose-dependent increase in the urinary excretion of FC, AC, and TC in rats. However, the ratio of urinary AC:FC was significantly decreased by HgCl2. Pretreatment with DMPS offered statistically significant protection against HgCl2-induced alterations in various urinary carnitine fractions in rats.

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