Patterns of LH and FSH in men during high-frequency blood sampling

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Scheele ◽  
C. B. Lambalk ◽  
J. Schoemaker ◽  
H. van Kessel ◽  
J. de Koning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Rubber Stopper ◽  
Heparinized Saline ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that in serial determinations of concentrations of LH and FSH involving blood samples taken every minute, the observed pulses of LH and FSH which last less than 3–4 min might not be a physiological phenomenon but part of the 'noise' of the radioimmunoassay or blood-sampling technique. Blood was sampled every minute for a period of 90 min in six men. During the first 45 min, blood was sampled by means of vacuum tubes only. During the second 45 min, sampling took place with a syringe via a rubber stopper, either using a tourniquet (n = 3) or flushing the cannula with heparinized saline. Three criteria were used to identify variations in the patterns of LH and FSH as true hormonal changes. First, a threshold was used which had to be exceeded by the difference between nadir and maximum values before a pulse could be identified. An average of approximately six pulses per 90 min was found in both the LH and FSH series. The majority of these pulses lasted less than 3–4 min. In two subjects, larger LH pulses of longer duration were measured. Secondly, differences between duplicate measurements of nadir and/or maximum values of more than one-third of the amplitude of a pulse were considered unacceptable. This involved about 75% of the pulses. Thirdly, the reproducibility of the hormone variations was estimated. In one subject, concentrations of LH were measured four times in four separate assays. Measurement of FSH concentrations in this subject and of LH and FSH in the samples from the other five subjects were repeated once again, but only in those parts of the series of samples which had shown hormone variations beyond the threshold composed of acceptable duplicate measurements. Only the larger variations of longer duration, as found earlier in two of the LH series, were reproducible. The different blood-sampling techniques used had no significant influence on the frequency of pulses. It was concluded that a rapid, small amplitude, pulsatile pattern of release of LH and FSH is probably not present in men or is obscured by limitations of current techniques of radioimmunoassay. J. Endocr. (1987) 114, 153–160

Perpendicular distance sampling: an alternative method for sampling downed coarse woody debris

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1564-1579 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Williams ◽  
J H Gove
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Distance Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Unequal Probability ◽  
Perpendicular Distance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Primary Advantage

Coarse woody debris (CWD) plays an important role in many forest ecosystem processes. In recent years, a number of new methods have been proposed to sample CWD. These methods select individual logs into the sample using some form of unequal probability sampling. One concern with most of these methods is the difficulty in estimating the volume of each log. A new method of sampling CWD that addresses this issue is proposed. This method samples each log with probability proportional to the volume of each piece of CWD. While this method generally has a smaller variance than the existing methods, the primary advantage is that a design-unbiased estimator of CWD volume is achieved without ever actually measuring the volume of any logs. This method, referred to as perpendicular distance sampling (PDS), is compared with three existing sampling techniques for CWD using a simulation study on a series of artificial populations. In every case, the variance of the PDS estimator of CWD volume was smaller than the variance of the competing methods, but the difference in the variance was not large between PDS and two of the competing methods. When estimating the number of pieces of CWD, the variance of the PDS estimator was one of the largest amongst the tested methods. An equally important result is that the variant of line intersect sampling used in this study, where the orientation of the line is the same at all sample points, performed poorly in every situation. This and other problems suggest that the suitability of this sampling technique for estimating CWD is questionable.

Comparison of In-the-Ear and Over-the-Ear Hearing Aid Fittings

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M. Risberg ◽  
Robyn M. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Hearing Aid Fitting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Functional Gain ◽  
The Relationship

A custom in-the-ear (ITE) hearing aid fitting was compared to two over-the-ear (OTE) hearing aid fittings for each of 9 subjects with mild to moderately severe hearing losses. Speech intelligibility via the three instruments was compared using the Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) test. The relationship between functional gain and coupler gain was compared for the ITE and the higher rated OTE instruments. The difference in input received at the microphone locations of the two types of hearing aids was measured for 10 different subjects and compared to the functional gain data. It was concluded that (a) for persons with mild to moderately severe hearing losses, appropriately adjusted custom ITE fittings typically yield speech intelligibility that is equal to the better OTE fitting identified in a comparative evaluation; and (b) gain prescriptions for ITE hearing aids should be adjusted to account for the high-frequency emphasis associated with in-the-concha microphone placement.

Clara Ng: A Brief Journey of A Remarkable Female for Our Time

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Publishing Industry ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
External Audit ◽  
Narrative Approaches ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Interviewing Techniques

This work examines what it has been and continues to be like for Clara Ng to be a home mother and an author in the publishing industry. Our exploration uses qualitative methods of narrative approaches in the form of biographical studies. Participants as data sources were selected using a purposive sampling technique which was collected based on retrospective interviewing techniques and then checked for validity and reliability using external audit. It gained that Clara Ng is a remarkable female whose synthesizes the difference between home mother and author’s career in the publishing industry. She did not seek fame nor did she seek self aggrandizement, her whole life was one of service to humanity, an indefatigable work ethic, and humility. Clara Ng’s journey offers insights offers examples of many ways in which home mothers can, and should, work to improve the career opportunities available to those who follow in their footsteps.

HOW DOES THE STORE (MALL) ENVIRONMENT AND MONEY AVAILABILITY AFFECT CONSUMER IMPULSE BUYING BEHAVIOR AT SURABAYA CITY OF TOMORROW SHOPPING CENTER?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendra Hendra ◽  
Thomas Stefanus Kaihatu
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Impulse Buying ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The City ◽  
Buying In

This study aims to determine the effect of store (mall) environment and money availability on consumer impulse buying in the City of Tomorrow (Cito) Surabaya. This study uses a quantitative approach whose data is obtained from the results of questionnaires. The sample in this study were 389 respondents taken based on purposive sampling technique which was included in non-probability sampling techniques. The results of this study indicate that the store (mall) environment has no effect on impulse buying. Meanwhile, money availability has a positive and significant effect on consumer impulse buying in the City of Tomorrow (Cito) Surabaya.

scholarly journals Identification of Efficient Sampling Techniques for Probabilistic Voltage Stability Analysis of Renewable-Rich Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2328
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alzubaidi ◽  
Kazi N. Hasan ◽  
Lasantha Meegahapola ◽  
Mir Toufikur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Quasi Monte Carlo ◽  
Efficient Sampling

This paper presents a comparative analysis of six sampling techniques to identify an efficient and accurate sampling technique to be applied to probabilistic voltage stability assessment in large-scale power systems. In this study, six different sampling techniques are investigated and compared to each other in terms of their accuracy and efficiency, including Monte Carlo (MC), three versions of Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC), i.e., Sobol, Halton, and Latin Hypercube, Markov Chain MC (MCMC), and importance sampling (IS) technique, to evaluate their suitability for application with probabilistic voltage stability analysis in large-scale uncertain power systems. The coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) are calculated to measure the accuracy and the efficiency of the sampling techniques compared to each other. All the six sampling techniques provide more than 99% accuracy by producing a large number of wind speed random samples (8760 samples). In terms of efficiency, on the other hand, the three versions of QMC are the most efficient sampling techniques, providing more than 96% accuracy with only a small number of generated samples (150 samples) compared to other techniques.

scholarly journals Educational Video Improves Knowledge about Outpatients’ Usage of Antibiotics in Two Public Hospitals in Indonesia

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Fauna Herawati ◽  
Rika Yulia ◽  
Bustanul Arifin ◽  
Ikhwan Frasetyo ◽  
Setiasih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Educational Video ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

The inappropriate use or misuse of antibiotics, particularly by outpatients, increases antibiotic resistance. A lack of public knowledge about “Responsible use of antibiotics” and “How to obtain antibiotics” is a major cause of this. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educational video about antibiotics and antibiotic use to increase outpatients’ knowledge shown in two public hospitals in East Java, Indonesia. A quasi-experimental research setting was used with a one-group pre-test—post-test design, carried out from November 2018 to January 2019. The study population consisted of outpatients to whom antibiotics were prescribed. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling technique; 98 outpatients at MZ General Hospital in the S regency and 96 at SG General Hospital in the L regency were included. A questionnaire was used to measure the respondents’ knowledge, and consisted of five domains, i.e., the definition of infections and antibiotics, obtaining the antibiotics, directions for use, storage instructions, and antibiotic resistance. The knowledge test score was the total score of the Guttman scale (a dichotomous “yes” or “no” answer). To determine the significance of the difference in knowledge before and after providing the educational video and in the knowledge score between hospitals, the (paired) Student’s t-test was applied. The educational videos significantly improved outpatients’ knowledge, which increased by 41% in MZ General Hospital, and by 42% in SG General Hospital. It was concluded that an educational video provides a useful method to improve the knowledge of the outpatients regarding antibiotics.

scholarly journals Hyperfine structure in the arc spectrum of cæsium and nuclear rotation

1928 ◽  
Vol 121 (787) ◽  
pp. 432-447 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperfine Structure ◽  
Nuclear Spin ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Principal Series ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Nuclear Rotation ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mechanical Moment ◽  
Very High

The arc spectrum of cæsium was investigated with the object of finding whether any of its lines possessed hyperfine structure, resulting from a nuclear magnetic moment, due to a quantised nuclear spin. The lines belonging to the principal series should, owing to the greater degree of penetration of the electron in the (1 s or 6 1 ) orbit, and the correspondingly greater interaction, show the greatest effect. The lines of the principal series are very easily broadened if the vapour pressure of the metal becomes high, so that great care had to be used in obtaining the spectrum of cæsium at a sufficiently low temperature. The most satisfactory method of excitation was found to be the application by means of external electrodes of a very high frequency alternating current to a tube filled with helium at about 2 mm. pressure containing a small quantity of cæsium. The tube required slight heating to bring out the cæsium lines; without this the helium spectrum was very much stronger than the metallic spectrum. At a very low vapour pressures of cæsium the discharge was blue in colour. Under these conditions the lines of the principal series showed no broadening greater than that due to thermal agitation, but at a slightly higher temperature the colour of the discharge became purple and the lines broadened. The lines belonging to the principal series were found to be very close doublets with very nearly constant frequencies differences. A theory is worked out which explains the origin of these doublets, assuming a nuclear spin of one half quantum; by correlating the difference in the separation of the hyperfine structure doublets in the 1 s — m 2 p 3/2 lines and the 1 s — m 2 p 1/2 lines, it is shown that a ratio of the magnetic to the mechanical moment of the nucleus about twice as great as the corresponding ratio for the electron would account for the observed frequency differences. The spectral notation used throughout is that of Hund. The results are compared with those found for the hyperfine structure of some of the bismuth lines by Back and Goudsmid, and are found to be in satisfactory agreement. A selection principle is found which applies both to the bismuth and the cæsium spectrum.

High-frequency seismic noise as a function of depth

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1114
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Carter ◽  
Noel Barstow ◽  
Paul W. Pomeroy ◽  
Eric P. Chael ◽  
Patrick J. Leahy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Seismic Noise ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Time Variability ◽  
Orthogonal Components ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Frequency Coherence ◽  
Cultural Noise ◽  
Natural Wind

Abstract Evidence is presented supporting the view that high-frequency seismic noise decreases with increased depth. Noise amplitudes are higher near the free surface where surface-wave noise, cultural noise, and natural (wind-induced) noise predominate. Data were gathered at a hard-rock site in the northwestern Adirondack lowlands of northern New York. Between 15- and 40-Hz noise levels at this site are more than 10 dB less at 945-m depth than they are at the surface, and from 40 to 100 Hz the difference is more than 20 dB. In addition, time variability of the spectra is shown to be greater at the surface than at either 335- or 945-m depths. Part of the difference between the surface and subsurface noise variability may be related to wind-induced noise. Coherency measurements between orthogonal components of motion show high-frequency seismic noise is more highly organized at the surface than it is at depth. Coherency measurements between the same component of motion at different vertical offsets show a strong low-frequency coherence at least up to 945-m vertical offsets. As the vertical offset decreases, the frequency band of high coherence increases.

PENGARUH BUERGER ALLEN EXERCISE TERHADAP NILAI ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
Pratiwi Christa Simarmata ◽  
Sari Desi Esta Ulina Sitepu ◽  
Abdi Lestari Sitepu ◽  
Ruttama Hutauruk ◽  
Rita Ayu Butar-butar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of the endocrine system characterized by increased levels of glucose in the blood. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of Buerger's Allen exercise on the value of the ankle brachial index (ABI) in patients with diabetes mellitus. The research design was a quasi-experimental pretest and posttest without a control. The study was conducted from March to May 2021 at Grandmed Lubuk Pakam Hospital with 48 respondents, with consecutive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The Buergers Allen exercise intervention was performed twice a day, for three weeks. The procedure is performed by lifting the lower extremities up at an angle of 45-90 degrees for 2-3 minutes, then the patient sits at the bedside with the legs hanging down, accompanied by flexion, extension, pronation and supination movements for 5-10 minutes, and the patient lies down. with both feet resting for 10 minutes. There was a significant effect between the mean ABI value before intervention 0.83 and after intervention 0.95, p=0.00. The difference in mean ABI p=0.000, p<0.05. The results of the study concluded that there was an effect of buerger allen exercise on the ABI value before and after the intervention where the ABI value was getting better. It is recommended for nurses to make Buergers Allen exercise one of the independent nursing interventions in providing nursing care to patients with diabetes mellitus.

The effects of pH on force and stiffness development in mouse muscles

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1798-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Renaud ◽  
R. B. Stein ◽  
T. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Average Force ◽  
Cross Bridge ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Cross Bridges

Changes in force and stiffness during contractions of mouse extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles were measured over a range of extracellular pH from 6.4 to 7.4. Muscle stiffness was measured using small amplitude (<0.1% of muscle length), high frequency (1.5 kHz) oscillations in length. Twitch force was not significantly affected by changes in pH, but the peak force during repetitive stimulation (2, 3, and 20 pulses) was decreased significantly as the pH was reduced. Changes in muscle stiffness with pH were in the same direction, but smaller in extent. If the number of attached cross-bridges in the muscle can be determined from the measurement of small amplitude, high frequency muscle stiffness, then these findings suggest that (a) the number of cross-bridges between thick and thin filaments declines in low pH and (b) the average force per cross-bridge also declines in low pH. The decline in force per cross-bridge could arise from a reduction in the ability of cross-bridges to generate force during their state of active force production and (or) in an increased percentage of bonds in a low force, "rigor" state.

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