“SOCIOLINGUISTIC PROCESSES IN MODERN KYRGYZSTAN: MONITORING AND DYNAMICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGES AFTER GAINING INDEPENDENCE”

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Alymjan Zakirov ◽  
◽  
Ilyas Tashtemirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Unemployed People ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Functional Load ◽  
Immigration Process ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article highlights monitoring and dynamics of language development in post-soviet Kyrgyzstan. The crucial politico-social changes after the collapse of the USSR affected greatly the language situation of the country. Hence, this article’s aim is to give some sociolinguistic analysis to the following issues: • To monitor country’s up-to date language situation • To speak on the new language policy of Kyrgyzstan in modern stage • To encounter new socio-economic and political challenges in the process of language lawmaking • To define the interrelationships between dominant languages and vernaculars of minority communities This article also explains the reasons of granting Russian language the status of Lingua Franca, immediately after Kyrgyzstan’s becoming an independent state. One of the acute problems today is corpus planning, which means codification of newly coined or borrowed words. The flow of new terminology from the other languages, especially “Americanisms” and “Englishisisms” which replaced so-called “Sovietisms”, needs to be standardized according to the linguistic norms of state (Kyrgyz) language. The article also reveals “hierarchical” disposition of main languages due to their functional load in 20 domains of Kyrgyzstan. For the last 28 years’ tremendous changes have happened in language space of Kyrgyzstan, directly touching upon the positions of Kyrgyz, Russian, Uzbek, English, Turkish and other languages. Therefore, language system of Kyrgyzstan nowadays presents complex, intertwined interrelations between all nationalities residing in Kyrgyzstan and language cooperation among them. It happened because of some socio-political reasons: 1) The flow of Russian speaking population from industrial areas to the Russian Federation. 2) Changing demographic situation on the country. 3) Inner immigration process when many unemployed people from the distant regions came to Bishkek and Chui valley to find job possibilities.

scholarly journals Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism in Ukraine: Inside and outside perception

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-53
Author(s):  
Svitlana Sokolova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Functional Load ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Everyday Communication ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
State Language

This article examines the main approaches to the study of Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism in Ukraine in research of Ukrainian and foreign scholars. Though Ukrainian and Russian are language codes represented by a large number of speakers, due to cognation and diffuse nature of bilingualism the number of communicative deviations between members of different language com- munities is quite low. Language situation after reestablishing Ukraine’s independence in 1991 shows a shift in status of the two languages towards Ukrainian. Nevertheless, strong support of the status of Russian from the Russian Federation cannot be excluded alongside a postcolonial mentality factor which complicates the already difficult process of nationalizing the Ukrainian language. Fragmentation of information, varying degrees of reliability and non-compliance with the historical approach, the difference in views on the function of the state language in Ukraine and Russia and minor errors in information about Ukraine may cause a distortion of the ob jective picture in one’s research. All this brings up an idea of adjusting the functional load of languages in Ukraine towards strengthening the position of the Russian language. At the same time, comprehensive studying of the language situation in Ukraine enables the most objective evaluation of the bilingual situation placing it under different parameters and tracing its dynamics in or der to determine the features of regional bilingualism. Keywords: bilingualism, native language, Ukrainian language, Russian language, language of everyday communication, functional load of languages, language situation.

scholarly journals Language Policy of the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Vesna Kosmajac ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Language Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
State Language

This paper presents a sociolinguistic analysis of the current linguistic situation in the Russian Federation. Preservation and development of the Russian language represents the national interest of the state. The Russian language has the status of a state language, but, given the large number of ethnic groups living on the territory of Russia, it must not jeopardise other national languages, as this could lead to inter-ethnic conflicts. Some of the key issues Russia is currently facing in this field are: the process of globalisation, the uncontrolled penetration of anglicisms into the Russian language, the adverse impact of the Internet and social networks on literacy, especially with the younger population. All valid rules of the Russian orthography are, in fact, prescribed by the Government of The Russian Federation. Laws regulating the area of language policy are the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Law on the Languages of the Peoples of the Russian Federation, and the Law on the State Language of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals FORMATION OF LEGAL MECHANISM OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND INTEGRATION OF FOREIGN CITIZENS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
A. S. Pavlowski
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Mechanism

The article describes process of legal mechanism formation of social and cultural adaptation and integration of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation. In spite of the fact that from the moment of Soviet Union disintegration Russian Federation is a country with the largest immigration inflow. Russian migration legislation doesn’t have concepts "adaptation" and "integration" of foreign citizens for more than 20 years. In 2015 the Federal Agency for Ethnic Affairs was opened. It received the status of federal executive authority responsible for development and realization of state policy in the area of adaptation and integration. The first legislative measures directed to sociocultural adaptation of foreign citizens are analyzed. It is noted that the target audience of adaptation and integration is still not defined legislatively. Events held in territorial subjects of the Russian Federation cover various categories of foreign citizens and as a rule this is studying of Russian language, Russian history and legislation principles. The author proves that specified measures aren't enough for full inclusion of foreign citizens in the Russian society. The probability of social exclusion and formation of isolationist installations for foreigners is still high. Specified factors’ overcoming is obviously possible only thanks to the fullest realization of social rights of foreign citizens, first of all rights on housing and education. Legal mechanism of social and cultural adaptation and integration has to create conditions for realization of their social and cultural rights within the unified centers of adaptation and integration. High-quality implementation of this idea demands broad attraction of foreign citizens, non-profit organizations and also volunteers.

scholarly journals Psycholinguistic and linguoculturological aspects of carrying out exam for the status of native speaker of the Russian language for foreign citizens and stateless persons

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Darya Nikolaevna Polyarush ◽  
Elena Anatolevna Chelak
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Cultural Worldview ◽  
National Values ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Language

The subject of this research is psycholinguistic and linguoculturological aspects of the procedures carrying out an exam for the status of “Russian native speaker”. Relevance of this work is substantiated by the need to develop a unified strategy for commissioners in decision-making procedure of recognition of foreign citizens in all regions of the Russian Federation. The research objective is to accelerate unification of the procedure by specifying the requirements for the status of “Russian native speaker”. In substantiation of the term that has descriptive character and is not codified in reference literature, emphasis is placed on the notional, content-related component. An attempt is made to set a requirement that the tasks must correspond to the content of modern representations on history, culture and national values. The examples of tasks with high though-provoking potential that can demonstrate the commonality of cultural and axiological worldview with the Russian society among the applicants for the status of “Russian native speaker”. The examples of practical application of such types of tasks by the authors of this article in terms of sitting of the commission on designation of the status of “Russian native speaker” to foreign citizens or stateless persons in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug –Yugra. The novelty lies in consideration of the concept from the perspective of axiology. The article is first to raise the question on correspondence of not only the level of command of grammatical rules of the language, but also the level of congeniality of the content of answers to the cultural worldview of the Russian society. This research authors can serve as the materials for formation of tasks in all regions of the Russian Federation, and help the applicants to prepare for the procedure.

scholarly journals Internationalization of Education: La Peau de Сhagrin of the Russian Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
R. M. Petruneva ◽  
L. F. Belyakova ◽  
T. L. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Status ◽  
Internationalization Of Education ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Universities ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Central Asia Region

The article examines the processes of internationalization, provides information on the number of foreign students in various countries and in Russia, discusses the arguments for choosing the country for study by international students, including socio-cultural and linguistic preferences. The authors address the issues relating to the status of the Russian language in countries of the Central Asia region – the former republics of the Soviet Union. The article provides an information on the expansion of Western and Eastern countries into the educational system of these countries. The conclusion is made about the need for Russian universities to more actively enter the international market of educational services, especially in those areas where the Russian Federation has undeniable achievements (natural science fields of training, etc.).

Language as a Factor in the New Identity Formation (Illustrated by Central Asian States)

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Tetiana Liashenko
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Languages ◽  
The Russian Language

Attempts to build a “Russian world” within the former Soviet republics of Central Asia by introducing an idea of a single linguistic, cultural and political space with the Russian Federation are studied in the article. The threats to the Central Asian countries’ information space are analyzed. The data on gradual changing of orientations of the Central Asian states’ citizens when choosing sources of information is provided. It is concluded that the technologies of the Russian Federation’s propaganda in Central Asia are aimed primarily at the formation of the president of Russia positive image among the widest possible groups of population. Attempts to push so-called “the Russian world”, which already jeopardize global peaceful balance, are grounded, in particular, on a widespread use of the Russian language within the territories of the former USSR that serves to propagate an idea of a single linguistic, cultural and political space. At the same time, a revival and development of national languages and cultures are intensively ongoing in all new independent states. It provokes a confrontation that often causes points of tension and conflicts. A large number of the Russian media, including federal state editions, TV channels. the Sputnik news agency etc. operates in Central Asian information space. Using own controlled media, the Kremlin seeks to convince the Central Asian states’ citizens that the Russia’s foreign policy is a right one, as well as to form a positive image of Russia and president Putin as a politician who is capable to ensure stability and security in the Central Asian region. The Russian Federation pays a special attention to Eastern Kazakhstan, where a large number of ethnic Russians is concentrated. Kazakhstan has much in common with Ukraine on its ethnic population composition, economic situation and geographical proximity to Russia. As in Ukraine, the ethnic Russians make up about 1/5 of the population in Kazakhstan, meanwhile the Russian language is widely used in all spheres. Russia calls its initiative a “humanitarian project”, but there is no doubt that the Kremlin is fighting for minds of younger generation, trying to impose own culture and values on young people. Recently, while alternative sources of information have been spreading, more and more Central Asian habitants opt for online information in their national languages, considering Russianspeaking news resources to be a propaganda.

РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК – ЯЗЫК ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В КГМА

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
Г. Кульбаева
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Main Motivation ◽  
Language Functioning ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Medical Academy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Language

Аннотация. В статье рассматривается вопрос о функционировании русского языка в образовательном пространстве КГМА. Большое место в работе занимает роль русского языка в учебной деятельности студентов-медиков. Мотивацией к изучению именно, русского языка являются следующие факторы: статус официального языка; возможность привлечь внимание широкого круга специалистов к своим исследованиям; понимание престижности русского языка. В статье нашли отражение различные формы работы по расширению сферы использования русского языка в медицинской академии. В работе уделено внимание и профильным учебным пособиям, разработанным автором статьи. Анализ некоторых заданий позволяет констатировать тот факт, что содержание пособии определено через компетенции, одной из которых является языковая. Ключевые слова:язык обучения, фундаментальные науки, соматические ФЕ, компетентностная основа, профессиональная направленность, жаргонная лексика. Аннотация. Макалада КММАнын билим берүү мейкиндеги орус тилин өздөштүү маселеси каралат. Орус тили студент-медиктердин окуу ишмердигинде чоң роль ойнойт. Расмий тил статусу, өз изилдөөлөрүнө көпчүлүк адистердин көңүлүн буруу мүмкүнчүлүгү, орус тилинин баркын түшүнүү, өзгөчөлөп билүүгө далил болуп эсептелет. Макалада медициналык академияда орус тили колдонуу чөйрөсүн кеңейтүү боюнча иштөөнү ар кандай формалары көрсөтүлгөн. Эмгекте макаланын автору иштеп чыккан адистик окуу колдонмолорго да көңул бурулган. Кээ бир тапшырмалардын анализи колдонмонун мазмуну компетенция, анын бирөөсү тил аркылуу аныкталганын факт катары көрсөтүүгө мүмкүндүк түзөт. Түйүндүү сөздөр: фундаменталдык илимдер, соматикалык фразеологизмдер, компетенттик негиз, профессионалдык багытталыш, жаргондук лексика. Summary. The article discusses the Russian language functioning in the of the KSMA’s educational space. Russian language plays a big role in the educational activity of the medical students. The main motivation of learning the Russian language has the following points: the status of the official language; the opportunity to attract the attention of a wide range of specialists to their research; understanding of the prestige of the Russian language. The article reflected various forms of work to expand the scope of the use of the Russian language at the medical academy. The work focuses on specialized textbooks developed by the author of the article. An analysis of some tasks allows us to state the fact that the content of the manual is determined through competencies, one of which is the language. Key words: teaching language, fundamental sciences, somatic phraseological unit, slang vocabulary.

The Certainty of the Legal Status of Court Secretary and Court Clerk in Federal Courts

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
E. V. Gerasenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Federal Courts ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Additional Qualification ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation

Employees of the federal courts' apparatus, in accordance with the current regulations, are public civil servants. In practice and in existing scientific research there is an approach to determining the legal status of this category of public servants through their duties, without specifying the specific requirements for candidates for the position to be filled. The purpose of this study is to define additional qualification requirements to be imposed on the applicant for the position of State Civil Service «Court Secretary» in court, in addition to those contained in the Federal Law «On State Civil Service of the Russian Federation» and orders of the Judicial Department of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The tasks of this work are to study the theoretical foundations of the concept of «status of a State civil servant », to compare federal legislation, decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, decisions and other acts of ministries and departments in the field of the State civil service in the apparatus of federal courts; Justification for the need to include in the status of a public servant serving in the court apparatus additional requirements for the level of education. The methodological basis of the present study was the general scientific methods such as analogy, derivation, system analysis, as well as the private scientific methods: formal-logical, technical-legal and comparativelegal in their various combinations. The study concluded that it was necessary to distinguish the status of federal court staff according to the level of education required to replace a public civil service post, in particular the «Registrar of the Court».

CONSTITUTIONALISM AND AMENDMENTS TO THE BASIC LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2020: POLITICAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
O.A. SIDENKO ◽  
◽  
D.V. SOSUNOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Existence Of Value ◽  
Transitional Constitutionalism ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to reveal the contradictions of the Russian transitional constitutionalism of the 2020 model as perceived by experts. It is achieved by presenting a palette of experts' views on the phenomenon of constitutionalism, expert assessments of the impact of the 2020 constitutional reform on constitutional principles, the distance between citizens and authorities, as well as expert opinions on the existence of value consolidation between the state and civil society in modern Russia. It is extremely important that the constitutional amendments, contributing to adaptation to changing realities, remain within the framework of the system of constitutionalism. There is no relevant developed methodology for political and legal assessment in the Russian-language scientific literature. The research group, having resorted to an expert survey, proposed their own version. The results obtained indicate not only the importance of value connotations in the perception of constitutionalism by experts, the weakening of all groups of constitutional principles (negative assessments prevail over positive ones), the manipulative nature of the process, but also a potential increase in the distance between the governors and the governed. Nevertheless, the threshold values that could indicate the interpretation of constitutional novels by experts as leading to going beyond the framework of constitutionalism are not identified. Since the project is pilot and generalizations are based on expert estimates, the conclusions are debatable.

The Crisis of the Ryukyus (1877–82)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Sze-lok Leung ◽  
Anthony Carty
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Independent State ◽  
The People ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Historical Viewpoint

Okinawa is now considered as Japanese territory, without challenge from most world powers. However, this is debatable from a historical viewpoint. The Ryukyu Kingdom which dominated the islands was integrated into Japan in 1879. The transformation is seen by Wang Hui as a process of modernization. This chapter argues the issue from an international law perspective. It shows that Ryukyu was an independent State as demonstrated by the 1854 Ryukyu–US Treaty, although it sent regular tributes to China. The Japanese integration by coercion is not justifiable. The people of Ryukyu were willing to continue being a tributary State rather than part of Japan. Britain, as the greatest colonial power, did not object. China and the US attempted to intervene in this affair, but no treaty has so far been concluded. Therefore, the status of Ryukyu/Okinawa remains unresolved and may need to be revisited, while putting the history context into consideration.

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