scholarly journals Biotechnological bases of use of natural mineral glauconite in soil-forming processes at development of technogenic massifs and liquidation of enterprises on extraction of minerals

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Наталья Щербакова ◽  
Заур Хапцев ◽  
Андрей Захаревич ◽  
Сергей Вениг ◽  
Виктор Сержантов
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Pseudomonas Aureofaciens ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Soil Forming Processes

To initiate the process of soil formation, it is necessary to introduce a culture of microorganisms capable of improving mineral nutrition, plant growth and resistance to adverse factors, regardless of the mineralogical composition of the surface. The advantage of the developed methods is the multifunctionality of the sorbent, which is an abiotic catalyst: the dangerous agent binds physically due to the formed fine-porous structure, and chemically due to the ion exchange processes occurring due to the nature of the layered glauconite silicate. The viability of immobilized glauconite bacterial cells of Agrobacterium radiobacter 204, Rhizobium leguminosarumbiovartrifolii, Flaviobacterium L 30 fulvum, Pseudomonas aureofaciens 1393 BS, amounted to no less than 4 months., while the original biological products are stored no more than 1 month. Key words: glauconite, sorbent, sorption capacity, heavy metals, microorganisms, immobilization on inorganic carriers.

scholarly journals The Improved Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals and the Growth of Trifolium repens L.: The Role of K2HEDP and Plant Growth Regulators Alone and in Combination

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2432
Author(s):  
Anna Makarova ◽  
Elena Nikulina ◽  
Tatiana Avdeenkova ◽  
Ksenia Pishaeva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Iron Chelates ◽  
Iron Chelate ◽  
Trifolium Repens L

Heavy metals are among the most widespread pollutants in soil. Phytoextraction technology is used to solve the problem of multi-metal-contaminated soil. The efficiency of this process can be increased by introducing various amendments. A soil amendment is any material added to a soil to improve its physical properties, such as water retention, permeability, water infiltration, drainage, aeration, and structure. Some chemical amendments for enhanced phytoextraction, such as amino polycarboxylates chelators, can be hazardous to the environment and perform poorly at pH > 8. The effect of the potassium salt of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (K2HEDP), plant growth regulators (PGRs), and iron chelate alone and in combination on the phytoextraction by Trifolium repens L. seedlings of Cd, Ni, and Cu was studied in this work. K2HEDP works in a wider pH range. The results of this study confirmed that amino polycarboxylate chelators, with the sodium salt of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (Na2EDTA) as an example, have a pronounced negative effect on the growth and development (organ mass) of Trifolium repens L. seedlings. K2HEDP, proposed by the authors instead of Na2EDTA, produced a pronounced positive effect on plant growth and development, which was further enhanced by the use of PGRs and with iron chelates. However, it should be noted that K2HEDP showed significantly lower efficiency in trials on the Trifolium repens L. seedlings. The highest was the efficiency of K2HEDP with PGRs and iron chelates for the phytoextraction of Cd.

scholarly journals SELECTIVE "STAINING" FOR ELECTRON MICROGRAPHY

1942 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Mudd ◽  
Thomas F. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Differential Staining ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Selective Staining ◽  
Electron Micrography ◽  
Chemical Effects ◽  
Microchemical Analysis ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Selective Chemical

The physical basis of contrast and image formation in electron micrography is considered in relation to the possibility of recording selective chemical effects on cell components. A technology of selective microchemical analysis, equivalent to differential staining, is suggested as practicable in electron micrography. Electron pictures of bacteria after exposure to salts of heavy metals have shown the bacterial inner protoplasm, but not the cell walls, to be selectively darkened; shrinkage, coagulation, or escape of protoplasm from the injured cells may result and be recorded in the electron micrographs. Recording of the action of germicidal agents on individual bacterial cells is indicated as one promising field of application of microchemical analysis with the aid of the electron microscope.

scholarly journals Soil Formation, Subaerial Sedimentation Processes and Ancient Cultures during MIS 2 and the Deglaciation Phase MIS 1 in the Baikal–Yenisei Siberia (Russia)

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Galina Vorobieva ◽  
Nadezhda Vashukevich ◽  
Natalia Berdnikova ◽  
Ivan Berdnikov ◽  
Dmitry Zolotarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Initial Profile ◽  
Formation Type ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
Soil Forming Processes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sedimentation Processes ◽  
Humus Horizons

The time of Sartan glaciation in the Baikal–Yenisei Siberia, is comparable with that of MIS 2 and the deglaciation phase MIS 1. Loess loams, aeolian–colluvial sands and sandy loams represent subaerial sediments. There are four subhorizons (sr1, sr2, sr3 and sr4) in the Sartan horizon (sr). Sedimentary and soil-forming processes at different stratigraphic levels are considered. Differing soil formation types of cold periods are distinguished. Soils of the interstadial type with the A-C profile are represented only in the Early Sartan section of this paper. The soils of the pleniglacial type are discussed throughout the section. Their initial profile is O-C, TJ-C and W-C. Plant detritus remnants or poor thin humus horizons are preserved in places from the upper horizons. We propose for the first time for the interphasial soil formation type of cold stages to be distinguished. This is represented in the sections by the preserved BCm, BCg, Cm and Cg horizons of 15–20 cm thick. The upper horizons are absent in most sections. According to the surviving fragments, these were organogenous (O, TJ and T) and organomineral (AO and W) horizons. The sedimentation and soil formation features are considered from the perspective reconstruction of the Sartan natural and climatic conditions. Buried Sartan soils often contain cultural layers. Soil formation shows a well-defined periodicity of natural condition stabilization, which allowed ancient populations to adapt actively to various situations. Archaeologists’ interest in fossil soils is based on the ability of soils to “record” information about the natural and climatic conditions of human habitation.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Indole Acetic Acid and Exopolysaccharides-Producing Bacillus safensis Strain FN13 for Inducing Cd-Stress Tolerance and Plant Growth Promotion in Brassica juncea (L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4160
Author(s):  
Farheen Nazli ◽  
Xiukang Wang ◽  
Maqshoof Ahmad ◽  
Azhar Hussain ◽  
Bushra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Effective Strain ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Bacillus Safensis

Untreated wastewater used for irrigating crops is the major source of toxic heavy metals and other pollutants in soils. These heavy metals affect plant growth and deteriorate the quality of edible parts of growing plants. Phytohormone (IAA) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) producing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can reduce the toxicity of metals by stabilizing them in soil. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the IAA and EPS-producing rhizobacterial strains for improving growth, physiology, and antioxidant activity of Brassica juncea (L.) under Cd-stress. Results showed that Cd-stress significantly decreased the growth and physiological parameters of mustard plants. Inoculation with Cd-tolerant, IAA and EPS-producing rhizobacterial strains, however, significantly retrieved the inhibitory effects of Cd-stress on mustard growth, and physiology by up regulating antioxidant enzyme activities. Higher Cd accumulation and proline content was observed in the roots and shoot tissues upon Cd-stress in mustard plants while reduced proline and Cd accumulation was recorded upon rhizobacterial strains inoculation. Maximum decrease in proline contents (12.4%) and Cd concentration in root (26.9%) and shoot (29%) in comparison to control plants was observed due to inoculation with Bacillus safensis strain FN13. The activity of antioxidant enzymes was increased due to Cd-stress; however, the inoculation with Cd-tolerant, IAA-producing rhizobacterial strains showed a non-significant impact in the case of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) in Brassica juncea (L.) plants under Cd-stress. Overall, Bacillus safensis strain FN13 was the most effective strain in improving the Brassica juncea (L.) growth and physiology under Cd-stress. It can be concluded, as the strain FN13 is a potential phytostabilizing biofertilizer for heavy metal contaminated soils, that it can be recommended to induce Cd-stress tolerance in crop plants.

scholarly journals Physico-chemical variability and heavy metal pollution of surface sediment in a non-channeled section of Dilúvio Stream (Southern Brazil) and the influence of channeled section in sediment pollution

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Alexandre Sodrzeieski ◽  
Leonardo Capeleto de Andrade ◽  
Tales Tiecher ◽  
Flávio Anastácio de Oliveira Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Sediment Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
The Impact

Dilúvio Stream flows through an area with a great population density in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil. The anthropogenic influence in the surroundings impacted negatively the quality of the sediments of Dilúvio Stream and Lake Guaíba. This study evaluated the physico-chemical variability of surface sediments in a non-channeled section of Dilúvio Stream. Additionally, we compared the concentration of several heavy metals in this section with data from previous studies in the margins of Lake Guaíba near the outflow of Dilúvio Stream in order to evaluate the impact of urbanization on sediment pollution. The pH, bulk density, particle-size distribution, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, assimilable phosphorus, total nitrogen, mineralogical composition (X-ray diffractogram) and pseudo total concentration of several metals (Fe, Al, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Mn, Ba, Zn, V, As, Pb, Cu, Cr, Co, Ni, Cd, Mo, and Se) were evaluated. The results showed that the sediments in the non-channeled section of Dilúvio Stream are predominantly sandy, with heavy metal contents below the quality reference values. Quartz and feldspar predominated in all sites. The concentration of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, and Ni were lower than that observed in the margins of Lake Guaíba near the outflow of Dilúvio Stream, possibly due to pollution input throughout the channeled section. The Dilúvio Stream shows indications of an anthropogenic influence in the heavy metals concentration through the channeled area.

scholarly journals Genome Sequencing of Pantoea agglomerans C1 Provides Insights into Molecular and Genetic Mechanisms of Plant Growth-Promotion and Tolerance to Heavy Metals

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Luziatelli ◽  
Anna Grazia Ficca ◽  
Mariateresa Cardarelli ◽  
Francesca Melini ◽  
Andrea Cavalieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Pantoea Agglomerans ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Circular Chromosome ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms

Distinctive strains of Pantoea are used as soil inoculants for their ability to promote plant growth. Pantoea agglomerans strain C1, previously isolated from the phyllosphere of lettuce, can produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), solubilize phosphate, and inhibit plant pathogens, such as Erwinia amylovora. In this paper, the complete genome sequence of strain C1 is reported. In addition, experimental evidence is provided on how the strain tolerates arsenate As (V) up to 100 mM, and on how secreted metabolites like IAA and siderophores act as biostimulants in tomato cuttings. The strain has a circular chromosome and two prophages for a total genome of 4,846,925-bp, with a DNA G+C content of 55.2%. Genes related to plant growth promotion and biocontrol activity, such as those associated with IAA and spermidine synthesis, solubilization of inorganic phosphate, acquisition of ferrous iron, and production of volatile organic compounds, siderophores and GABA, were found in the genome of strain C1. Genome analysis also provided better understanding of the mechanisms underlying strain resistance to multiple toxic heavy metals and transmission of these genes by horizontal gene transfer. Findings suggested that strain C1 exhibits high biotechnological potential as plant growth-promoting bacterium in heavy metal polluted soils.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of groundwaters in the Hornsund region, southern Spitsbergen

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Olichwer ◽  
Robert Tarka ◽  
Magdalena Modelska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Deep Groundwater ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Groundwater Circulation ◽  
Initial Chemical Composition ◽  
The University ◽  
Intermediate System

Chemical composition of groundwaters was investigated in the region of the Hornsund fjord (southern Spitsbergen). The investigations were conducted during polar expeditions organized by the University of Wroclaw in two summer seasons of 2003 and 2006. Three zones of groundwater circulation: suprapermafrost, intrapermafrost and subpermafrost, were identified in areas of perennial permafrost in the region of Hornsund. The zone of shallow circulation occurs in non-glaciated (suprapermafrost) and subglacial areas. In this zone, the chemical composition of groundwater originates from initial chemical composition of precipitation, mineralogical composition of bedrock, oxidation of sulphides and dissolution of carbonates. The intermediate system of circulation is connected with water flow inside and below perennial permafrost (intrapermafrost and subpermafrost). In this zone, the chemical composition of groundwater is mainly controlled by dissolution of carbonates, ion exchange processes involving Ca2+ substitution by Na+, and oxidation of sulphides under oxygen-depleted conditions. The subpermafrost zone (deep groundwater circulation) occurs in deep-tectonic fractures, which are likely conduits for the descent of shallow groundwater to deeper depths. In this zone, the groundwater shows lower mineralization comparing to intrapermafrost zone and has a multi-ion nature Cl–HCO3–Na-Ca–Mg.

Effect of Heavy Metals on Plant Growth: An Overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-101
Author(s):  
Deepika Goyal ◽  
Arti Yadav ◽  
Mrinalini Prasad ◽  
Teg Bahadur Singh ◽  
Preksha Shrivastav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth

scholarly journals Molecular Insight Into Key Eco-Physiological Process in Bioremediating and Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhrangshu Mandal ◽  
Kunal Kumar Saha ◽  
Narayan Chandra Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Genetic Landscape ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Legal Constraints

Over the past few decades, the massive increase in anthropogenic activity and industrialization processes has increased new pollutants in the environment. The effects of such toxic components (heavy metals, pesticides, etc.) in our ecosystem vary significantly and are of significant public health and economic concern. Because of this, environmental consciousness is increasing amongst consumers and industrialists, and legal constraints on emissions are becoming progressively stricter; for the ultimate aim is to achieve cost-effective emission control. Fortunately, certain taxonomically and phylogenetically diverse microorganisms (e.g., sulfur oxidizing/reducing bacteria) are endowed with the capability to remediate such undesired components from diverse habitats and have diverse plant-growth-promoting abilities (auxin and siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, etc.). However, the quirk of fate for pollutant and plant-growth-promoting microbiome research is that, even with an early start, genetic knowledge on these systems is still considered to be in its infancy due to the unavailability of in-depth functional genomics and population dynamics data from various ecosystems. This knowledge gap can be breached if we have adequate information concerning their genetic make-up, so that we can use them in a targeted manner or with considerable operational flexibility in the agricultural sector. Amended understanding regarding the genetic basis of potential microbes involved in such processes has led to the establishment of novel or advanced bioremediation technologies (such as the detoxification efficiency of heavy metals), which will further our understanding of the genomic/genetic landscape in these potential organisms. Our review aimed to unravel the hidden genomic basis and eco-physiological properties of such potent bacteria and their interaction with plants from various ecosystems.

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