scholarly journals Rice (Oryza sativa) Bran and Soybean (Glycine max) Meal: Unconventional Supplements in the Mead Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geiza Suzart Araújo ◽  
Gislane Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Sílvia Maria Almeida de Souza ◽  
Gervásio Paulo da Silva ◽  
Giovani Brandão Mafra de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
No Production ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Saccharomyces Bayanus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Lactic Acids

Research background. Due to the lack of nitrogen in honey, the fermentation may be limited or delayed, in addition to stimulating the production of unpleasant sensory compounds, such as sulfur derivatives. The use of natural supplements has been investigated as low-cost alternatives for mainly correcting the nutritional deficiency of nitrogen in honey must in mead production. Experimental approach. Initially, the physicochemical characterization of the extracts was carried out. The fermentative performance of three yeasts [Saccharomyces bayanus Premier Blanc (SbPB), Saccharomyces cerevisiae Montrachet (ScM) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Safbrew T-58 (ScST58)] in honey musts supplemented with rice bran (RBE) and soybean meal (SME) extracts was evaluated. The trials were compared with the fermentations of musts with commercial supplement (CS) and the control trials. Fermentations were carried out in Erlenmeyer flasks containing honey must supplemented with RBE, SME and CS (30 g/L), inoculated with 106 cells/mL and incubated at 30 °C for 264 h. Results and conclusions. There was significant difference in the evaluated properties of the extracts, with the exception of reducing sugars. The fermentations with SME reached the highest cell concentrations, as well as the largest sugar consumption of glucose and fructose and ethanol. The glycerol concentrations slightly increased when SME and CS were used. The largest concentrations of succinic and acetic acids were registered in the control trials produced by SbPB, ScM and ScST58. There was no production of formic and lactic acids. Results showed that the extracts can be used as low-cost alternatives for correcting the nutritional deficiency of nitrogen in honey must since they presented results similar to the synthetic supplement. Novelty and scientific contribution. The use of low-cost, unconventional supplements such as those used in this work, in addition to reducing the cost of the process by reducing fermentation time by providing nutrients needed to improve yeast metabolism, prevents the formation of compounds undesirable in the beverage due to prolonged fermentation time. It also makes it possible to add value to industrial by-products. Unconventional supplements have still been little tested in mead production.

scholarly journals The Production of Bioethanol from Rimau Gerga Lebong (Rgl) Orange Waste as an Alternative Energy

2018 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Vike Darliyasi ◽  
Kurnia Herlina Dewi ◽  
Budiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orange Waste

Bioethanol from Rimau Gerga Lebong (RGL) orange waste is one of the solution to overcome fuel oil problem. The aim of this research is to get the type of microorganisms and fermentation time that produce the highest ethanol from RGL orange waste. The research method used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) of two factors, namely type of microorganisms (Trichoderma viride, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Trichoderma viride + Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and fermentation time (3 days, 5 days, and 7 days. Within the three type of microorganisms with variations of fermentation time showed that the pH was able to carry out the fermentation process smoothly. The highest total dissolved solids were in the type of Trichoderma viride 3 days and 5 days, and the type of mix of microorganisms on the 3rd day. The highest ethanol content is in the type of Sachharomyces cerevisiae for 7 days. ANOVA result showed that the interaction between two treatments on the total dissolved solids experienced significant differences, so it continue with the DMRT test at a significant level of 0.5%. However, it is different from the results of ANOVA on ethanol content which showed that there were significant differences between ethanol content and types of microorganisms, but there was no significant difference on fermentation time

scholarly journals Why USB-endoscope laryngoscopy is as effective as video laryngoscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. E55-59
Author(s):  
Meliha Findik ◽  
Afsin E. Kayipmaz ◽  
Cemil Kavalci ◽  
Tugce Sencelikel Sencelikel ◽  
Murat Muratoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Laryngoscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Video Laryngoscope ◽  
Video Laryngoscopy ◽  
Intubation Time ◽  
Direct Laryngoscope ◽  
Correct Placement ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of a low-cost custom-made universal serial bus (USB) endoscope laryngoscope for intubation with a direct laryngoscope and a high-cost video laryngoscope in a mannequin study. Methods: We used one intubation simulator model (mannequin) in our study. A USB endoscope was mounted to the direct laryngoscope as a custom-made USB endoscope laryngoscope (USB-L). We used a video laryngoscope (Glidescope®, Verathon, USA) and a direct laryngoscope (Macintosh) for comparison. Intubation time and the correct placement of the tube were measured. Intubations were performed by two operators and results were compared. Results: We found a statistically significant difference between the video and direct laryngoscope groups (p < 0.001), as well as between the USB-L and direct laryngoscope groups (p = 0.001) for Operator 1. For Operator 2, there was a statistically significant difference between the video laryngoscope group and the direct laryngoscope group (p = 0.022); however, we did not find a significant difference between the USB-L group and the direct laryngoscope group (p = 0.154). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the USB-L and video laryngoscope groups for either operator (p=0.347 for Operator 1 and p>0.999 for Operator 2). Conclusion: Our study showed that USB endoscope laryngoscope provided similar intubation time to video laryngoscopy at a fraction of the cost; and both had superior times in comparison with direct laryngoscopy.

Farmers’ attitude towards the use of earthworms as a protein feed source for village chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
B. Gunya ◽  
E.M. Idamokoro ◽  
M. Aliber
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Village Chicken ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Protein Feed

Village chicken production in South Africa is hampered by the cost of providing quality protein in their diets. The low-cost rearing of certain types of earthworms is a possible solution to this challenge; however, it is unclear whether farmers are amenable to such a solution. This study was conducted to evaluate the attitudes of village chicken farmers to the use of earthworms as a protein feed source for their chickens. The data were gathered by administering a total of 150 questionnaires through face-to-face interviews with the chicken farmers in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The results of the study revealed that the idea of rearing earthworms for chickens was favoured by farmers, male farmers more strongly than females, while youth farmers rejected it. Moreover, the use of earthworms as a feed ingredient in chicken feed was accepted by farmers and no significant difference was observed among the type of owners of chickens. The consumption of chickens fed earthworms was significantly influenced by chicken ownership. Nevertheless, rearing of earthworms instead of growing crops for chicken feed was rejected by the farmers. The results show a positive attitude towards possible benefits that can be caused by the use of earthworms in chicken feed. The strongest benefit perceived was that earthworms improve production performance of chickens while the weakest was the use of earthworms for lowering feed price and production. Farmers’ perception of health risks caused by earthworms was high. Nevertheless, the overall conclusion is that earthworms can be used as chicken feed since farmers indicated a positive attitude toward the use of them for chickens.

The Low Cost of Universal Access to Healthcare in Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morris L. Barer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Hospital Care ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Productive Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost

The significant difference between Canada and the United States in respective share of productive activity consumed by healthcare has emerged only since 1971, This difference, currently about 2.5 percent of GNP, is concentrated in three components — medical care, hospital care and administration. Highlighted are the Canada-U.S. dissimilarities, both in overall healthcare cost and experiences since 1971. The reasons are tracked to greater U.S. hospital daily servicing intensity, higher U.S. physician fees, and the cost of the fragmented public-private U.S. system of administration and regulation.

Advance Protection for Three Phase Induction Motor using Microcontroller Atmega32

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Karan S Belsare ◽  
Gajanan D Patil
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Cost Factor ◽  
Protection Scheme ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Cost

A low cost and reliable protection scheme has been designed for a three phase induction motor against unbalance voltages, under voltage, over voltage, short circuit and overheating protection. Taking the cost factor into consideration the design has been proposed using microcontroller Atmega32, MOSFETs, relays, small CTs and PTs. However the sensitivity of the protection scheme has been not compromised. The design has been tested online in the laboratory for small motors and the same can be implemented for larger motors by replacing the i-v converters and relays of suitable ratings.

Janus – A New Approach to Air Combat Pilot Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Georges Bridel ◽  
Zdobyslaw Goraj ◽  
Lukasz Kiszkowiak ◽  
Jean-Georges Brévot ◽  
Jean-Pierre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Training System ◽  
Embedded Sensors ◽  
Pilot Training ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Combat Aircraft ◽  
Air Combat ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Advanced jet training still relies on old concepts and solutions that are no longer efficient when considering the current and forthcoming changes in air combat. The cost of those old solutions to develop and maintain combat pilot skills are important, adding even more constraints to the training limitations. The requirement of having a trainer aircraft able to perform also light combat aircraft operational mission is adding unnecessary complexity and cost without any real operational advantages to air combat mission training. Thanks to emerging technologies, the JANUS project will study the feasibility of a brand-new concept of agile manoeuvrable training aircraft and an integrated training system, able to provide a live, virtual and constructive environment. The JANUS concept is based on a lightweight, low-cost, high energy aircraft associated to a ground based Integrated Training System providing simulated and emulated signals, simulated and real opponents, combined with real-time feedback on pilot’s physiological characteristics: traditionally embedded sensors are replaced with emulated signals, simulated opponents are proposed to the pilot, enabling out of sight engagement. JANUS is also providing new cost effective and more realistic solutions for “Red air aircraft” missions, organised in so-called “Aggressor Squadrons”.

scholarly journals Cost of Management of Diabetes Mellitus: A Pan India Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 097275312199849
Author(s):  
Raghuram Nagarathna ◽  
M Madhava ◽  
Suchitra S Patil ◽  
Amit Singh ◽  
K. Perumal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Cost Of Disease ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major noncommunicable disease. While mortality rates are increasing, the costs of managing the disease are also increasing. The all-India average monthly expenditure per person (pppm) is reported to be ₹ 1,098.25, which translates to an annual expenditure of ₹13,179 per person. Purpose: While a number of studies have gone into the aspect of the cost of disease management, we do not find any study which has pan-India reach. We also do not find studies that focus on differences (if any) between rural and urban areas, age or on the basis of gender. We planned to report the cost of illness (COI) in diabetes individuals as compared to others from the data of a pan-India trial. Methods: Government of India commissioned the Indian Yoga Association to study the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India in 2017. As part of the questionnaire, the cost of treatment was also captured. Data collected from 25 states and union territories were analyzed using the analysis of covriance (ANCOVA) test on SPSS version 21. Results: There was a significant difference ( P < .05) between the average expenses per person per month (pppm) of individuals with self-reported known diabetes (₹1,357.65 pppm) and others (unknown and/or nondiabetes individuals–₹ 999.91 pppm). Similarly, there was a significant difference between rural (₹2,893 pppm) and urban (₹4,162 pppm) participants and between those below (₹1,996 pppm) and above 40 years (₹5,059 pppm) of age. Conclusion: This preliminary report has shown that the COI because of diabetes is significantly higher than others pointing to an urgent need to promote disease-preventive measures.

scholarly journals Quantification and Classification of Diclofenac Sodium Content in Dispersed Commercially Available Tablets by Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Eirini Siozou ◽  
Vasilios Sakkas ◽  
Nikolaos Kourkoumelis
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ft Ir

A new methodology, based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy equipped with an attenuated total reflectance accessory (ATR FT-IR), was developed for the determination of diclofenac sodium (DS) in dispersed commercially available tablets using chemometric tools such as partial least squares (PLS) coupled with discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results of PLS-DA depicted a perfect classification of the tablets into three different groups based on their DS concentrations, while the developed model with PLS had a sufficiently low root mean square error (RMSE) for the prediction of the samples’ concentration (~5%) and therefore can be practically used for any tablet with an unknown concentration of DS. Comparison with ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) spectrophotometry as the reference method revealed no significant difference between the two methods. The proposed methodology exhibited satisfactory results in terms of both accuracy and precision while being rapid, simple and of low cost.

scholarly journals A low-cost wireless endoscope camera: a preliminary report

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Lazarus ◽  
M. Ncube
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Video Transmission ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Constrained Environments ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Technology currently used for surgical endoscopy was developed and is manufactured in high-income economies. The cost of this equipment makes technology transfer to resource constrained environments difficult. We aimed to design an affordable wireless endoscope to aid visualisation during rigid endoscopy and minimally invasive surgery (MIS). The initial prototype aimed to replicate a 4-mm lens used in rigid cystoscopy. Methods Focus was placed on using open-source resources to develop the wireless endoscope to significantly lower the cost and make the device accessible for resource-constrained settings. An off the shelf miniature single-board computer module was used because of its low cost (US$10) and its ability to handle high-definition (720p) video. Open-source Linux software made monitor mode (“hotspot”) wireless video transmission possible. A 1280 × 720 pixel high-definition tube camera was used to generate the video signal. Video is transmitted to a standard laptop computer for display. Bench testing included latency of wireless digital video transmission. Comparison to industry standard wired cameras was made including weight and cost. The battery life was also assessed. Results In comparison with industry standard cystoscope lens, wired camera, video processing unit and light source, the prototype costs substantially less. (US$ 230 vs 28 000). The prototype is light weight (184 g), has no cables tethering and has acceptable battery life (of over 2 h, using a 1200 mAh battery). The camera transmits video wirelessly in near real time with only imperceptible latency of < 200 ms. Image quality is high definition at 30 frames per second. Colour rendering is good, and white balancing is possible. Limitations include the lack of a zoom. Conclusion The novel wireless endoscope camera described here offers equivalent high-definition video at a markedly reduced cost to contemporary industry wired units and could contribute to making minimally invasive surgery possible in resource-constrained environments.

scholarly journals Multi-Blockchain-Based IoT Data Processing Techniques to Ensure the Integrity of IoT Data in AIoT Edge Computing Environments

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3515
Author(s):  
Sung-Ho Sim ◽  
Yoon-Su Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Constant Size ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Cloud Servers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
And Control

As the development of IoT technologies has progressed rapidly recently, most IoT data are focused on monitoring and control to process IoT data, but the cost of collecting and linking various IoT data increases, requiring the ability to proactively integrate and analyze collected IoT data so that cloud servers (data centers) can process smartly. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based IoT big data integrity verification technique to ensure the safety of the Third Party Auditor (TPA), which has a role in auditing the integrity of AIoT data. The proposed technique aims to minimize IoT information loss by multiple blockchain groupings of information and signature keys from IoT devices. The proposed technique allows IoT information to be effectively guaranteed the integrity of AIoT data by linking hash values designated as arbitrary, constant-size blocks with previous blocks in hierarchical chains. The proposed technique performs synchronization using location information between the central server and IoT devices to manage the cost of the integrity of IoT information at low cost. In order to easily control a large number of locations of IoT devices, we perform cross-distributed and blockchain linkage processing under constant rules to improve the load and throughput generated by IoT devices.

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