scholarly journals Parasitismo floral por abejas sociales (Meliponinae; Apidae) en el árbol quiropterófilo Crescentia alata (Bignoniaceae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Carlos Martínez del Río ◽  
Stephen H. Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Total Production ◽  
Nectar Robbing ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Glossophaga Soricina ◽  
Plant Parasites ◽  
Trigona Fulviventris

The flowers of Crescentia alata are probably pollinated by bats (Glossophaga soricina) and parasited by two especies of social bees Partamona bilineata and Trigona fulviventris. P. bilineata collects pollen and nectar whereas T. fulviventris collects only pollen. In four trees in wich pollen robbery was measured it was found that the intensity of robbery was higher in the tree in wich anthers dehisced earlier than in thos wich dehisced later. Bees removed about 40% of the total production of the nectar before the arrival of bats. Bees act as plant parasites and keep an amensalist relationship with bats. We suggest that bat pollinated plants may be a result of the interaction not only with pollinators but also with pollen and nectar robbing bees.

Parasite defense mechanisms in bees: behavior, immunity, antimicrobials, and symbionts

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison E. Fowler ◽  
Rebecca E. Irwin ◽  
Lynn S. Adler
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Immune Priming ◽  
Social Bees ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
Landscape Scales ◽  
And Function ◽  
Solitary Species

Parasites are linked to the decline of some bee populations; thus, understanding defense mechanisms has important implications for bee health. Recent advances have improved our understanding of factors mediating bee health ranging from molecular to landscape scales, but often as disparate literatures. Here, we bring together these fields and summarize our current understanding of bee defense mechanisms including immunity, immunization, and transgenerational immune priming in social and solitary species. Additionally, the characterization of microbial diversity and function in some bee taxa has shed light on the importance of microbes for bee health, but we lack information that links microbial communities to parasite infection in most bee species. Studies are beginning to identify how bee defense mechanisms are affected by stressors such as poor-quality diets and pesticides, but further research on this topic is needed. We discuss how integrating research on host traits, microbial partners, and nutrition, as well as improving our knowledge base on wild and semi-social bees, will help inform future research, conservation efforts, and management.

Investigations of alternative kale management: Production, regrowth and quality from different sowing and defoliation dates

2007 ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.E. Brown ◽  
S. Maley ◽  
D.R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Total Production

Gruner kale showed a linear increase (8.0 kg DM/ha per °Cd) in biomass with sowings on 1 October, 3 November and 1 December producing 23, 19 and 17 t DM/ha (respectively) by the 29 May. Regrowth following mid season defoliation was slow (5.3 kg DM/ha per °Cd) reducing total production (relative to undefoliated) by 7.5 and 5.5 t DM/ha for treatments defoliated on the 29 January and 14 March, respectively. Keyworks: defoliation, kale, quality, regrowth, sowing date, thermal time, yield

Significance of Experience, Farm Size, Quantity of Propagules and Location f or Seaweed Farmers in the Divided Island of Sebatik

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-832
Author(s):  
James M. Alin ◽  
◽  
Datu Razali Datu Eranza ◽  
Arsiah Bahron ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Douglas Production Function

Seaweed-Kappaphycus-Euchema Cottonii and Denticulum species was first cultivated at Sabah side of Sebatik in 2009. By November 2014, sixty one Sabahan seaweed farmers cultivated 122 ha or 3,050 long lines. Thirty Sabahan seaweed farmers in Kampung Pendekar (3.2 m.t dried) and 31 in Burst Point (12.5 m.t dried) produced 16 metric tonnes of dried seaweed contributed 31% to Tawau’s total production (51 m.t). The remaining 69% were from farmers in Cowie Bay that separates Sebatik from municipality of Tawau. Indonesian in Desa Setabu, Sebatik started in 2008. However, the number of Indonesian seaweed farmers, their cultivated areas and production (as well as quality) in Sebatik increased many times higher and faster than the Sabah side of Sebatik. In 2009 more than 1,401 households in Kabupaten Nunukan (including Sebatik) cultivated over 700 ha and have produced 55,098.95 and 116, 73 m.t dried seaweed in 2010 and 2011 respectively. There is a divergence in productions from farming the sea off the same island under similar weather conditions. Which of the eight explanatory factors were affecting production of seaweeds in Sebatik? Using Cobb Douglas production function, Multiple Regression analysis was conducted on 100 samples (50 Sabahan and 50 Indonesian). Results; Variable significant at α = 0.05% are Experience in farming whereas Farm size; Quantity of propagules and Location — Dummy are the variables significant at α 0.01%. Not significant are variables Fuel; Age; Number of family members involved in farming and Education level.

Context dependency of bumble bee nectar robbing

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elinor M. Lichtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Context Dependency ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Nectar Robbing

Immaterial Cost and Production: Maximum Production Cost Level Through Marginal Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-149
Author(s):  
Dini Maulana Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
Maximum Production ◽  
Cost Approach ◽  
South Sulawesi

This paper will discuss about the immaterial costs and production yields at one of the refined sugar factory companies in Makassar, South Sulawesi. The theory is based on the fact that Immaterial is a cost that is almsgiving, meaning costs that are outside of the basic costs of the company in producing production, so this research aims to find out: (1) what is the production cost needed to produce this production, (2) the maximum level of production at company from 2013 to 2017. This type of research is a quantitative study because it uses a questionnaire in the form of values ​​that are processed using the marginal cost approach formula. The results of the analysis show that (1) the maximum level of production costs occurred in 2016 amounting to 6,912 with an Immaterial cost of Rp. 2,481,796,800 and the total production produced is 359,077.3 tons (2) The required workforce with the total production produced is 359,077.3 tones of 180 people including the maximum production point which means that the lowest value is achieved (optimal).    

MINIMALISASI BIAYA SIMPAN DAN BIAYA SETUP PADA MULTIPLE PRODUK: SIMULASI DENGAN CAPACITATED LOT SIZING PROBLEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Erika Fatma
Keyword(s):  
Production Cost ◽  
Lot Sizing ◽  
Setup Time ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Product Cycle ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Setup Costs ◽  
Lot Sizing Problem ◽  
Capacitated Lot Sizing

Lot sizing problem in production planning aims to optimize production costs (processing, setup and holding cost) by fulfilling demand and resources capacity costraint. The Capacitated Lot sizing Problem (CLSP) model aims to balance the setup costs and inventory costs to obtain optimal total costs. The object of this study was a plastic component manufacturing company. This study use CLSP model, considering process costs, holding costs and setup costs, by calculating product cycle and setup time. The constraint of this model is the production time capacity and the storage capacity of the finished product. CLSP can reduce the total production cost by 4.05% and can reduce setup time by 46.75%.  Keyword: Lot size, CLSP, Total production cost.

LIVING STANDARDS AND PROPORTIONS AFFECTING FOR STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
G. T. PULATOVA ◽  
◽  
T. A. KADYROV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Fund Industry ◽  
Time Changes

This article considers the direct connection of the state of living of the population with the structures of the economy. In this regard, it is noted that the territorial aspects of the structure of the economy are also factors in shaping the structure of people 's needs, despite the fact that the latter are poorly structured. The study showed that the extent of structural changes in the economy, apart from the needs of the population, is affected by such critical proportions as the ratio of production to consumption, the savings fund to consumption fund, industry and agriculture, growth of production and transport development, growth of cash incomes of the population and their commodity coverage. In total production theoretical analysis has also shown that structural changes in the economy depend on the level of change in the share of each sector of the economy At the same time, changes also affect economic growth and human well-being in different ways.

Storage reservoirs – a first barrier for pathogenic micro-organisms in the Netherlands

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambert W. C. A. van Breemen ◽  
Henk A. M. Ketelaars ◽  
Wim Hoogenboezem ◽  
Gertjan Medema
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Total Production ◽  
River Meuse ◽  
Storage Reservoirs ◽  
Microbiological Water Quality ◽  
Micro Organisms

Production of drinking water from river water, abstracted either directly from river or from storage reservoirs, requires the application of barriers for pathogenic micro-organisms. About one third of the total production of drinking water in the Netherlands is derived from surface water, mainly the River Meuse and branches of the River Rhine. The results of extensive monitoring programmes show that the microbiological water quality of the River Rhine and River Meuse is strongly influenced by domestic and agricultural waste water discharges, with respect to the River Meuse mainly in the Liège-region in Belgium. Densities of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in both rivers are comparable; the highest density was found in the Belgian Meuse basin. Elimination rates of 1.7- to 3.1 10log-units for pathogenic micro-organisms were found in Dutch storage reservoirs, which can thus be considered as an important first barrier for pathogenic microorganisms. The elimination capacity of reservoirs is influenced by retention time and contamination by waterfowl. To meet the proposed quality criteria for pathogens in drinking water, however, additional barriers are required.

scholarly journals Production behavior evaluation on multilayer commingled stress-sensitive carbonate gas reservoir

2020 ◽  
pp. 014459872096415
Author(s):  
Jianlin Guo ◽  
Fankun Meng ◽  
Ailin Jia ◽  
Shuo Dong ◽  
Haijun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Sedimentary Environment ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Inversion Algorithm ◽  
Gas Reservoir ◽  
Hole Pressure ◽  
Bottom Hole Pressure ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
Production Behavior

Influenced by the complex sedimentary environment, a well always penetrates multiple layers with different properties, which leads to the difficulty of analyzing the production behavior for each layer. Therefore, in this paper, a semi-analytical model to evaluate the production performance of each layer in a stress-sensitive multilayer carbonated gas reservoir is proposed. The flow of fluids in layers composed of matrix, fractures, and vugs can be described by triple-porosity/single permeability model, and the other layers could be characterized by single porosity media. The stress-sensitive exponents for different layers are determined by laboratory experiments and curve fitting, which are considered in pseudo-pressure and pseudo-time factor. Laplace transformation, Duhamel convolution, Stehfest inversion algorithm are used to solve the proposed model. Through the comparison with the classical solution, and the matching with real bottom-hole pressure data, the accuracy of the presented model is verified. A synthetic case which has two layers, where the first one is tight and the second one is full of fractures and vugs, is utilized to study the effects of stress-sensitive exponents, skin factors, formation radius and permeability for these two layers on production performance. The results demonstrate that the initial well production is mainly derived from high permeable layer, which causes that with the rise of formation permeability and radius, and the decrease of stress-sensitive exponents and skin factors, in the early stage, the bottom-hole pressure and the second layer production rate will increase. While the first layer contributes a lot to the total production in the later period, the well bottom-hole pressure is more influenced by the variation of formation and well condition parameters at the later stage. Compared with the second layer, the scales of formation permeability and skin factor for first layer have significant impacts on production behaviors.

scholarly journals Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Conductive Drying of Phosphate Washing Waste Clay

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Fatiha Berroug ◽  
Yassir Bellaziz ◽  
Naaila Ouazzani ◽  
Fatima Ait Nouh ◽  
Abdessamad Hejjaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Sample Thickness ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Numerical Investigations ◽  
The World ◽  
Drying System

Morocco is the leading producer of phosphate and its derivatives in the world with a total production of 35 Mt. However, the extraction and the valorization of this mine generate huge quantities of phosphate washing waste clay (PHWWC) that constitute a main environmental and economic concern. To facilitate this waste clay storage and handling, it is necessary to decrease its moisture content that represents 80% of PHWWC. The present paper is devoted to studying the conductive drying of PHWWC. Drying experiments were conducted in a laboratory pilot. Afterwards, the experiment results were implemented in a one-dimensional numerical model of heat and mass transfer in a porous media to identify the drying parameters and performances. It was found that most of the water contained in PHWWC is free water that is removed with a constant drying rate. The volume reduction with a marked cracks phenomenon attained 65% without any significant effect of drying temperature and sample thickness. The effective moisture diffusivity of the PHWWC for a conductive drying process is ranged between 10−9 and 1.1 × 10−8 m2·s−1. The thermal efficiency of the drying system is up to 86%. The results could be used for the purpose of design and scale-up of the industrial dryer based on laboratory-scale experiments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document