scholarly journals Hybrids of Paspalum plicatulum × P. guenoarum: Selection for forage yield and cold tolerance in a subtropical environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
Karla M. Saraiva ◽  
Miguel Dall'Agnol ◽  
Eder A.M. Da Motta ◽  
Emerson A. Pereira ◽  
Cleber H.L. De Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Hybridization Technique ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Subtropical Environment ◽  
Feeding Systems

Selection of improved genotypes is important for pasture-based feeding systems in subtropical regions. Our goal was to identify hybrids of Paspalum with enhanced forage yield and cold tolerance across 2 sites [Bagé and Eldorado do Sul (ES)], in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We evaluated 19 P. plicatulum × P. guenoarum hybrids, P. plicatulum genotype 4PT, P. guenoarum cultivars Azulão and Baio and, as Control, Megathyrsus maximus cv. Aruana. At both sites, the experimental design was a completely randomized block with 4 replications. Total dry mass (total-DM), leaf-DM and cold tolerance (ColdT) were recorded. At Bagé, hybrid 102069 produced higher total-DM and leaf-DM than the progenitors and cv. Aruana, while at ES, hybrids 102069 and 10308 produced higher total-DM than 4PT, Azulão and Aruana; hybrid 102069 had higher leaf-DM. At Bagé, 16 hybrids displayed ColdT similar to their progenitors and higher than Aruana, while at ES, 12 hybrids showed ColdT similar to Azulão and Baio and higher than 4PT and Aruana. This study demonstrated that hybrids of Paspalum with superior forage yield to their progenitors and Aruana, and hybrids with higher ColdT than 4PT and Aruana are in existence. The hybridization technique shows potential for producing alternative genotypes with higher forage yield and ColdT for sowing in subtropical regions.

scholarly journals Geographic Distribution of Ryegrass Resistent to the Clethodim Herbicide in Rio Grande do Sul1

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
L. VARGAS ◽  
T. SCHNEIDER ◽  
D. AGOSTINETTO ◽  
M.A. BIANCHI
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
The North ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Continuous Use ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Ryegrass is a weed of annual cycle that is present in winter crops, in orchards and vineyards of the South region of Brazil. The species is normally controlled by the glyphosate herbicide, but the continuous use of this product caused the selection of resistant biotypes. The use of ACCase inhibitor herbicides is the main alternative for the control of this species, but it has not been satisfactory in some places, thus causing suspicion of resistance to this action mechanism. Thus, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the occurrence and geographic distribution of ryegrass biotypes that are resistant to the clethodim herbicide in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. For that, seeds of ryegrass plants that survived the application of clethodim were collected in crops from the north region of RS, summing up to a total of 152 samples from 72 cities. The biotypes were submitted to the application of 120 g i.a. ha-1 (maximum registered dose) and 60 g i.a. ha-1 de clethodim (half the maximum registered dose). According to the results, among the samples of ryegrass seeds collected, there were no biotypes resistant to the clethodim herbicide when the maximum registered dose was applied and in the stage of three to four leaves. However, there were biotypes with lower susceptibility that survived half the maximum registered dose.

scholarly journals PRODUÇÃO FORRAGEIRA E EFICIÊNCIA DE UTILIZAÇÃO DA ÁGUA DO CAPIM SUDÃO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO1

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-159
Author(s):  
Wellington Mezzomo ◽  
Marcia Xavier Peiter ◽  
Adroaldo Dias Robaina ◽  
Jardel Henrique Kirchner ◽  
Rogerio Ricalde Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sorghum Sudanense ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Water Depths

PRODUÇÃO FORRAGEIRA E EFICIÊNCIA DE UTILIZAÇÃO DA ÁGUA DO CAPIM SUDÃO SUBMETIDO A DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO1   WELLINGTON MEZZOMO2; MARCIA XAVIER PEITER3; ADROALDO DIAS ROBAINA4; JARDEL HENRIQUE KIRCHNER5; ROGÉRIO RICALDE TORRES6 e BRUNA DALCIN PIMENTA7   1 Trabalho retirado da tese intitulada: “Viabilidade técnica e econômica da produção de forragem do capim sudão irrigado por aspersão convencional”, do autor Wellington Mezzomo2 2 Eng. Agrônomo, Mestre, Doutorando no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 3 Eng. Agrônoma, Doutora, Professora Associada do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 4 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor Titular do Departamento de Engenharia Rural, UFSM, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 97195-000, [email protected]. 5 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Nelsi Ribas Fritsch, nº 1111, bairro Esperança, Ibirubá, RS, Brasil, CEP: 98200-000, [email protected] 6 Eng. Agrônomo, Doutor, Professor do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Eng. João Viterbo de Oliveira, nº 3061, Zona Rural, Vacaria, RS, Brasil, CEP: 95219-899, [email protected]. 7 Eng. Agrônoma, Mestre, Professora do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Nelsi Ribas Fritsch, nº 1111, bairro Esperança, Ibirubá, RS, Brasil, CEP: 98200-000, [email protected].     1 RESUMO   As pastagens cultivadas são a forma mais prática e viável economicamente para alimentação bovina, entretanto, na região sul do Brasil no período de primavera-verão a qualidade e a disponibilidade forrageira decaem em razão da irregularidade pluvial, fazendo-se necessária a utilização da irrigação. O capim Sudão (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf), cultivar BRS Estribo vem se destacando em relação as demais gramíneas de verão, porém o suprimento hídrico ótimo ainda é desconhecido, pois as pesquisas divergem sobre os resultados. O objetivo, foi avaliar a produtividade do capim Sudão sob diferentes lâminas e determinar a eficiência na utilização da água em dois anos de cultivo (2015/2016 e 2016/2017). Os experimentos foram conduzidos na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, baixo o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com cinco lâminas de água, 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125% da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) e tratamento testemunha sem irrigação, todos com quatro repetições. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa para os distintos tratamentos, sendo determinado a máxima eficiência técnica para produção de massa seca e eficiência de utilização da água, no Ano 1 as lâminas de água foram 103,1% e 73,6% da ETo respectivamente e no Ano 2 foram as lâminas com 120,8% e 95,6% da ETo.   Keywords: evapotranspiração de referência, massa seca, BRS Estribo.           MEZZOMO, W.; PEITER, M. X.; ROBAINA, A. D.; KIRCHNER, J. H.; TORRES, R. R.; PIMENTA, B. D. FORAGE PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENCY IN THE UTILIZATION OF WATER IN SUDAN GRASS SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT IRRIGATION DEPTHS     2 ABSTRACT   Cultivated pastures are the most practical and economically viable way to feed cattle, however, in southern Brazil, during spring-summer, forage quality and availability decline due to rainfall irregularity, irrigation is required. Sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf), cultivar BRS Estribo  has been outstanding in relation to the other summer grasses, however the optimal water supply is still unknown, as research diverges about the results. The objective was to evaluate the yield of Sudan grass under different depths and to determine the efficiency in the utilization of water, in two years of cultivation (2015/2016 and 2016/2017). The experiments were conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, under a randomized block design with five water depths, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of reference evapotranspiration and control treatment without irrigation, all with four repetitions. There was a statistically significant difference for the different treatments, being determined the maximum efficiency technique for dry mass production and efficiency in the utilization of water, in Year 1 the water depths were 103.1% and 73.6% of ETo respectively, and in Year 2 depths were 120.8% and 95.6% of ETo.   Keywords: reference evapotranspiration, dry mass, BRS Estribo.

scholarly journals Identification and antimicrobial suceptibility profile of bacteria causing bovine mastitis from dairy farms in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Freitas ◽  
J. F. Mendes ◽  
P. V. Villarreal ◽  
P. R. Santos ◽  
C. L. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Mastitis is an inflammatory process of the udder tissue caused mainly by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics fosters conditions that favor the selection of resistant microorganisms, suppressing at the same time susceptible forms, causing a serious problem in dairy cattle. Given the importance in performing an antibiogram to select the most adequate antimicrobial therapy, the aim of this study was to identify bacteria isolated from cow’s milk with mastitis, in dairy farms situated in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, and to determinate the susceptibility profile of these isolates against the antibiotics used to treat this illness. A total of 30 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., were selected from milk samples from the udder quarters with subclinical mastitis whose species were identified through the Vitek system. The susceptibility profile was performed by the disk diffusion assay, against: ampicillin, amoxicillin, bacitracin, cephalexin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, norfloxacin, penicillin G, tetracycline and trimethoprim. In the antibiogram, 100.0% of the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim and 96.7% to tetracycline and neomycin, three strains of Staphylococcus spp., (10.0%) presented resistance to the 12 antibiotics tested and 24 (80.0%) to at least eight. These results showed the difficulty in treating mastitis, due to the pathogens’ resistance.

scholarly journals Forage characters of different Paspalum species in Rio Grande do Sul: a meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Arnhold Graminho ◽  
Miguel Dall’Agnol ◽  
Luciana Pötter ◽  
Rodrigo Ramos Lopes ◽  
Carine Simioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate, through meta-analysis, the forage characteristics of various species of the genus Paspalum and to use them to select the best ecotypes that can be used in artificial hybridization as parents and hybrids for pasture production and natural pasture recovery systems. Data were obtained from studies conducted by the Department of Forage Plants and Agrometeorology of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Database comprised tests conducted with ecotypes and/or hybrids of Paspalum spp. in plots for evaluating total dry mass production, leaf dry mass production, and stem dry mass production by means of cuts. Total dry mass production, which included leaves and stems, differed between the ecotypes and hybrids. Hybrid H12 was the most divergent of all evaluated accessions. The greatest genetic divergence occurred due to dry mass production. Hybrids showed high total dry mass production, comprised mainly of leaves. Hybrid H12 and the accession of Paspalum lepton 28E were identified as the most dissimilar based on the generalized Mahalanobis distance using Tocher’s method. Total dry mass production is the characteristic that most contributed to the detection of genetic variability.

scholarly journals Co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense in the Soybean Crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Cleudson J. Michelon ◽  
Anderson D. Schott ◽  
Vitor A. B. Rubin ◽  
Emanuele Junges ◽  
Thamara E. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root System ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Mass Number ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Soybean Crop

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of the co-inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (B. japonicum) and Azospirillum brasilense (A. brasilense) on the agronomic characteristics of the soybean crop in the central region of State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The experiment was conducted during three harvests (2016/2017, 2017/2018, 2018/2019), in the central region of the State of RS. The treatments were: T1-inoculation with 1 dose B. japonicum; T2-co-inoculation with 1 dose of B. japonicum + 1 dose of A. brasilense; T3-co-inoculation with 2 doses of B. japonicum + 1 dose of A. brasilense; T4-co-inoculation with 2 doses of B. japonicum + 2 doses of A. brasilense; T5-co-inoculation with 1 dose of B. japonicum + 2 doses of A. brasilense; T6-without inoculation (control). The determinations were: shoot and root system dry mass, number and dry mass of nodules, and grain yield. It was observed that the use of co-inoculation with 1 dose of B. japonicum + 2 doses of A. brasilense provided a higher dry mass of nodules and grain yield of the soybean crop.

scholarly journals Caracterização das viagens para a escola em cidades de pequeno porte: estudo de caso da região do Vale do Jacuí/RS (Brasil)

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Raquel Cristina Ferreira Silva ◽  
Letícia Oestreich ◽  
Brenda Medeiros Pereira ◽  
Alejandro Ruiz - Padillo
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
School Students ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Transportation Mode ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Selection Of

School trips characterize the main daily commute by students. Understanding how these trips are made and which aspects influence their choices is fundamental to provide improvements in transportation and quality of life for students. From a literature review, we listed aspects impacting the selection of the transportation mode used in school trips and the satisfaction with the quality of scholar transportation provided to the students. To qualify scholar trips in small cities, high school students from 10 schools located in 6 different cities of the central region of Rio Grande do Sul State were selected, totaling 763 students interviewed. Through the application of a qualitative and quantitative questionnaire we collected data on target audience, trips, perceptions of trips and satisfaction with scholar transportation, providing information for the diagnosis of the scholar trips. With the results obtained, it is possible to guide public policies aimed at improving the quality and safety of scholar trips.

scholarly journals Direct, indirect and simultaneous selection as strategies for alfalfa breeding on forage yield and nutritive value

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Gonçalves dos Santos ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Moysés Nascimento ◽  
Renato Domiciano Silva Rosado ◽  
Reinaldo de Paula Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Trait Improvement ◽  
Simultaneous Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT Alfalfa breeding aimed at trait improvement for livestock feed takes longer periods of time, if compared to many other crops. Therefore, better selection methods are necessary for the success of alfalfa breeding programs. Although knowing about selection methods is quite important, there is a notable lack of information, as regards successful solutions. This study aimed to use direct, indirect and simultaneous selection methods for selecting alfalfa cultivars, based on yield traits and nutritive value. The evaluated traits were subdivided into two groups: forage yield and nutritive value. Selection gains were estimated by direct, indirect and simultaneous selection for each group, considering the selection of the 25 % best cultivars. Direct and indirect selections among genotype averages are not efficient to provide the desirable responses to the whole set of traits. The results for simultaneous selection, using the Tai index, provided a more balanced gain distribution to the set of traits in all cuts. The simultaneous selection allowed the identification of the 5681 and Verdor cultivars in the first cut, as well as ProINTA Patricia in the second cut, as superior in the two groups of evaluated traits.

scholarly journals Substantive and instrumental rationality in public bidding: gains and losses in the selection of the most advantageous bid

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-511
Author(s):  
VANILSON VIANA CARDOSO ◽  
AIRTON ADELAR MUELLER
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Instrumental Rationality ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Selection Of

Resumo Este artigo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de identificar elementos nos processos licitatórios da administração pública, que mantêm relação com a racionalidade instrumental e/ou substantiva. Os resultados apontam que o tensionamento entre essas duas abordagens contribui para a avaliação crítica das decisões do gestor público, no que tange à definição dos critérios de habilitação e qualificação técnica exigidos das empresas licitantes. Ao passo que o certame deveria promover a concorrência de preços e proporcionar a melhor contratação, o excesso de instrumental de que se revestem os atos discricionários e vinculados resulta, com base nos resultados obtidos, em deficiências substanciais para o funcionamento da administração pública, que maculam a supremacia do interesse público. Para a elaboração do estudo, adotou-se como fundamentação teórica um conjunto de precedentes da literatura que discute a racionalidade nas organizações, bem como o processo de tensão entre a abordagem instrumental e a substantiva. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, realizada mediante análise documental, revisão bibliográfica e observação não participante. Entre os anos de 2017 e 2019, acompanharam-se as sessões públicas de licitações de um município do noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, com população de cerca de 60 mil habitantes. Em suma, constatou-se que o poder público, ao se pautar demasiadamente pela racionalidade instrumental durante a condução dos processos licitatórios, fomenta uma disputa de interesses particulares dos licitantes, alheios ao interesse público, o que pode desencadear uma série de problemas para a administração pública.

scholarly journals Dissimilarity between Andropogon lateralis ecotypes under different defoliation frequencies and heights

2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Barros ◽  
Roberto Luis Weiler ◽  
Juliana Medianeira Machado ◽  
Diógenes Cecchin Silveira ◽  
André Pich Brunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Native Grasslands ◽  
Superior Genotypes ◽  
Selection For ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT: Andropogon lateralis Nees is a native grass of southern Brazil and is one of the most frequent specie found in native grasslands. The species is widely distributed and has a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, which makes it highly adaptable to different edaphoclimatic conditions and management. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of twelve ecotypes of A. lateralis, collected in different regions of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and cut to three different heights and subjected to two different defoliation frequencies. From September to February, the ecotypes were evaluated for total dry matter, leaf and stem yields. In addition, total, vegetative and reproductive tillers and plant height were measured. These characteristics are important for the selection of superior genotypes in terms of genetic variability and forage production. Total dry matter and leaf dry matter are characteristics with agronomic importance and they showed the highest correlation (r = 0.77), enabling an indirect selection for one of these characteristics. The natural selection of plants resulted in distinct structural, morphological and productive characteristics with heterogeneity that allows the selection and grouping according to the characteristics, ecotypes with superior agronomic characteristics can be included in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Influência de ácido indolbutírico no enraizamento de estacas semilenhosas de Campomanesia aurea

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Aquélis Armiliato Emer ◽  
Gilmar Schafer ◽  
Eduarda Demari Avrella ◽  
Morgana Delazeri ◽  
Pedro Augusto Veit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Leaf Retention

Campomanesia aurea (O. Berg) is a species native to southern Brazil, naturally occurring from the state of São Paulo to Rio Grande do Sul, and presenting a great ornamental potential. The objective was to verify the rooting of semihardwood cuttings of Campomanesia aurea using indolebutyric acid (IBA) doses. The cuttings were collected in the municipality of Barão do Triunfo, Rio Grande do Sul State, in December 2014. The cutting base was immersed in concentrations of zero (control), 2,000, 4,000, 6,000 and 8,000 mg L-1 of IBA, subsequently established in a carbonized rice husk substrate and placed in a protected environment with an intermittent misting system. At 111 days after installation, dead and rooted cuttings, leaf retention, callus formation, root volume, root and shoot dry matter were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications with 20 cuttings. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression. No statistical differences were found for any of the evaluations. An average rooting was observed in 28% of cuttings and callus formation was observed in 48% of cuttings. Root average volume per cutting was 0.15 mL, root dry mass was 0.01 g, and shoot dry mass was 0.28 g. There was a negative correlation between leaf retention and mortality of cuttings. It is concluded that the production of C. aurea by cutting is viable, and that there was no positive response to the application of IBA with the conditions under which the experiment was developed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document