scholarly journals Identification and antimicrobial suceptibility profile of bacteria causing bovine mastitis from dairy farms in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Freitas ◽  
J. F. Mendes ◽  
P. V. Villarreal ◽  
P. R. Santos ◽  
C. L. Gonçalves ◽  
...  

Abstract Mastitis is an inflammatory process of the udder tissue caused mainly by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics fosters conditions that favor the selection of resistant microorganisms, suppressing at the same time susceptible forms, causing a serious problem in dairy cattle. Given the importance in performing an antibiogram to select the most adequate antimicrobial therapy, the aim of this study was to identify bacteria isolated from cow’s milk with mastitis, in dairy farms situated in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, and to determinate the susceptibility profile of these isolates against the antibiotics used to treat this illness. A total of 30 isolates of Staphylococcus spp., were selected from milk samples from the udder quarters with subclinical mastitis whose species were identified through the Vitek system. The susceptibility profile was performed by the disk diffusion assay, against: ampicillin, amoxicillin, bacitracin, cephalexin, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, norfloxacin, penicillin G, tetracycline and trimethoprim. In the antibiogram, 100.0% of the isolates were resistant to trimethoprim and 96.7% to tetracycline and neomycin, three strains of Staphylococcus spp., (10.0%) presented resistance to the 12 antibiotics tested and 24 (80.0%) to at least eight. These results showed the difficulty in treating mastitis, due to the pathogens’ resistance.

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Fonseca

Sinopse: Em meio ao colorido de goiabas, batatas e flores mais que cheiros e sabores, descobrir pessoas. Agricultoras e agricultores que com suas histórias e lutas, estão representados nas varandas e nas mesas da cidade. Trazer a imagem não de uma feira, mas de cada pessoa que diariamente se dedica ao cultivo e à produção de alimentos. Encontrar o rosto e as escolhas de outros modos de fazer agricultura, de outros modos de se alimentar. De assentados e suas lutas pela preservação de sementes crioulas, de jovens universitários e sua determinação em permanecer no campo e de fumicultores aposentados dispostos a limpar suas terras dos venenos de mais 30 anos de cultivos agressivos, é feita a Feira Sabores da Terra. Feira da agricultura familiar do município de Canguçu, Rio Grande do Sul, que acontece todas as segundas-feiras à tarde e reúne cerca de 18 produtores. Em um pavilhão de madeira no centro da cidade são expostos doces coloniais, panificados, frangos congelados, farinhas, feijões, legumes, verduras, frutas e flores, em variedade conforme a estação do ano. Produtos que são vendidos entre boas conversas, rodas de chimarrão e é claro, uma melancia bem gelada ou uma deliciosa rapadura. Para a permanência e continuação da feira, que se realiza há pouco mais de um ano, os feirantes têm enfrentado e superado dificuldades. A distância de suas propriedades até a cidade, muitas das vezes são mais do que duas horas de viagem. A demanda, pelos consumidores, por produtos conforme padrões estéticos dos alimentos produzidos com veneno. O cansaço de mãos que, com mais de 40 anos de trabalho, ainda enfrentam a roça durante toda a semana e o frio, a chuva e o calor de uma feira praticamente ao ar livre. O conciliar o trabalho agrícola e a feira com os estudos, cujo acesso limitado pela distância das universidades, das oportunidades de estágios e pela dificuldade de ascender ao ensino público superior. Apesar de tão próximos, rostos e mãos muitas vezes invisíveis em escolhas alimentares. Gente que oportuniza uma alternativa à alimentação. Alimentação proveniente da relação de mulheres e homens com a terra, de suas sabedorias e ações. Feira Sabores da Terra, um ponto de aproximação entre o campo e a cidade, entre o cultivo e o alimento, entre o cuidado e o sabor. De agricultoras e agricultores e seus feijões, morangos e biscoitos. Este ensaio fotográfico é parte da agenda de pesquisa “Saberes e Sabores da Colônia”, desenvolvida no âmbito do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Alimentação e Cultura (GEPAC) e vinculada ao Bacharelado e ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Synopsis: In the middle of colored places with guava , potatoes and flowers more than smells of flavors, we discover people. Farmers, with your stories and struggles, are represented on the balconies and tables of the city. Representing the image of each person that daily is dedicated to the cultivation and food production, not just the image of a fair is much more than that. Find the face and choices of other ways of doing agriculture and others ways of feeding. From the land reform settlements and their struggles for the preservation of native seeds, of university students and their determination to remain in the field and retires tobacco growers willing to clear their land of the poisons of another 30 years of aggressive crops, is made the Flavors of the Earth Fair. Family Agriculture Fair, in the Canguçu City in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, of what happens on every Monday afternoon and brings together about 18 small farmers. In a wooden pavilion in Downtown city are exposed colonial sweets, bakery products, quick-frozen, flours, beans, vegetables, fruits and flowers in variety according to season. Products that are sold as God´s taste is of course chimarrão, and watermelon ice-cold or a delicious rapadura. For the permanence and continuation of the green fair, been held little more than a year ago, the small farmers have had and overcome difficulties. The distance of their properties of the Downtown , often last more than two hours of the trip. The consumer demand by products according to aesthetic standards of foods produced with venom. The fatigue of hands, still for more than 40 years of work, are still facing small farm during the days in a cool, rain and heat weather and the a fair still open. To reconcile agricultural work and the fair with studies, to which access is restricted by distances from universities, internship opportunities, and the difficulty of access to higher public education. Although close, often invisible faces and hands in food choices. People who offer alternative food. Food derived from the relationship of men and women to the land, of his wisdom and actions. Flavors of The Hearth Fair, a point of approximation between the countryside and the city, between the crop and the food, between care and taste. Of farmers and agriculturists and their beans, strawberries and biscuits. This photo essay is part of research agenda “Knowledge and tastes of the agricultural colony”, developed in the framework of the Group of the Studies and Researches in Food an Culture (GEPAC) and linked to the Bachelor’s and the Postgraduate Program In Anthropology of Federal University of Pelotas. Palavras-chave: Agricultura Familiar – Campesinato – Feira – Alimentação - Consumo Key-words: : Family Agriculture - Peasantry – Fair – Food - Consumption Ficha técnica: Direção: Larissa Fonseca Roteiro: Larissa Fonseca Fotografia: Larissa Fonseca Coordenação de Pesquisa: Renata Menasche Edição de Imagem: Larissa Fonseca e Hamilton Bittencourt Assessoria em Imagem: Claudia Turra Magni Credits: Author: Larissa Fonseca Photographs: Larissa Fonseca Direction: Larissa Fonseca Research Coordination: Renata Menasche Image Editing: Larissa Fonseca e Hamilton Bittencourt Image Consulting: Claudia Turra Magni.


2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
L. VARGAS ◽  
T. SCHNEIDER ◽  
D. AGOSTINETTO ◽  
M.A. BIANCHI

ABSTRACT Ryegrass is a weed of annual cycle that is present in winter crops, in orchards and vineyards of the South region of Brazil. The species is normally controlled by the glyphosate herbicide, but the continuous use of this product caused the selection of resistant biotypes. The use of ACCase inhibitor herbicides is the main alternative for the control of this species, but it has not been satisfactory in some places, thus causing suspicion of resistance to this action mechanism. Thus, the objective of this paper was to evaluate the occurrence and geographic distribution of ryegrass biotypes that are resistant to the clethodim herbicide in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. For that, seeds of ryegrass plants that survived the application of clethodim were collected in crops from the north region of RS, summing up to a total of 152 samples from 72 cities. The biotypes were submitted to the application of 120 g i.a. ha-1 (maximum registered dose) and 60 g i.a. ha-1 de clethodim (half the maximum registered dose). According to the results, among the samples of ryegrass seeds collected, there were no biotypes resistant to the clethodim herbicide when the maximum registered dose was applied and in the stage of three to four leaves. However, there were biotypes with lower susceptibility that survived half the maximum registered dose.


2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Pereira Elmir

O texto compreende uma discussão sobre o processo de modernização na cidade de Porto Alegre em vários momentos de sua história, articulando as transformações e modificações havidas no espaço urbano com uma paralela segregação social operada e/ou desejada na cidade. São recolhidos vários exemplos para demonstrar a vontade de se construir uma “cidade una”, na qual não se admite o convívio com os indesejados sociais. A combinação modernização/exclusão social, tantas vezes já abordada em diversos estudos da historiografia brasileira, encontra neste artigo mais um exercício de aproximação, a partir do qual pode-se vislumbrar momentos distintos – sem traçar uma linha de continuidade – desta operação específica da modernidade. Abstract The text discusses the process of modernization in the city of Porto Alegre during various moments of its history, debating both transformations and modifications in the city’s urban space along with a social segregation that was either going on or being wished for at that time. Many exemples are given so as to demonstrate the desire to build a “united city” in which those who were socially unwished were not allowed. The combination of modernization with social exclusion, so often discussed in many other studies of Brazilian history, is shown in this article as another approach to the issue of modernization with its distinct moments. Palavras-chave: Rio Grande do Sul. Séculos XIX e XX. Identidade. Key words: Rio Grande do Sul. XIX & XX centuries. Identity.


2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane F. Marques ◽  
Huarrisson A. Santos ◽  
Thomas H. Santos ◽  
Dayanne A. Melo ◽  
Shana M.O. Coelho ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: Staphylococcus spp. plays a significant role in the etiology of bovine mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus is considered the most important species due to the high prevalence and the difficulty of in vivo treatment that is related to the expression of virulence factors and biofilm formation. This study aimed to detect the phenotypic expression of the biofilm formation in 20 S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis and to evaluate the expression and regulation of genes involved in its production. MALDI-TOF and phenogenotypic identification assays were performed to characterize the isolates. The phenotypic biofilm production and the presence of icaA and icaD and bap genes were evaluated. The Agr system was typified (agr I, agr II, agr III and agr IV) and its regulator (agr RNAIII) was detected. Furtherly, Real-time PCR (qPCR) was performed at chosen times to quantify the expression of icaA, icaD and hld genes in three selected isolates. All 20 strains were biofilm producers and most presented icaA and icaD genes. Only one isolate presented the bap gene. The agr gene type II showed a prevalence of 70%. Transcriptional analysis revealed increased expression of ica genes at eight hours of growth. These results confirm that polysaccharides production mediated by the icaADBC operon genes is an essential mechanism to the biofilm formation and contributes to the early stages of bacterial growth.


Author(s):  
Vaneza Cauduro Peranzoni ◽  
Alieze Nascimento da Silva ◽  
Carine Nascimento da Silva ◽  
Luana Possamai Menezes

This work explores the experience of team participation the University of Cruz Alta Cruz Alta Rio Grande do Sul, Rondon Project. With goal to integrate the student to reality Brazil, and develop political, economic, and health care activities education for the poor, in January 2012, teachers and students visited the city of Aguiarnópolis, state of Tocantins in Brazil. The project is the intellectual effort of research and understanding of the process history, involving the saga of Brazilian Cândido Mariano Rondon and his legacy to the formation of anthropologists. This study proposes a reflection on Rondon Project while the university democratization of space public, considering it essential to approach institution with society. The Rondon Project is an extension activity that aims to consolidate the sense of social responsibility in university, knowledge on different Brazilian realities and production local collective projects.  It is intended, finally, contribute through this study to highlight the importance of alliance between scientific knowledge and empirical in everyone's life citizens, and the contribution of the Rondon Project to provide this exchange of knowledge between students and underserved communities.


2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 901-910
Author(s):  
Lilian Bernardina Ferreira ◽  
◽  
Larissa de Freitas Santiago Israel ◽  
Renata Fernandes Rabello ◽  
Guilherme Nunes de Souza ◽  
...  

Staphylococcus bacteria are often associated with subclinical bovine mastitis. This study aimed to identify multiresistant Staphylococcus spp. associated with subclinical mastitis and the associated risk factors. Twenty-three dairy farms with a history of decrease in milk production, located in the lower Acre region, Brazil, were selected. An epidemiological questionnaire was provided in all farms. All animals were examined using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and their milk samples were collected for bacterial culture. After isolation and identification, the disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed against nine classes of antimicrobials. Of the 339 cows examined using the CMT, 108 had mastitis. A total of 229 milk samples were collected from individual teats. MALDI-TOF MS found isolates belonging to eight species of Staphylococcus, in 101 of these samples. S. chromogenes (58.4%) demonstrated strongest resistance to the nine classes of antimicrobial active principles. Nineteen isolates with multidrug resistance phenotypic profile were identified. This phenotypic expression indicates wide circulation of resistant genes in this species. The presence of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus spp. in this study was correlated with lack of water for cleaning the corral, which is a preventive factor, minimizing the transmission and persistence of pathogens in the farms.


2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Sandra Regina De Moura ◽  
Dóris Maria Luzzardi Fiss

This article analyzed, from the perspective of six graduates of the Course of Pedagogy (FACED / UFRGS), the effects of the obligatory curricular internship and its role in the formation of teaching identities. This qualitative research carried out in 2014 involved listening to the voices of graduates in the period of compulsory curricular traineeship in a municipal public school system located in the city of Porto Alegre (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). By means of a focal group, the authors addressed themes of stage and professional identity, concepts developed by Maurice Tardif and Danielle Raymond, António Nóvoa, Selma Garrido Pimenta and Maria Socorro Lima. Drawing on the discursive perspectives of Michel Pêcheux, and highlighting contributions offered by Eni Orlandi, the discourse analysis of the graduates’ speech produced several themes that influenced the formation of the graduates’ educational identities, including teaching as collaborative work, “human teaching”, and experiences of autonomy and transition, and that referred to the obligatory curricular stage as a space for learning, reflection about practice, and the space of praxis. In addition, six trainees perceived their internship as an experience that produced changes in their ways of thinking and becoming teachers. Thus, discursive analysis of internship graduates within the time and spaces of teacher formation may can contribute to other designs for schooling and education, considering the relevance of the dynamic conditions of dialogue at this specific stage. 


2019 ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
João José Reis ◽  
Flávio dos Santos Gomes ◽  
Marcus J. M. de Carvalho ◽  
H. Sabrina Gledhill

In 1831, Rufino’s young master, an army cadet, took him to the province of Rio Grande do Sul, where he was sold to a merchant from the capital city of Porto Alegre. When his new master went bankrupt, Rufino was auctioned and bought by the police chief of the province. He worked as a cook at home and probably as a hire-out worker in the streets as well. Rio Grande received scores of slaves imported from Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. By 1819, 30 percent of Porto Alegre’s population were slaves. As the city grew, daily conflicts between slaves and the police and maroon activity became a major problem.


Author(s):  
Adelina MEZZARI

In order to evaluate the distribution of dermatophytes in Porto Alegre, the capital of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, they were isolated from the skin, hairs and nails samples and retrospectively analyzed from June 1981 to June 1995, in two different institutions in the city of Porto Alegre: (i) the Serviço de Micologia do Instituto de Pesquisas Biológicas Jandyr Maya Faillace, da Secretaria de Saúde e Meio Ambiente do Rio Grande do Sul which attends the low income population (low and middle classes) and, (ii) Laboratório Weinmann, a clinical pathology laboratory which attends predominantly the higher income population (middle and upper classes), both which attend in the metropolitan area of Porto Alegre. The dermatophyte predominance of Trichophyton rubrum was confirmed (55.33%) followed by T. mentagrophytes (21.46%). The data obtained were compared with the existing prevalence data which were collected in the interior of the state over a period of 32 years (1960-1992). T. verrucosum, T. simii, Microsporum persicolor, T. schöenleinii, M. nanum and M. cookei were isolated in the interior and have not been found in the capital so far. On the other side, T. violaceum was, isolated in the capital and has not been found in the interior so far.


2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4 suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
C. Schemes ◽  
D. Castilhos-Araujo ◽  
M. Lima-Magalhães

This article presents a reflection on the past and current history, uses, and significance of the Luiz Rau creek to the municipality of Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul. Its waters have always been important to the region, quenching the thirst of the local population and their livestock and providing venues for shared social interactions, but also as a destination for municipal industrial and household waste, which has polluted the waters of the creek. Our primary objective is to present and discuss these aspects with the purpose of elucidating the historical importance of this watercourse to the city of Novo Hamburgo. Toward that end, we conducted an exploratory survey to obtain the necessary inputs for such a discussion. We also employed texts from the now-defunct Jornal 5 de Abril and from Jornal NH, the highest-circulating newspaper in the region, to illustrate some situations experienced by the community. We found that municipal waste continues to be dumped into the creek, which has made it rather unloved by the local residents, but it remains firmly present in their daily lives.


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