scholarly journals Regulaciones, políticas y conflictos por agroquímicos en Salta, Argentina

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
Mariana Andrea Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Social Characteristics ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Indigenous Production ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Pampas Region

La consolidación del agronegocio en Argentina, desde finales del siglo XX, puede analizarse en sus múltiples y diversas consecuencias: impactos ambientales por la deforestación de bosques nativos; conflictividad social por la expulsión y destrucción de los modos de producción y reproducción de la vida campesina e indígena; efectos en la salud por la exposición a plaguicidas, entre los principales. A partir de fuentes de datos secundarias y de entrevistas en profundidad, el artículo busca aportar al entendimiento de las consecuencias ambientales y sanitarias ligadas al uso de agroquímicos en Salta, provincia del norte argentino que en años recientes incorporó amplias superficies a la producción agroindustrial. Se realiza una caracterización y análisis crítico de las normativas y políticas públicas en la materia, así como de las situaciones de conflicto. Los principales hallazgos muestran que en Salta existen leyes específicas que regulan el uso de agroquímicos y cierta institucionalidad destinada a su implementación y control. No obstante, el estudio releva una multiplicidad de situaciones que dan cuenta de la emergencia y trayectoria de conflictos que, con diverso grado de visibilidad e intensidad, problematizan los efectos en la salud humana y en los ecosistemas en las escalas locales.   Abstract The consolidation of agribusiness in Argentina since the end of the 20th century can be analyzed in its multiple and diverse consequences: environmental impacts due to the deforestation of native forests; social conflict over the forcing out and destruction of rural and indigenous production and reproduction methods; health effects since exposure to pesticides, among the main ones. Based on secondary information sources and in-depth interviews, the article aims to contribute to the understanding of the environmental and sanitary impacts linked to fumigation with agrochemicals in Salta, a province of northern Argentina which in recent years has incorporated large areas into agricultural production and presents ecological and social characteristics that differ from the Pampas region. This research focuses on a critical characterization and analysis of the regulatory frameworks and public policies on that matter, as well as in a survey related to conflicts. The main findings show that in Salta different legal frameworks regulate the use of agrochemicals, while state agencies are meant to implement and monitor such regulations. However, the study compiles numerous situations that illustrate the emergence and path of certain conflicts that, with varying levels of visibility and intensity, problematize the effects on human health and ecosystems at the local levels.

scholarly journals Collaborative governance and watershed management in biosphere reserves in Brazil and Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Maria Inês Paes Ferreira ◽  
Pamela Shaw ◽  
Graham Kenneth Sakaki ◽  
Taylor Alexander ◽  
Jade Golzio Barqueta Donnini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Biosphere Reserves ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Watershed Protection ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Watershed Governance ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Participatory Observation ◽  
Multiple Jurisdictions

Water management within vulnerable ecosystems managed by multiple jurisdictions can be very complex. This study compares regulatory environments and deconstructs the approaches used for watershed governance and environmental management inside two UNESCO’s Biosphere Reserves to identify possible transferability between the two management entities. Three methodological approaches were applied: participatory observation, in-depth interviews of key informants, and document research. We concluded that while there are differences between the regulatory frameworks and localized practices, at a foundational level the goals and desired outcomes relating to environmental protection are not dependent on location, but mainly on the integration and the establishment of common objectives among the diverse social actors involved in the management and from the interaction between different organisms of social control. Additionally, there are elements in the application of regulations and practices in both locales that could be transferred to other jurisdictions interested in addressing watershed protection in vulnerable ecosystems governed by multiple jurisdictions.

scholarly journals Legal-regulatory frameworks to establish libraries activity of the War Office

Bibliosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 32-49
Author(s):  
A. M. Panchenko
Keyword(s):  
Military Training ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
War Department ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
District Management ◽  
Training Schools ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units

The article considers legal-regulatory frameworks for military libraries different types. Their creation was carried out by the War Office formed in 1802; this fact gave grounds to attribute its book collections to the departmental libraries category. The military administration activity to establish and improve legal frameworks for these libraries is presented. Fundamental documents contributed to military librarianship history are represented and analyzed. The analysis of legal documents for military libraries arrangement permits to conclude: in the first half of the XIX century a reason of their misery was the lack of legislative frameworks, in the second half of the XX century the military department developed legal frameworks that covered all aspects of the various type libraries life and activities. The introduction of the military district management system led to creation of libraries in headquarters and offices of military districts, garrison officers' meetings with libraries; improved the organizational-financial position of military units and institutions libraries. Reorganizing the Military Ministry control organs took place along with the reform of the local military offices. Main documents regulated their activities were the following: Regulation «On the officers’ libraries establishment in the Corps of Engineers» 1838, «Regulations on officers’ libraries in the Corps of Military Engineers» 1863 and 1889, «The Charter of military meetings» 1874, «Regulations on officers' meetings in certain regiments» 1884, «The instruction on the libraries content of military-educational institutions subordinated to their Chief Governance» 1882, «The charter of internal service», orders of the military authorities, circulars of the General Staff, positions on the military training schools, orders and circulars of the War Department Chief Governances, military district commanders, orders and directions of military units and commanders, private rules, statutes, regulations, instructions of military libraries. Adopted legal instruments united military libraries of various types into a united system of military librarianship.

scholarly journals Power Relation and White-Collar Crime: Case Study of Coastal Reclamation in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1647-1662
Author(s):  
Dedy Anung Kurniawan ◽  
Mohammad Kemal Dermawan ◽  
Arthur Josias Simon Runtrambi
Keyword(s):  
White Collar Crime ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Power Relation ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Crime Theory ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Coastal Reclamation ◽  
Depth Interviews

This research aims to understand the power relation and white-collar crime on managing the coastal reclamation and its implication in Indonesia that is very significant at the ontological and sociological level. The problem is very interesting to be analyzed by conducting a qualitative research method based on power theory and crime theory. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation related to coastal reclamation and its implication in Indonesia. Data were analyzed by using interactive models are data reduction, data display, data verification, and supported by triangulation. The results were based on ontological and sociological levels using criminology perspective for understanding the coastal reclamation and its implication in Indonesia that are needed for providing information to stakeholders related to the regulations and sanctions. This result provides inputs for making better regulation on coastal reclamation policy in Indonesia for state agencies as public officials and practitioners.

scholarly journals The Municipality’s Role in a Smart Internet of Things Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Public Services ◽  
City Development ◽  
Internal Management ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Do So

This article explores how municipalities plan and utilize Internet of Things (IoT) for smart city development, as well as how they collaborate with actors in the IoT-ecosystem. To do so, in-depth interviews and secondary information are collected from municipalities in Norway. Overall, the empirical findings confirm that IoT has the potential to make municipalities smarter by improving public services, efficiency of internal management and service delivery. The findings form this study is novel and can help executives to gain practical insight into the theory-heavy subject of smart city development in small and medium sized municipalities

scholarly journals Protecting Civil Rights Amidst Rising Illiberalism in Indonesia’s Democracy: State’s Response to Sharia-Based Violence Against Shi’a Groups

ULUMUNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-319
Author(s):  
M Khusna Amal
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article examines the local government and state representation in response to religious violence against Shi’a minority groups. Intensive scholarly debates on this issue have ignited, especially on what made the government showed an exclusive response to religious violence. Scholars have argued that state agencies commonly tend to take a safe position though no contradictory policies that please conservative groups. This research was conducted through six-month fieldwork in Bondowoso regency, East Java province, in 2017 and 2018. The data was collected through ethnography and in-depth interviews with relevant sources. In this study, I argue that not all government agencies respond exclusively to violence against minority communities. Through a case study on Sunni-Shi'a tension in Bondowoso, East Java, this study reveals that the local government showed inclusive attitudes to protect the rights of Shi'a adherents to practice their faiths. Such responses are aimed to maintain well-developed plurality, harmony, and civil rights for minority citizens of Bondowoso. This study confirms that inclusive local state officials become the critical factor to the sustainability of human rights, religious freedom for the minority and democratization.

scholarly journals Exploring effectiveness of different health financing mechanisms in Nigeria; what needs to change and how can it happen?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obinna Onwujekwe ◽  
Nkoli Ezumah ◽  
Chinyere Mbachu ◽  
Felix Obi ◽  
Hyacinth Ichoku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Social Health Insurance ◽  
Health Financing ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Abstract Background Various attempts to examine health financing mechanisms in Nigeria highlight the fact that there is no single mechanism that fits all contexts and people. This paper sets out findings of an in-depth assessment of different health financing mechanisms in Nigeria. Methods The study was undertaken in the Federal Capital territory of Nigeria and two States (Niger and Kaduna). Data were collected through review of government documents, and in-depth interviews of purposively selected respondents. Data analysis was guided by a conceptual framework which draws from various approaches for assessing health financing mechanisms. Data was examined for current practices, what needs to change and how the change can happen. Results Health financing mechanisms in Nigeria do not operate optimally. Allocation and use of resources are neither evidence-based nor results-driven. Resources are not allocated equitably or in a manner that minimizes wastage and improves efficiency. None of the mechanisms effectively protects individuals/households from catastrophic health expenditure. Issues with social health insurance cut across legal frameworks and use of Health Maintenance Organisations (HMOs) as purchasers. The concomitant effect is that attainment of Universal Health Coverage is greatly compromised. In order to improve efficiency of health financing mechanisms, government needs to allocate more funds for purchasing health services; this spending must be based on evidence (strategic), and appropriately tracked. The legislation that established National Health Insurance Scheme should be amended such that social health insurance becomes mandatory for all citizens. Implementation of the latter should be complemented by revision of benefit package, strict oversight and regulation of HMOs. Conclusion In order to improve health financing in the country, legal and regulatory frameworks need to be revised. Efficient utilization of resources could be improved through strategic purchasing arrangements and strict oversight.

scholarly journals Nodal Farmers’ Motivations for Exchanging Sorghum Seeds in Northwestern Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3708
Author(s):  
Christophe Rodier ◽  
Paul Struik
Keyword(s):  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Seed Exchange ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Exchange Network ◽  
Depth Interviews

One of the main challenges of Ethiopian agriculture is the shortage of certified seeds of improved varieties, which results in uneven dispersal of quality seed amongst farmers. In a context where 80% to 90% of the seed requirement is covered by the informal seed sector, understanding how and why seeds are exchanged through informal channels is crucial. This study aims to describe why nodal farmers disseminate seeds at a higher rate than other farmers in their network. Following a social network analysis, in-depth surveys were conducted with identified nodal and connector sorghum farmers in order to determine the main social characteristics that differentiate them from other farmers in a western lowlands community of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. We examined empirically the main factors that motivate them, the main drawbacks they experience, and the behavioral decisions that could potentially speed up or slow down the adoption of newly released improved varieties of sorghum. The study showed that, in this district, few significant socio-demographic differences exist between nodal and non-nodal farmers. The seed exchange network was hyper localized, as the majority of exchanges took place within village boundaries. Focus group discussions showed that a nodal position should not be taken for granted, as the network is dynamic and in constant evolution. In-depth interviews revealed that it was unlikely for accessing farmers to be consistently denied seeds due to a deeply rooted social norm insisting that one should not, under any circumstances, be turned down when asking for seeds. However, in practice, chronic seed insecure farmers suffering from poor performances may find themselves unable to access quality seeds, as automatic support should not be assumed. In terms of motivation, nodal farmers ranked maintaining friendships and relationships as the two most important. Thus, beyond the risk-sharing mechanism underlying much of the seed exchange, it is a mix of personal and community interests that motivates nodal farmers to have more exchange partners and thus disseminate more seeds on average than other farmers in the seed networks. This indicates that their social capital is the major driver to exchange seeds.

Conclusion

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose-Luis Mendez ◽  
Mauricio I. Dussauge-Laguna
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Strong State ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
State And Local ◽  
State Organizations ◽  
Local Levels

The editors of the book came to the following conclusions. First, the policy analysis field has made significant progress in Mexico but still needs to overcome several important challenges. Second, despite some recent progress, policy analysis is not extensively conducted yet at neither the Executive nor the Legislative federal branches. Third, autonomous agencies, advisory councils and some departments of the federal bureaucracy are able to conduct policy analysis to a greater extent than other state agencies. Fourth, compared to the federal level, policy analysis is much weaker at the state and local levels. Fifth, the lack of a truly functioning merit civil service is one of the main reasons that explain the low policy analysis capacity at all levels and most areas of the Mexican state. Sixth, policy analysis is much weaker across non-state organizations than at state spheres, something that is directly related to the Mexican tradition of strong state presence. Seventh, while policy analysis is conducted to some extent in parties, think thanks, civic and business organizations, it is only scarcely conducted within unions and the mass media. Eight, there seems to be some evidence for a positive relationship between policy analysis and policy influence.

Intrapreneurial ambidexterity: a platform project,Swedish approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1172-1190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thommie Burström ◽  
Timothy L. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Essential Elements ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Project Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Information ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to explore the relationship between projects and intrapreneurial self-renewal activities. In particular,the approach a specific firm has made to renew itself is examined through two lenses commonly used to analyze such efforts – as a platform project and as an intrapreneurship effort based on intrapreneurial ambidexterity. Design/methodology/approach – An in-depth case study was conducted in a manner that the contextually sensitive,empirical research for which Nordic studies are known. The common denominator in these studies is a fascination on the practitioners. In other words,what the project managers say and do are of particular interest. Initially,68 in-depth interviews were performed,which were complemented by observations and secondary information. Findings – The platform project approach recognized chief project managers and requirement managers as essential elements in development. Further,it suggested there was no obvious champion in the project,nor did slack resources appear as a prerequisite. On the other hand,an intrapreneurship insight provided appreciation for the processes that developed for implementation. Practical implications – It is argued that,flagship projects as studied here,in particular,infuse parallel and collective activities since such projects call for significant organizational self-renewal. Originality/value – Intrapreneurship tends to be neglected at the expense of entrepreneurship. This study focuses on the former in a Swedish environment in which a major firm bets its future. Observations are interpreted in terms of both platform project and intrapreneurship concepts. We present and define the concept of intrapreneurial ambidexterity.

scholarly journals Features of a Booming Reproductive Practice: The Medical Process, the Market, the Antecedents, and the Risks

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-37
Author(s):  
Daniela Bandelli
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
The People ◽  
Commercial Transaction ◽  
Assisted Procreation ◽  
Biomedical Technologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Legal Frameworks

AbstractSurrogacy is a social practice aimed at the procreation of human beings through the use of biomedical technologies. It includes the willingness of a woman to carry out a pregnancy and give birth to a child, with whom she has no genetic link, which will be immediately entrusted at birth to the people who wanted and commissioned it, known as the intended parents. A multi-million transnational market has flourished around this kind of arrangement, with the national legal frameworks being very different from each other and constantly changing. The surrogate’s revenue varies considerably from country to country, as does the price that the aspiring parents pay. This chapter aims to introduce readers to the topic by providing the main coordinates of the phenomenon: how the medical-procreative procedure takes place, what the commercial transaction consists of; the history of this market, the similarity of surrogacy with other procreative practices, and the difference with other assisted procreation practices; the variety of regulatory frameworks, the flexibility of the market according to the logic of globalization; the health risks and the inevitability for the child of the fracture with the “environment” in which he began his psychophysical development.

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