scholarly journals Simulation Modeling of Competitive Strategy of Pricing

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-321
Author(s):  
Sergey Sorokin ◽  
Irina Varpaeva ◽  
Ol'ga Grishina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Computational Experiment ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Relationship Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aging Factor

Efficiency of commercial activities depends on many factors. One of the tools to study their influence is mathematical modeling. The goal of the study is to conduct a computational experiment that simulates the dynamics of the supplier’s sales volumes in a competitive environment under various initial conditions. We take into account the possibility of changing the price of products (goods), depending on changes in sales volumes. The limitation of the experiment is the conditions of the local market and the presence of the maximum value of purchasing power within it. To conduct an experiment, it is necessary to solve the following tasks: to find out the impact of sales volumes changes caused by competition on changes of the price of products (and the price of products must be calculated according to product aging factor); to consider consumers’ preferences, on which “consumer-supplier” relationships are based and to determine the relationship between the pricing models and the model of competing relations of the “supplier-suppliers” type. To achieve this goal, we employed heuristic methods of simulation modeling and the analogy method (universality). Based on simulation modeling and the method of analogies (universality), we developed a mathematical model as a part of a computational experiment. The former simulates the market price of a product and the dynamics of sales volumes of a supplier, which considers correlation between the market price for products (goods) and their aging factor, as well as consumers’ preferences and pricing model and competing relationship model. The application of the mathematical model developed by the authors allows to take into account many interrelated factors that influence the sales dynamics of market participants in real economic situations.

scholarly journals Development of a Mathematical Model for Simulation of Macroalgae Farming in the Coastal Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Abdolmajid Lababpour
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Farming System ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Bandar Abbas ◽  
The Impact

A mathematical model consisting of a system of three coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) was proposed to estimate the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous and macroalgae biomass in coastal open waters. However, some simplifying assumptions were used in the model to cope with the complexity of real conditions. For the macroalgae biomass, the system works as a batch mode, while input and output were accounted for nitrogen and phosphorous. The MATLAB pdepe feature, applying the finite element method was used in model solving and the simulation of model equations. The program was split into four functions that included the solver and post-processing of the results, a function containing the PDEs, a function setting the initial conditions, and one setting the boundary conditions. For model validation, the experimental measurement of nitrogen, phosphorous and macroalgae biomass concentrations of Bandar Abbas coastal open waters were analyzed by standard methods at three depths of 1, 5 and 10 m. The predictive values of the developed model demonstrated its applicability for the management of coastal macroalgae cultivation systems by assessing the impact of nitrogen and phosphorous strategies on the farming system.

scholarly journals The Impact of Agricultural Market Information System in Bosnia & Herzegovina on Market Integration: Assymetric Information and Market Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
Adisa Omerbegovic Arapovic ◽  
Zana Karkin
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Market Performance ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Market Information ◽  
Agricultural Market ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Ict Service ◽  
The Impact

In a perfectly integrated market local demand has no impact on the formation of market price, since changes in local demand cause price equalization in the market through efficient allocation of resources (Pareto efficiency). Information is crucial to market performance and integration as market agents cannot explore arbitrage opportunities in its absence. This paper tests the impact of introduction of agricultural market information system (via SMS service which provides information on prices of agricultural items in different markets) on observed degree of market integration in agro-food market in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), pre and post the service. Degree of market integration is measured as the extent that local demand has on formation of prices in the market pre and post introduction of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) service. The methodology assumed tests the Law of One Price, while taking into account transportation costs and concludes thatintroduction of the ICT service in agro-food market in Bosnia & Herzegovina has increased the level of market integration. It is shown that the impact of the local demand onto formation of the local market price has decreased after the introduction of the ICT service. The results suggest that ICT may have a significant role in tackling information asymmetry and consequently promote market integration. This is a pilot assessment that covered only 16 months of daily price, so for the purpose of drawing conclusions with additional precision, it must be noted that there exists a need to broaden the study further to cover larger period of time.

Abstract TMP70: Simulation Modeling Predicts Actual Patient Transport Rates Following the Implementation of a Prehospital Comprehensive Stroke Center Direct Transport Protocol

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T Richards ◽  
Jane L Holl ◽  
Rebeca Khorzad ◽  
Shyam Prabhakaran
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Simulation Modeling ◽  
Systems Of Care ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
System Level ◽  
Transport Protocol ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Protocol Implementation ◽  
Suspected Stroke ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Implementing emergency medical services (EMS) protocols that incorporate severe stroke screening and direct transport to comprehensive stroke centers (CSCs) has been advocated as a strategy to improve timely stroke care for patients with large vessel occlusion and hemorrhage, but such screening can have important unintended effects on stroke systems of care. Mathematical modeling can estimate the impact of prehospital CSC direct transport protocols, but few models have been evaluated after protocol implementation. Hypothesis: The proportion of patients transported to CSCs versus primary stroke centers (PSCs) in a mathematical model will approximate actual transport rates following implementation of a prehospital CSC direct transport protocol. Methods: A previously reported discrete event data simulation was used to model the proportion of patients with suspected stroke transported directly to CSCs in a large, urban EMS system with 8 CSCs, 24 PSCs, and a single municipal fire-based EMS agency responding to all 9-1-1 calls prior to implementation of a prehospital CSC direct transport protocol in late 2018. Electronic patient care records in which paramedics documented “suspected stroke” were included for analysis. The proportion of patients transported to CSCs versus PSCs in the 3 months (92 days) prior to and following protocol implementation were compared using Fisher’s exact test in Stata 12.1 (College Station, TX). Results: The simulation predicted that the proportion of patients transported to CSCs would increase by 8.3% following implementation of a prehospital CSC direct transport protocol. In the 3 months prior to protocol implementation, 247 of 872 (28.3%) suspected stroke patients were transported to CSCs, and 265 of 701 (37.8%) were transported to CSCs in the 3 months following implementation, a difference of 9.5% (p<0.001). The model underestimated the proportion of patients transported to CSCs by 1.2%. Conclusions: A mathematical model simulating the proportion of patients transported to CSCs differed by only 1.2% compared to actual rates after implementation of a prehospital CSC direct transport protocol. Simulation modeling holds promise for estimating system-level effects prior to EMS protocol implementation.

The Impact of Light Polarisation on Light Field of Scenes with Multiple Reflections

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. Budak ◽  
Anton V. Grimaylo
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Light Field ◽  
Global Illumination ◽  
Multiple Reflections ◽  
Software Environment ◽  
The Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Mueller Matrices ◽  
Volume Integration ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the role of polarisation in calculation of multiple reflections. A mathematical model of multiple reflections based on the Stokes vector for beam description and Mueller matrices for description of surface properties is presented. On the basis of this model, the global illumination equation is generalised for the polarisation case and is resolved into volume integration. This allows us to obtain an expression for the Monte Carlo method local estimates and to use them for evaluation of light distribution in the scene with consideration of polarisation. The obtained mathematical model was implemented in the software environment using the example of a scene with its surfaces having both diffuse and regular components of reflection. The results presented in the article show that the calculation difference may reach 30 % when polarisation is taken into consideration as compared to standard modelling.

Analyzing the Impact of Healthy Behavior on Weight Change with a Provable Mathematical Model (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayan Chatterjee ◽  
Ram Bajpai ◽  
Pankaj Khatiwada
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Negative Behavior ◽  
Healthy Behavior ◽  
Healthy Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Diseases ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Lifestyle diseases are the primary cause of death worldwide. The gradual growth of negative behavior in humans due to physical inactivity, unhealthy habit, and improper nutrition expedites lifestyle diseases. In this study, we develop a mathematical model to analyze the impact of regular physical activity, healthy habits, and a proper diet on weight change, targeting obesity as a case study. Followed by, we design an algorithm for the verification of the proposed mathematical model with simulated data of artificial participants. OBJECTIVE This study intends to analyze the effect of healthy behavior (physical activity, healthy habits, and proper dietary pattern) on weight change with a proposed mathematical model and its verification with an algorithm where personalized habits are designed to change dynamically based on the rule. METHODS We developed a weight-change mathematical model as a function of activity, habit, and nutrition with the first law of thermodynamics, basal metabolic rate (BMR), total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), and body-mass-index (BMI) to establish a relationship between health behavior and weight change. Followed by, we verified the model with simulated data. RESULTS The proposed provable mathematical model showed a strong relationship between health behavior and weight change. We verified the mathematical model with the proposed algorithm using simulated data following the necessary constraints. The adoption of BMR and TDEE calculation following Harris-Benedict’s equation has increased the model's accuracy under defined settings. CONCLUSIONS This study helped us understand the impact of healthy behavior on obesity and overweight with numeric implications and the importance of adopting a healthy lifestyle abstaining from negative behavior change.

scholarly journals Nanofluid flow containing carbon nanotubes with quartic autocatalytic chemical reaction and Thompson and Troian slip at the boundary

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramzan ◽  
Jae Dong Chung ◽  
Seifedine Kadry ◽  
Yu-Ming Chu ◽  
Muhammad Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Slip Velocity ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Surface Drag ◽  
Nanofluid Flow ◽  
Velocity Parameter ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A mathematical model is envisioned to discourse the impact of Thompson and Troian slip boundary in the carbon nanotubes suspended nanofluid flow near a stagnation point along an expanding/contracting surface. The water is considered as a base fluid and both types of carbon nanotubes i.e., single-wall (SWCNTs) and multi-wall (MWCNTs) are considered. The flow is taken in a Dacry-Forchheimer porous media amalgamated with quartic autocatalysis chemical reaction. Additional impacts added to the novelty of the mathematical model are the heat generation/absorption and buoyancy effect. The dimensionless variables led the envisaged mathematical model to a physical problem. The numerical solution is then found by engaging MATLAB built-in bvp4c function for non-dimensional velocity, temperature, and homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. The validation of the proposed mathematical model is ascertained by comparing it with a published article in limiting case. An excellent consensus is accomplished in this regard. The behavior of numerous dimensionless flow variables including solid volume fraction, inertia coefficient, velocity ratio parameter, porosity parameter, slip velocity parameter, magnetic parameter, Schmidt number, and strength of homogeneous/heterogeneous reaction parameters are portrayed via graphical illustrations. Computational iterations for surface drag force are tabulated to analyze the impacts at the stretched surface. It is witnessed that the slip velocity parameter enhances the fluid stream velocity and diminishes the surface drag force. Furthermore, the concentration of the nanofluid flow is augmented for higher estimates of quartic autocatalysis chemical.

scholarly journals On Kaufmann's theory of the impact of the pianoforte hammer

1920 ◽  
Vol 97 (682) ◽  
pp. 99-110 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Infinite Length ◽  
Modes Of Vibration ◽  
Rigorous Treatment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

The theory of the vibrations of the pianoforte string put forward by Kaufmann in a well-known paper has figured prominently in recent discussions on the acoustics of this instrument. It proceeds on lines radically different from those adopted by Helmholtz in his classical treatment of the subject. While recognising that the elasticity of the pianoforte hammer is not a negligible factor, Kaufmann set out to simplify the mathematical analysis by ignoring its effect altogether, and treating the hammer as a particle possessing only inertia without spring. The motion of the string following the impact of the hammer is found from the initial conditions and from the functional solutions of the equation of wave-propagation on the string. On this basis he gave a rigorous treatment of two cases: (1) a particle impinging on a stretched string of infinite length, and (2) a particle impinging on the centre of a finite string, neither of which cases is of much interest from an acoustical point of view. The case of practical importance treated by him is that in which a particle impinges on the string near one end. For this case, he gave only an approximate theory from which the duration of contact, the motion of the point struck, and the form of the vibration-curves for various points of the string could be found. There can be no doubt of the importance of Kaufmann’s work, and it naturally becomes necessary to extend and revise his theory in various directions. In several respects, the theory awaits fuller development, especially as regards the harmonic analysis of the modes of vibration set up by impact, and the detailed discussion of the influence of the elasticity of the hammer and of varying velocities of impact. Apart from these points, the question arises whether the approximate method used by Kaufmann is sufficiently accurate for practical purposes, and whether it may be regarded as applicable when, as in the pianoforte, the point struck is distant one-eighth or one-ninth of the length of the string from one end. Kaufmann’s treatment is practically based on the assumption that the part of the string between the end and the point struck remains straight as long as the hammer and string remain in contact. Primâ facie , it is clear that this assumption would introduce error when the part of the string under reference is an appreciable fraction of the whole. For the effect of the impact would obviously be to excite the vibrations of this portion of the string, which continue so long as the hammer is in contact, and would also influence the mode of vibration of the string as a whole when the hammer loses contact. A mathematical theory which is not subject to this error, and which is applicable for any position of the striking point, thus seems called for.

scholarly journals A Rational Numerical Method for Simulation of Drop-Impact Dynamics of Oleo-Pneumatic Landing Gear

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4136
Author(s):  
Rosario Pecora
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Method ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Landing Gear ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Impact Dynamics ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Adopted Model ◽  
The Impact

Oleo-pneumatic landing gear is a complex mechanical system conceived to efficiently absorb and dissipate an aircraft’s kinetic energy at touchdown, thus reducing the impact load and acceleration transmitted to the airframe. Due to its significant influence on ground loads, this system is generally designed in parallel with the main structural components of the aircraft, such as the fuselage and wings. Robust numerical models for simulating landing gear impact dynamics are essential from the preliminary design stage in order to properly assess aircraft configuration and structural arrangements. Finite element (FE) analysis is a viable solution for supporting the design. However, regarding the oleo-pneumatic struts, FE-based simulation may become unpractical, since detailed models are required to obtain reliable results. Moreover, FE models could not be very versatile for accommodating the many design updates that usually occur at the beginning of the landing gear project or during the layout optimization process. In this work, a numerical method for simulating oleo-pneumatic landing gear drop dynamics is presented. To effectively support both the preliminary and advanced design of landing gear units, the proposed simulation approach rationally balances the level of sophistication of the adopted model with the need for accurate results. Although based on a formulation assuming only four state variables for the description of landing gear dynamics, the approach successfully accounts for all the relevant forces that arise during the drop and their influence on landing gear motion. A set of intercommunicating routines was implemented in MATLAB® environment to integrate the dynamic impact equations, starting from user-defined initial conditions and general parameters related to the geometric and structural configuration of the landing gear. The tool was then used to simulate a drop test of a reference landing gear, and the obtained results were successfully validated against available experimental data.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of delaying vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 assuming unlimited vaccine supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background At the moment we have more than 177 million cases and 3.8 million deaths (as of June 2021) around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far. Methods We propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the number of cases and deaths due to the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations. Results The model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths will occur by the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithmic fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole. Conclusions Our model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

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