scholarly journals On electromagnetic radiation of individual charges

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Igor Popov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Scalar Product ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Coulomb Interactions ◽  
Proved Theorem ◽  
Tangential Acceleration ◽  
Work Done

The aim of the study is to establish the conditions for synchrotron radiation based on significant differences between tangential and centripetal accelerations of electric charges. From the fact that electromagnetic radiation carries away energy, it follows that the energy of the radiating system changes during radiation. Related to this is the following well-known rule: a change in energy is equal to work done. Three relevant theorems are proved. Theorem 1 states that a tangentially accelerated electric charge emits electromagnetic waves. Theorem 2 states that a normally accelerated electric charge does not emit electromagnetic waves. It is a well-known circumstance that the centripetal force does not perform work (since the scalar product of orthogonal vectors must be equal to zero). The proofs of Theorems 1 and 2 are performed in terms of forces. For electric charges, the transition to the terms of accelerations is carried out in accordance with Theorem 3which states that an electric charge satisfies Newton's second law. The tangential acceleration of an electric charge leads to the emission of electromagnetic waves. Generalization of the phenomenon of radiation to acceleration in general, including. normal charge acceleration, is false. The cause of synchrotron radiation should be sought in the tangential acceleration due to Coulomb interactions between the beam charges.

ENERGY OF ELECTRIC CHARGE RADIATION AND ITS EFFECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
V.D. PAVLOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electric Charge ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Circular Path ◽  
Proved Theorem ◽  
Centripetal Acceleration ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Accelerated Charge

It is believed that an electric charge moving along a circular path, i.e. with centripetal acceleration, it is necessary to emit electromagnetic waves. This applies, inter alia, to cyclotron radiation. The purpose of the work is to establish the conditions for the radiation of an electric charge, based on the significant differences between its tangential and centripetal accelerations. The relevance of the work is determined by the widespread use of devices that generate electromagnetic radiation due to the acceleration of electric charges, including X-ray units and magnetrons. The starting point is a credible statement. A number of mathematically correct transformations are performed with it. Therefore, the result is necessarily reliable. Sad experience shows that this logic is not available for many specialists. In the event that such a necessary reliable result contradicts the existing paradigm, preference is almost always given to the paradigm, regardless of the persuasiveness of the evidence. This circumstance is an almost insurmountable obstacle to obtaining new knowledge. After all, if it does not contradict the paradigm, then it is not new and does not represent any value. Electromagnetic radiation carries away energy. It follows from this that the energy of the radiating system changes during radiation. Associated with this is the well-known rule: the change in energy is equal to the perfect work. Four theorems are proved. Theorem 1. A tangentially accelerated charge emits electromagnetic waves. Theorem 2. A normally accelerated charge does not emit electromagnetic waves. Theorem 2 formalizes a circumstance well-known in mechanics that the centripetal force does not perform work (since the scalar product of orthogonal vectors must be zero). Theorem 3. Electric charge satisfies Newton's second law. When a hydrogen-like atom passes from one stationary state to another, the orbital angular momentum changes. The difference is attributed to a photon and is called the photon's spin. Theorem 4. The spin of a photon is zero. The defect in the angular momentum of an atom during radiation can easily be attributed to the nucleus of an atom and even to an electron.

scholarly journals Preventive measures to reduce harmful effects produced by electromagnetic radiation on health

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Y. Stein ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Thermal Safety ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Safety Standards

Man-made electromagnetic waves are the most widely and rapidly expanding exposure in today's world, including exposure in several frequency groups: extremely low frequencies (ELF) from electricity lines, hybrid car batteries and high power lines (>3 Hz–3 kHz), radiofrequency (RF) and microwave frequencies including millimeter waves (3 kHz–300 GHz) from mobile phones, towers, base stations and wireless devices, and intermediate frequencies "Dirty Electricity" emitted from power lines. While such organizations as ICNIRP (the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) still continue to claim that electromagnetic radiation can cause "only thermal effects", clinging to theory that does not match facts and upholding obsolete thermal safety standards, extensive scientific evidence has clearly demonstrated that non-thermal health effects produced by electromagnetic radiation do exist, are important to health, and should be taken into consideration when safety standards are set. This review aims to highlight some evidence of biologic effects in various body systems, and to suggest preventive measures to reduce such effects on health. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation at intensities lower than thermal safety standards has been associated with non-thermal biological effects including damage and changes to cells and DNA. This review presents evidence of such effects demonstrated in: the hematologic system, the nervous system, the immune system, the reproductive system, the skin and muscles, the cardiovascular system, glucose metabolism, and Electrohypersensitivity ("Microwave sickness"). Protective measures are then suggested to reduce these effects.

Determination of the velocity of short electromagnetic waves by interferometry

1952 ◽  
Vol 213 (1112) ◽  
pp. 123-141 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Velocity ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Free Space ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Wave Beam ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Wave Frequency ◽  
Space Wave

A new measurement of the velocity of electromagnetic radiation is described. The result has been obtained, using micro-waves at a frequency of 24005 Mc/s ( λ = 1∙25 cm), with a form of interferometer which enables the free-space wave-length to be evaluated. Since the micro-wave frequency can also be ascertained, phase velocity is calculated from the product of frequency and wave-length. The most important aspect of the experiment is the application to the measured wave-length of a correction which arises from diffraction of the micro-wave beam. This correction is new to interferometry and is discussed in detail. The result obtained for the velocity, reduced to vacuum conditions, is c 0 = 299792∙6 ± 0∙7 km/s.

Hippocampal Oxidative Stress Induced by Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation and the Neuroprotective Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Rats: A Randomized Control Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Mina Rasouli Mojez ◽  
Abbas Ali Gaeini ◽  
Siroos Choobineh ◽  
Mohsen Sheykhlouvand
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation

Background: The present study determined whether 4 weeks of moderate aerobic exercise improves antioxidant capacity on the brain of rats against oxidative stress caused by radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation emitted from cell phones. Methods: Responses of malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as the number of hippocampal dead cells, were examined. Male Wistar rats (10–12 wk old) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (N = 8): (1) moderate aerobic exercise (EXE) (2 × 15–30 min at 1215 m/min speed with 5 min of active recovery between sets), (2) exposure to 900/1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic waves 3 hours per day (RAD), (3) EXE + RAD, and (4) exposure to an experimental phone without battery. Results: Following the exposure, the number of the hippocampal dead cells was significantly higher in group RAD compared with groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group. Malondialdehyde concentration in group RAD was significantly higher than that of groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group. Also, the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in groups EXE, EXE + RAD, and control group was significantly higher compared with those of the exposure group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that moderate aerobic exercise enhances hippocampal antioxidant capacity against oxidative challenge in the form of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves.

4. Windows in the sky

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Geoff Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Transverse Waves ◽  
The Universe

The atmosphere influences much of what can be seen through a telescope. Most of the atmosphere lies within 16 km from the Earth’s surface. Further out, the air becomes thinner until it merges with outer space. In the ionosphere—a layer 75–1000 km high—neutral atoms are ionized by solar radiation and high-energy cosmic ray particles arriving from distant parts of the Universe. ‘Windows in the sky’ explains electromagnetic radiation and the electromagnetic spectrum from gamma rays through to visible light and radio waves. Electromagnetic waves are transverse waves that can be polarized. The atmosphere acts as a filter and blocks cosmic electromagnetic radiation. Atmospheric turbulence distorts starlight resulting in ‘twinkling’ stars.

scholarly journals MieLab: A Software Tool to Perform Calculations on the Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves by Multilayered Spheres

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ovidio Peña-Rodríguez ◽  
Pedro Pablo González Pérez ◽  
Umapada Pal
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Virtual Laboratory ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
The Third ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Architectural Model ◽  
Friendly Graphical User Interface

In this paper, we present MieLab, a free computational package for simulating the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by multilayered spheres or an ensemble of particles with normal size distribution. It has been designed as a virtual laboratory, including a friendly graphical user interface (GUI), an optimization algorithm (to fit the simulations to experimental results) and scripting capabilities. The paper is structured in five different sections: the introduction is a perspective on the importance of the software for the study of scattering of light scattering. In the second section, various approaches used for modeling the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by small particles are discussed. The third and fourth sections are devoted to provide an overview of MieLab and to describe the main features of its architectural model and functional behavior, respectively. Finally, several examples are provided to illustrate the main characteristics of the software.

scholarly journals Electromagnetic radiation of oscillating thin films

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Kharlanov
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Dimensional Cell

This paper deals with the electromagnetic fields generated by charges moving with the membrane. The numerical simulation of electromagnetic radiation of oscillating three-dimensional cell it is carried out. The issues of cell group radiation are also considered. Dependences of the field on distance and time are presented. A hypothesis about possible exchange of information between cells by means of electromagnetic waves is made.

scholarly journals Do Electromagnetic Waves Exist in a Short Cable at Low Frequencies? What Does Physics Say?

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Pu Chen ◽  
Laszlo B. Kish ◽  
Claes-Göran Granqvist ◽  
Gabor Schmera
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Detailed Balance ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Blackbody Radiation ◽  
Second Law ◽  
Johnson Noise ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Equipartition Theorem ◽  
Energy Equipartition ◽  
Simulation Results

We refute a physical model, recently proposed by Gunn, Allison and Abbott (GAA) [ http://arxiv.org/pdf/1402.2709v2.pdf ], to utilize electromagnetic waves for eavesdropping on the Kirchhoff-law–Johnson-noise (KLJN) secure key distribution. Their model, and its theoretical underpinnings, is found to be fundamentally flawed because their assumption of electromagnetic waves violates not only the wave equation but also the second law of thermodynamics, the principle of detailed balance, Boltzmann's energy equipartition theorem, and Planck's formula by implying infinitely strong blackbody radiation. We deduce the correct mathematical model of the GAA scheme, which is based on impedances at the quasi-static limit. Mathematical analysis and simulation results confirm our approach and prove that GAA's experimental interpretation is incorrect too.

A Study on the Anti-Electromagnetic Radiation Performance of Fabric with Silver-Plated Fibers

2011 ◽  
Vol 332-334 ◽  
pp. 878-881
Author(s):  
Hong Xia Zhang ◽  
Xian Xian Wu ◽  
Rong Tao ◽  
Li Jia Shi ◽  
Cheng Yan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Radiation Property ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Better Than

In order to study on the anti-electromagnetic radiation performance of fabrics with silver-plated fibers, five sets of samples with polyester DTY and silver-plated nylon filament were manufactured for the experiment. The anti-electromagnetic radiation property of fabrics was tested with Flange coaxial method. The influence of different silver-plated fiber contents on the anti-electromagnetic radiation performance of fabrics was analyzed in this paper. The experimental results show that when silver-plated fibers are distributed by a network, anti-electromagnetic radiation performance of fabrics is better than that the silver-plated fibers are distributed only along the warp in fabrics. Meanwhile, the anti-electromagnetic radiation performance of fabrics improves as the increasing of the silver-plated fibers content. The anti-electromagnetic radiation performance of fabrics increases slowly when silver-plated fibers content is from 40% to 80%. The shielding effectiveness of fabrics for 10MHz~1000MHz electromagnetic waves increases not obviously when silver-plated fibers content is more than 80%, but that for 3000MHz is still rising. The anti-electromagnetic radiation performance of fabrics is the best when silver-plated fibers content reaches to 100%.

Study of photobiomodulation effects with violet-blue and red light in experimental oncogenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 618-623
Author(s):  
Evgeniya S. Zhukova ◽  
Tatiana G. Shcherbatyuk ◽  
Arseniy L. Potapov ◽  
Irina A. Chernigina ◽  
Vladimir V. Chernov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Free Radical Processes ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Radical Processes

Introduction. There is still an open question about the limits of medical use of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation of the optical range in tumor growth due to the risk of increased proliferation of tumor cells. The conditions under which the tumor process is stimulated, as well as the mechanisms of photobiomodulation in oncological pathology, remain unclear. The aim of the study - in vitro evaluation and comparison of the effect of low-intensity electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths of 400, 460 and 660 nm on the activity of free-radical processes in tumor tissue and blood in normal and growing experimental neoplasia. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on biological material obtained from white non-linear rats intact and with subcutaneously transplanted cholangiocellular cancer MS-1. The sources of low-intensity radiation with wavelengths of 400, 460 and 660 nm were led generators. The content of hemoglobin, the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, changes in the overall level of free radical processes and antioxidant activity by induced chemiluminescence, and DNA damage by the method of DNA comets were studied. Data analysis was performed using nonparametric statistics methods. Results. The multidirectional effect of radiation with wavelengths of 400, 460 and 660 nm on free-radical homeostasis indicators at the early and late stages of tumor growth, as well as the dependence of biological effects on the wavelength of radiation, was found. Conclusions. The results obtained allow making a number of assumptions about the mechanisms of action of the optical electromagnetic waves on tumor growth, modulating free radical processes in the tumor-bearing organism.

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