Philosophical and Biomedical Foundations of Personalized Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-1) ◽  
pp. 134-151
Author(s):  
Svetlana Khmelevskaya ◽  
◽  
Elena Ocheredko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The subject of the research is the philosophical (ontological, epistemological, philosophical-anthropological and social-philosophical) foundations of personalized medicine, the biomedical foundations of which are methods of therapy and prevention of diseases based on the individual characteristics of the patient. The authors highlight the preventive nature of personalized medicine - to prevent the patient's diseases based on certain diagnostic methods and using a system of preventive measures, as well as its focus on improving the effectiveness of treatment for a specific patient. The value of personalized medicine is that it allows to determine precisely the causes of a particular disease or to assess a person's predisposition to certain diseases, to apply preventive measures to minimize the risks of diseases; to use personalized methods of treatment and correction of the conditions of a particular patient, as well as biomarkers for monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. The philosophical foundations of personalized medicine, on the one hand, contain certain philosophical attitudes related to medicine in general, and on the other hand, reflect specific features determined by new technologies that modern medicine possesses. In particular, the article points to a change in the concept of personalization in connection with the disclosure of its content at the genomic level. The authors emphasize that personalized medicine raises a number of new problems of a philosophical nature: the approach to a person as a set of data about his or her body, the possible increase in social inequality due to the lack of general availability of the results of personalized medicine, and so on. The article substantiates the idea that improving and reducing the cost of sequencing technologies will help make new methods of treating diseases more accessible to the general population. Further personification of medicine will occur due to obtaining more and more objective information about patients, increasing the number of subgroups in the typology of patients, offering them variable methods of treatment, as well as due to the increasing involvement of a patient in the treatment processes, based on a better understanding of his/her “existential presence analytics”.

scholarly journals PERSONALIZED MEDICINE: CURRENT SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (88) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
M. V. Khajtovych
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Selective Exposure ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Life Predictions

Summary. Personalized medicine it is a model of health care based on a selection of diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive means taking into account the genetic, physiological, biochemical and other features of the patient. Personalized medicine new branch of modern medicine, in which developed and applied treatments, “tailored” specifically for the individual patient. Areas of application of personalized medicine in modern terms: the transition from traditional to personalized clinical diagnosis of the disease based on individual patient parameters, including using different molecular biomarkers nature, and save biomaterial throughout his life; predictions based on genomic data likelihood of a disease with the development of individual preventive scheme; identification of potential pharmacotherapeutic targets for selective exposure at the initial stage of the pathological process; choice of treatment strategy tailored to the individual patient parameters; monitoring of treatment using biomarkers. Strengthening the role of clinical pharmacology and create genetically informed personalized medicine algorithms increase the efficiency and safety of pharmacotherapy. New technologies make it possible to clarify the causes adverse side effects at the genetic level, prevent, reduce treatment costs and significantly enhance its security and therefore implementation of these approaches in the long run will contribute to significant savings.

scholarly journals Developing Conflict Management Skills in Municipal Employees: a Sociological Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-481
Author(s):  
Aleksey Shilikov
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Municipal Employees ◽  
Draft Resolution ◽  
The Individual

The article introduces a sociological survey that featured the development of conflict management skills in municipal employees of the Belgorod region. The methods involved a questionnaire survey and a semi-structured interview of Belgorod municipal authorities, teaching staff of the Higher School of Management of the Belgorod State University, and employees of the Institute of Regional Personnel Policy of Belgorod. The reasons behind the conflicts were divided into those caused by the specifics of the municipal service, the peculiarities of team relations, and the individual characteristics of a municipal employee. The results of the study can improve the practical work of municipal personnel departments or be used in teaching sociological disciplines. Further study is required to develop diagnostic methods to identify the conflict management skills in municipal officials, collect information, define conditions and patterns of development, draft resolution procedures, etc.

scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC-PRACTICAL AND LEGAL PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PERSONALIZED MEDICINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-233
Author(s):  
N O Bezdieniezhnykh ◽  
V V Reznikova ◽  
O V Rossylna
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Healthcare It ◽  
Scientific Practical ◽  
Selection Of

The article is devoted to the comprehensive analysis of scientific, practical and legal issues of personalized medicine that is a rapidly developing science-driven approach to healthcare. It is concluded that there is lack of general legal framework for the encouragement of scientific researches and practical implementation in this field. The article shows foreign experience and prospects for the introduction of personalized medicine as a key concept of healthcare system, which is based on a selection of diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive measures that would be the most effective for a particular person in view of individual characteristics. The conclusions and proposals to improve the current legislation and development of personalized medicine in Ukraine are suggested.

scholarly journals Learning to Personalize Medicine from Aggregate Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rich Colbaugh ◽  
Kristin Glass
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Experimental Therapy ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThere is great interest in personalized medicine, in which treatment is tailored to the individual characteristics of patients. Achieving the objectives of precision healthcare will require clinically-grounded, evidence-based approaches, which in turn demands rigorous, scalable predictive analytics. Standard strategies for deriving prediction models for medicine involve acquiring ‘training’ data for large numbers of patients, labeling each patient according to the outcome of interest, and then using the labeled examples to learn to predict the outcome for new patients. Unfortunately, labeling individuals is time-consuming and expertise-intensive in medical applications and thus represents a major impediment to practical personalized medicine. We overcome this obstacle with a novel machine learning algorithm that enables individual-level prediction models to be induced from aggregate-level labeled data, which is readily-available in many health domains. The utility of the proposed learning methodology is demonstrated by: i.) leveraging US county-level mental health statistics to create a screening tool which detects individuals suffering from depression based upon their Twitter activity; ii.) designing a decision-support system that exploits aggregate clinical trials data on multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment to predict which therapy would work best for the presenting patient; iii.) employing group-level clinical trials data to induce a model able to find those MS patients likely to be helped by an experimental therapy.

scholarly journals Personalization of the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for musculoskeletal diseases. Resolution on the results of the Meeting of Experts of December 13, 2017

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Karateev ◽  
A. M. Lila ◽  
I. S. Dydykina ◽  
P. R. Kamchatnov ◽  
S. O. Mazurenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Analgesic Therapy ◽  
Acute Pain Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Key Aspects

The personalization of therapy is one of the innovative approaches gaining an increasingly strong foothold in modern medicine, implying an individual approach to each patient, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient and the specific clinical case. This same standpoint of personified therapy should be used to plan rational analgesic therapy, the most important component of managing patients with the most common and socially significant diseases, with conditions that have a significant impact on the patient’s quality of life and worsen the course of concomitant diseases. The Meeting of Experts of different specialties such as rheumatologists, neurologists, cardiologists and clinical pharmacologists considered the key aspects of the prescription of NSAIDs, the most widely used class of painkillers, including those used for the relief of musculoskeletal pain. It was noted that when choosing NSAIDs, the practitioner should take into account the diagnosis, the planned duration of  analgesic therapy, the intensity of pain, medical history data, the presence of comorbid diseases and risk factors for drug complications. There are different types of NSAIDs, some of which are most useful for urgent acute pain therapy (eg, ketoprofen), while others are most suitable for long-term pain management in chronic diseases (eg, etoricoxib). In any case, the practitioner should take into account the priority of patient safety and pay the utmost attention to the prevention of NSAIDassociated complications, and also keep in mind the duration of the specific drug administration permitted by the patient information leaflet. It was also noted that the launch of a new generic etoricoxib (Kostarox®) expands the possibilities of analgesic therapy for the Russian practitioners.

scholarly journals Tactile Maps and New Technologies for Blind and People with Visual Impairments

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Maria I. Gkanidi ◽  
Athanasios Drigas,
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Blind And Visually Impaired ◽  
Tactile Maps ◽  
The Individual

Until recently, the medical model of disability has dominated, but times and views change so that the model of social inclusion is now the guideline. It is therefore the broad acceptance of the social model of disability that leads to these changes and assistive technology is the main tool that allows social inclusion. In this paper an attempt is made to investigate greek and international bibliography regarding the design, the use and the effectiveness of haptic maps. This bibliographic research is divided into two main parts, each of whom divided into sub-chapters. The first part includes definitions and researches related to the structure, form and operation of the tactile maps and, more generally, of the individual characteristics taken into account in their creation. In the second part, there is a brief presentation of the new technologies for the blind and visually impaired people.

scholarly journals The prevalence of acute erosive-ulcerative gastroduodenal lesions in patients with cardiovascular diseases, taking anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
A. A. Poliantsev ◽  
D. V. Frolov ◽  
D. V. Linchenko ◽  
S. N. Karpenko ◽  
A. A. Chernovolenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Antiplatelet Agents ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Risk Of Bleeding ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methods Of Treatment ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

Aims: to draw attention to the lack of recommendations for the prevention and treatment of acute erosive-ulcerative gastroduodenal lesions and their complications associated with the severity of the patient’s condition, the massiveness of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy and the degree of risk of bleeding.Materials and methods: a literature review was conducted of domestic and foreign authors on the problem of pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of lesions of the upper gastrointestinal tract in cardiovascular diseases.Results: there are no standardized recommendations for the prevention and treatment of OEGP and their complications, taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient, based on evidence.Conclusion: it is necessary to develop a scale that assesses the risk of OEGP and gastrointestinal bleeding in cardiovascular diseases, methods of treatment and prevention of these conditions, taking into account the specific parameters of the patient.

Psychological measures to prevent delinquent behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhamilya Korgambekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual

The article deals with the issues of social prevention of adolescent disorders, the reasons for the change in self-awareness. The concepts of "delinquent" and "preventive measures" have been clarified taking into account the individual characteristics of the research subject. The delicate behavior is described, its constituent structures are revealed. In social work, measures are considered to be implemented within the first, second and third prevention. In addition, it was possible to identify several social factors in the emergence of behavioral offenses: upbringing in the family and the immediate environment of a teenager; the environment of adolescence, the penetration of stereotypes of behavior into the youth environment; biological factors and much more. The problems of social prevention of adolescent deviation, the reasons for the change in adolescent self-awareness, general principles of preventive activities and individual corrective work are considered, the main conditions for effective work with adolescents with deviant behavior are analyzed.

GENES AND THE ROLE OF GENETIC FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ASTHMA (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Ж.Б. Испаева ◽  
Р.Б. Бекмагамбетова
Keyword(s):  
Gene Network ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Individual

В статье представлен обзор современных литературных источников, обобщающий результаты исследований генов, которые участвуют в развитии бронхиальной астмы (БА), полиморфизма генов при астме и о выявленных вариантах генов, которые являются генами - модификаторами ускоряющими и усугубляющими патологический процесс. Составление генной сети для каждого многофакторного заболевания и разработка на этой основе комплекса профилактических мероприятий для конкретного пациента составляет основу нового, быстро развивающегося направления - предиктивной медицины. Актуальность темы обусловнено тем, что БА попрежнему входит в ранг важной медицинской и социальной проблемы, наблюдается высокая распространенность и неуклонный рост заболеваемости БА во всем мире. Тема также является актуальной, так как хроническое рецидивирующее течение БА накладывает значительные ограничения на повседневную жизнь пациентов, увеличивает доли больных с тяжелой формой заболевания. Все это свидетельствуют об актуальности изучения сложных механизмов развития этого заболевания с целью разработки эффективных методов диагностики и профилактики с учетом индивидуальных особенностей каждого больного. За последние годы протестировано более чем 500 генов, которые показывают связь с данным заболеванием, и для более чем 100 из них показана ассоциация с БА, на основании чего можно сказать, что данные гены являются генами предрасположенности к ней. The article presents a review of modern literary sources, summarizing the results of studies of genes that are involved in the development of asthma, gene polymorphism in asthma and the identified variants of genes that are modifier genes that accelerate and aggravate the pathological process. The compilation of a gene network for each multifactorial disease and the development on this basis of a set of preventive measures for a specific patient forms the basis of a new, rapidly developing direction - predictive medicine. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that BA is still included in the rank of an important medical and social problem, there is a high prevalence and a steady increase in the incidence of asthma all over the world. The topic is also relevant, since the chronic relapsing course of asthma imposes significant restrictions on the daily life of patients, increases the proportion of patients with a severe form of the disease. All this testifies to the relevance of studying the complex mechanisms of the development of this disease in order to develop effective methods of diagnosis and prevention, taking into account the individual characteristics of each patient. In recent years, more than 500 genes that show a connection with this disease have been tested, and for more than 100 of them association with asthma is shown, on the basis of which it can be said that these genes are genes for predisposition to it.

UPPER TRACT UROTHELIAL CARCINOMA: MORPHOLOGY, DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 78-92
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Stepanova ◽  
A. V. Prokofieva ◽  
S. A. Dunaev ◽  
A. V. Glotov ◽  
M. V. Morozovz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Urothelial Cancer ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Urothelial carcinoma is a malignant tumor that develops from the cells of the urothelium mucosa and can be detected both in the upper parts of the urinary tract (renal and pelvic system and ureter) and in the lower parts (bladder and urethra). Urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract (UCUUT) is quite rare and accounts for 5–10% of all cases of urothelial cancer. UCUUT remains completely unexplored, having to date two equal theories of origin. Despite the modern radiology and endoscopic equipment, in view of the meager and sufficiently generalized  clinical manifestations (similar to other diseases), especially at the initial stages of the disease, it is necessary to constantly improve diagnostic methods for detecting the disease as early as possible. Already today, thanks to new technologies for diagnosis and treatment, it is possible to identify the disease at different stages and extend life to patients with UCUUT. The article presents data on morphology, clinic, diagnostics and modern methods of treatment of this pathology.

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