Psychological measures to prevent delinquent behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhamilya Korgambekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Psychological Measures ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual

The article deals with the issues of social prevention of adolescent disorders, the reasons for the change in self-awareness. The concepts of "delinquent" and "preventive measures" have been clarified taking into account the individual characteristics of the research subject. The delicate behavior is described, its constituent structures are revealed. In social work, measures are considered to be implemented within the first, second and third prevention. In addition, it was possible to identify several social factors in the emergence of behavioral offenses: upbringing in the family and the immediate environment of a teenager; the environment of adolescence, the penetration of stereotypes of behavior into the youth environment; biological factors and much more. The problems of social prevention of adolescent deviation, the reasons for the change in adolescent self-awareness, general principles of preventive activities and individual corrective work are considered, the main conditions for effective work with adolescents with deviant behavior are analyzed.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF PARTICIPANTS OF EDUCATIONAL PRACTICE ON THE MANIFESTATION OF TEENAGERS’ AGGRESSION

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Татьяна Сергеевна Борисова ◽  
Елена Александровна Зорина ◽  
Елена Евгеньевна Сартакова
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
The Family

Проблема агрессивного поведения стала объектом широкого научного и практического обсуждения. Предлагается анализ отдельных аспектов содержания феномена агрессии, выделяются особенности подростковой агрессии. Приводятся результаты длительного изучения уровня агрессивности подростков и молодежи. Отмечается, что нарушения в сфере межличностных отношений подростков играют приоритетную роль в развитии отклоняющегося поведения; общение формирует конкретную модель поведения, оказывая порой влияние на совершение действий не всегда кон структивного характера; развитие навыков позитивного общения находится в поле влияния субъектов образовательной практики и является важнейшим фактором предупреждения агрессии подростков. Педагогически целесообразными действиями в части позитивного личностного становления является оптимизация взаимодействий участников образовательного процесса (детей, родителей, педагогов, социальных партнеров). Основными направлениями педагогической профилактической работы, с точки зрения авторов, являются: учет особенностей семьи каждого подростка как необходимое условие эффективной работы педагога; менеджмент классной ситуации и наблюдения за отношениями детей, что дает возможность предотвратить проявление агрессии в группе; обеспечение безопасности в образовательном учреждении посредством формирования социально-психологического комфорта учеников и педагогов; проецирование через СМИ и интернет конструктивных образцов мирного урегулирования конфликтов; интегрирование детей в систему социальных связей как в школе, так и вне, применяя социально-педагогические технологии; целенаправленное воспитательное воздействие на молодежь и работа с семьей в направлении устойчивых ориентаций на правомерное поведение рассматривается как значимый фактор предупреждения агрессии. The problem of aggressive behavior has become the subject of extensive scientific and practical discussion. The article offers an analysis of individual aspects of the content of the phenomenon of aggression, highlights the features of teenage aggression. The results of a long-term study of the level of aggressiveness of adolescents and youth are presented. It is noted that violations in the sphere of interpersonal relations of adolescents play a priority role in the development of deviant behavior; communication forms a specific model of behavior, sometimes influencing the performance of actions that are not always constructive; the formation of positive communication skills is in the field of influence of subjects of educational practice and is the most important factor in preventing adolescent aggression. The authors point out that pedagogically expedient actions in terms of shaping positive development in adolescents is to optimize interactions between all participants in the educational process (children, parents, teachers, social partners). The main directions of pedagogical preventive work, from the point of view of the authors, are: taking into account the characteristics of the family of each teenager as a necessary condition for the effective work of a teacher; management of the classroom situation and monitoring the relationships of children, which makes it possible to prevent the manifestation of aggression in the group; ensuring safety in an educational institution through the formation of social and psychological comfort of students and teachers; projecting constructive models of peaceful settlement of conflicts through the media and the Internet; integrating children into the system of social ties both at school and outside, using social and educational technologies; purposeful educational influence on youth and work with the family in the direction of stable orientations on lawful behavior is considered as a significant factor in preventing aggression.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Motivational Readiness for Professional Self-determination in Adolescents in Specific Social Situations of Development

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.S. Aron
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Motivational Readiness ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
The Individual

We present the results of investigation of the motivational component of psychological readiness for professional self-determination in adolescents in specific social situations of development. It was assumed that in a particular deficit social situation of development under the influence of negative social context the formation of motivational readiness for professional self-determination is hindered. We revealed significant differences in the level of development of motivational readiness for professional self-determination of pupils of the school for children with behavioral problems, pupils of boarding school for orphans and pupils of regular secondary school. It is shown that the motivational sphere of adolescents with deviant behavior and adolescents without parental care is characterized by focus on the failure avoidance, predominance of external motives of choice of profession, lack of awareness of their values and motives. The obtained results can serve as a basis for the development of technologies of psychological and pedagogical support of professional self-determination of teenagers with consideration of their age and development and of the individual characteristics due to the aggravation of social situation of development.

scholarly journals THE SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT AMONG THE FUTURE EDUCATORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Pomytkin ◽  
◽  
Daria Bohdanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Intelligence Development

The results of theoretical research identify the following specific features of spiritual intelligence development among future educators: awareness of self-realization, ability to forecast, professionalism, and capability of the person to self-regulation. Spiritual intelligence is represented as the highest form of intelligence of the teacher’s personality, which determines the structure of one’s values, is used for self-expression (which is the primary goal of pedagogical activity), and is a determining success factor in the process of forming a model of understanding the meaning of life by the followers. The spiritual intelligence of a teacher guides one’s ability for self-improvement and self-motivation for effective, humanistic-oriented pedagogical activity, and is the main mean of finding teacher's own “Me” within the framework of the professional activity. The core traits of the highly-developed spiritual intelligence of the teacher are seen in one’s ability to inspire others, to a deep self-awareness, to flexibility in making pedagogical decisions, as well as in one's capability of representing compassion and openness in relation to the learners. Spiritual and intellectual abilities and skills may have significant differences among people, depending on the individual characteristics of the individual, one’s spiritual beliefs, religious preconditions for one’s formation and development. The spiritual intelligence of the individual can be advanced throughout life, and this tendency may be referred to as the necessary prerequisite for the professional development of teachers and their achievement of a high level of pedagogical mastery.

scholarly journals ARISTOTELIAN THEORY OF POLITICAL COMMUNICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE LINGUISTIC TURN

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
I.V. Zhurbina
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Active Principle ◽  
Speech Communication ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
The Family ◽  
Freedom Of Thought ◽  
The Individual

The paper addresses the Aristotelian theory of the types of communication: family, community and state. The Aristotelian theory is examined through communication type, kind and individual differences. It is shown that the hierarchy of communication types is defined by the two extremes - speech and thinking. Speech is the generic principle of human communication. Thinking (λόγος) is viewed as an active form, an active principle of human communication. In the Aristotelian hierarchy, the lower level is represented by communication in the family and community, the essence of which is determined by speech. Communication in the family and community fosters the skill of judgment as worldly wisdom. The upper level is represented by political communication, the individual characteristics of which are determined by the form of thought, i.e. one of the methods of persuasion. The paper describes the meaning of political friendship as unanimity allowing citizens involved in political communication to reach agreement and act together for the benefit of all. The paper discusses the generic difference of political communication, which is determined by a specific combination of the form of thinking, i.e. the method of persuasion, with one of the three kinds of rhetorical speech: deliberative, judicial and epideictic (epideixis). The main focus of attention is the deliberative speech that most fully meets the tasks of discussing public affairs and making decisions. The relationship between politics and philosophy as a sphere of pure thinking is described in the context of political communication. It is established that the best political communication is the one in which rulers do not encroach on freedom of thought and freedom of philosophizing. The freedom of thought becomes the guarantor of the achievement of good, justice and equality in the state.

The Patient's Spouse

1964 ◽  
Vol 110 (465) ◽  
pp. 159-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Kreitman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Psychiatry ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Clinical Genetic ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Psychological Studies

Over the last few decades, social psychiatry has demonstrated correlations between mental illness and certain broad social categories. At the same time clinical, genetic and psychological studies have continued their traditional interest in the illness of the individual. The divergence of these two approaches has left relatively unmapped a large area which is of considerable psychiatric interest; despite much descriptive work, very little has been clearly established (outside genetics) concerning mental illness in the small, closely-integrated group, of which the prime example in our culture is the family. Out understanding of how personal and social factors jointly contribute to mental ill-health might well be furthered by studies in this field.

scholarly journals Xenophobia and deviant behavior in adolescents and young people: a review of Russian studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.D. Gurina
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Deviant Behavior ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Individual Characteristics

The article presents the main results of domestic research for the years 2013– 2016. Research are dedicated to the study of xenophobia and extremism as a kind of adolescents’ deviant behavior. This research focuses on the study of pedagogical and psychological factors of formation of extremist behaviour in adolescents and youth. The results of studies by P.N. Kasberov, A. V. Novikov (2015; 2016), E.N. Skulkina (2015); M.G. Stadnikov, A.A. Shcheglov (2014); O.E Huhlaev, V.M Minasova, O.S. Pavlova, V.E Zykov (2015), etc., describe individual characteristics of perpetrators of offences of an extremist nature and/or being prone to xenophobic attitudes. The objective of the research is to identify factors impeding or contributing to the formation of extremist behavior in adolescents and youth in order to develop adequate preventive measures.

THE IMPACT OF FAMILY PLANNING SUPPLY FACTORS ON UNMET NEED IN RURAL EGYPT 1988Ð1989

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-326
Author(s):  
FIONA STEELE ◽  
FATMA EL-ZAHRAA M. M. GEEL
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
The Family ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the reasons for the high level of unmet need for contraception in rural Egypt, using data from the individual survey and service availability module of the 1988Ð89 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey. Two broad sets of potential factors are considered: characteristics of a woman which influence her desire for children and thus her propensity to use contraception, and factors relating to the family planning service environment in which she lives. The results from a multivariate analysis show that certain individual characteristics, such as family composition and education, have a strong impact on the level of contraceptive use and on the proportion of total demand for spacing or limiting childbearing that is met by use of family planning. Unmet need, however, remains fairly constant across demographic and socioeconomic subgroups of the population. The largest variations in unmet need are regional, but elements of the family planning services, namely the provision of a community-based nurse who distributes family planning and female doctors at clinics, also play an important role.

scholarly journals The relationship between cognitive maladaptive schemes and self-esteem in adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 259-267
Author(s):  
Mihaela Sandu ◽  
Mariana Floricica Călin ◽  
Nicoleta Mogos
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Development ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Performance Skills ◽  
Cognitive Patterns ◽  
The Family ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

The motivation for choosing this topic is based on our desire to understand how the cognitive patterns formed in the early periods of adolescent development, influence and affect the formation and development of self-esteem during adolescence. Adolescence is a crucial and critical period in the development of the individual, a period of transition between childhood and adulthood, and self-esteem plays a very important role for the development of the individual during this period. Self-esteem is an important part of our personality that includes two significant elements - self-knowledge and self-awareness. This includes the individual's perceptions of himself, his strengths and weaknesses, his abilities, attitudes and values. Its development begins at birth and develops constantly under the influence of experiences. In different age periods that children go through, they become aware of their skills and practical abilities in the first place - motor skills, artistic skills, performance skills, etc. The mental development of the adolescent is largely determined by the family. Love and trust, competent answers and advice are the fundamental "tool" of parents who help their children become autonomous and competent adults.

Philosophical and Biomedical Foundations of Personalized Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-1) ◽  
pp. 134-151
Author(s):  
Svetlana Khmelevskaya ◽  
◽  
Elena Ocheredko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The subject of the research is the philosophical (ontological, epistemological, philosophical-anthropological and social-philosophical) foundations of personalized medicine, the biomedical foundations of which are methods of therapy and prevention of diseases based on the individual characteristics of the patient. The authors highlight the preventive nature of personalized medicine - to prevent the patient's diseases based on certain diagnostic methods and using a system of preventive measures, as well as its focus on improving the effectiveness of treatment for a specific patient. The value of personalized medicine is that it allows to determine precisely the causes of a particular disease or to assess a person's predisposition to certain diseases, to apply preventive measures to minimize the risks of diseases; to use personalized methods of treatment and correction of the conditions of a particular patient, as well as biomarkers for monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. The philosophical foundations of personalized medicine, on the one hand, contain certain philosophical attitudes related to medicine in general, and on the other hand, reflect specific features determined by new technologies that modern medicine possesses. In particular, the article points to a change in the concept of personalization in connection with the disclosure of its content at the genomic level. The authors emphasize that personalized medicine raises a number of new problems of a philosophical nature: the approach to a person as a set of data about his or her body, the possible increase in social inequality due to the lack of general availability of the results of personalized medicine, and so on. The article substantiates the idea that improving and reducing the cost of sequencing technologies will help make new methods of treating diseases more accessible to the general population. Further personification of medicine will occur due to obtaining more and more objective information about patients, increasing the number of subgroups in the typology of patients, offering them variable methods of treatment, as well as due to the increasing involvement of a patient in the treatment processes, based on a better understanding of his/her “existential presence analytics”.

scholarly journals Orofacial Clefts: A Worldwide Review of the Problem

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Agbenorku
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Congenital Abnormalities ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
The Family ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Speech Therapist ◽  
The Individual

Orofacial cleft is one of the commonest congenital abnormalities which impacts negatively on the life of the individual and to a large extent affects the family. Caused by the interaction of environmental and genetic factors, this abnormality brings about decreased quality of life. Management of this abnormality entails a team involving a cleft surgeon, speech therapist, dentist, orthodontists, and so forth. This study involves the review of the various literatures on orofacial clefts, discussing the problems on the genetic basis, associated syndromes, and their management. Counseling of prospective mothers should be promoted to ensure that the abnormality is prevented at the early stages. Education on orofacial clefts should be promoted to create awareness on its preventive measures. Much attention must be geared towards cleft genetics studies to identify potential risk factors which might be predisposing individuals to the anomaly.

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