scholarly journals The influence of heavy metals on soil biological and chemical properties

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Friedlová
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Respiration Activity

Soil samples were collected at alluvial sites of the Litavka River, which flows through the Beroun and Příbram cities in Central Bohemia Region of the Czech Republic in 2005 and 2006. Higher heavy metal content in soils (Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu) is due to composition of the parent rock, emissions from lead processing industry and the leak of toxic material from the steel works sludge ponds in the 1970s and 1980s. The samples were collected from six sites located at different distances from the contamination source (the former sludge ponds) and chemical and biological properties were determined. The ratio of the microbial biomass carbon to oxidisable carbon content dropped down significantly on more heavily contaminated sites. Basal respiration activity did not correlate with the content of heavy metals in soil, but there was certain declining tendency with increasing intensity of soil contamination. Respiration activities significantly correlated with the total carbon, oxidisable carbon and the total nitrogen content. The metabolic quotient showed higher values with increasing contamination. Dehydrogenases and arylsulphatase activities decreased with increasing contamination. Urease activity has also a declining tendency but its relation to different intensity of contamination was not unambiguous. Urease activity has shown a relationship with the content of total nitrogen in soil. No relationship was found between the total sulphur content and arylsulphatase activity. Dehydrogenases, arylsulfatase and urease activities significantly correlated with the microbial biomass carbon.

Effect of Heavy Metals Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn on Enzyme Activity and Microbial Biomass Carbon in Brown Soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 726-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Yu ◽  
Jie Min Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Urease

To get more sensitive index for making scientific and objective judgment on heavy metal pollution in brown soil, the influence which heavy metals Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn exert on soil urease, catalase activity and microbial biomass carbon content were evaluated by means of laboratory simulation.Experiment results showed that urease activity firstly increased with the addition of Cu, Cd and Pb, then showed decline trends. But for Zn, the activity of urease was obviously decline with the increased Zn concentrations. Catalase activity firstly increased with the addition of Cu then showed decline trend. But for Cd, Pb and Zn, the activity of catalase obviously declined. Microbial biological carbon all showed decline trends with the addition of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn.

scholarly journals Differences of soil enzyme activities and its influencing factors under different flooding conditions in Ili Valley, Xinjiang

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e8531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulu Zhang ◽  
Dong Cui ◽  
Haijun Yang ◽  
Nijat Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Biomass Carbon

Background A wetland is a special ecosystem formed by the interaction of land and water. The moisture content variation will greatly affect the function and structure of the wetland internal system. Method In this paper, three kinds of wetlands with different flooding levels (Phragmites australis wetland (long-term flooding), Calamagrostis epigeios wetland(seasonal flooding) and Ditch millet wetland (rarely flooded)) in Ili Valley of Xinjiang China were selected as research areas. The changes of microbial biomass carbon, soil physical and chemical properties in wetlands were compared, and redundancy analysis was used to analyze the correlation between soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass carbon and enzyme activities (soil sucrase, catalase, amylase and urease). The differences of soil enzyme activities and its influencing factors under different flooding conditions in Ili Valley were studied and discussed. Result The results of this study were the following: (1) The activities of sucrase and amylase in rarely flooded wetlands and seasonally flooded wetlands were significantly higher than those in long-term flooded wetlands; the difference of catalase activity in seasonal flooded wetland was significant and the highest. (2) Redundancy analysis showed that soil organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, total phosphorus and soil microbial biomass carbon had significant effects on soil enzyme activity (p < 0.05). (3) The correlation between soil organic carbon and the sucrase activity, total phosphorus and the catalase activity was the strongest; while soil organic carbon has a significant positive correlation with invertase, urease and amylase activity, with a slight influence on catalase activity. The results of this study showed that the content of organic carbon, total phosphorus and other soil fertility factors in the soil would be increased and the enzyme activity would be enhanced if the flooding degree was changed properly.

scholarly journals Soil microbial dynamics and enzyme activities as influenced by biofertilizers and split application of vermicompost in rhizosphere of wheat (Triticum aestivum. L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1370-1378
Author(s):  
S. Aechra ◽  
◽  
R.H. Meena ◽  
S.C. Meena ◽  
S.L. Mundra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Phosphatase Enzyme

Aim: A field experiment was conducted during rabi season to determine the effect of biofertilizers and split application of vermicompost on biological properties (microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, microbial populations and enzyme activities) in rhizosphere of wheat. Methodology: The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications consisting of twenty treatment combinations. Soil samples were collected from the plots at 0-15 cm depth after harvest of wheat crop and soil biological properties analyzed using standard analytical procedure. Results: The experiment results indicated that among biofertilizers treatments, seed inoculation with Azotobacter + PSB + KMB + ZnSB (B5) resulted in a significant higher soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, dehydrogenase activity and acid phosphatase enzyme activity in comparison to control. Similarly, application of vermicompost as 50 % VC at sowing + 50 % VC at tillering (V3) were obtained improved microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, microbial population, dehydrogenase activity and acid phosphatase enzyme activity while remaining at par with 75 % VC at sowing + 25 % VC at tillering (V4) proved superior in comparison to rest of the treatments due to continuous supply of nutrients throughout the crop cycle. Grain and straw yield of wheat also increased due to the application of biofertilizers and vermicompost over the control. Interpretation: Biofertilizers (Azotobacter, PSB, KMB and ZnSB) and split application of vermicompost enhanced the soil microbial population and enzymatic activities which sustained the soil health for better wheat production.

scholarly journals The Effects of Nicosulfuron and Glyphosate on Microbial Activity of Different Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lj. ŠANTRIC ◽  
Lj. RADIVOJEVIC ◽  
J. GAJIC-UMILJENDIC ◽  
M. SARIC-KRSMANOVIC ◽  
R. ÐUROVIC-PEJCEV
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Changes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT: The effects of the nicosulfuron and glyphosate herbicides on microbial activity in two soils with different physical and chemical properties (loam and sand) were investigated. Nicosulfuron was applied at the rates of 0.3, 0.6, 3.0 and 30.0 mg kg-1 soil and glyphosate at 32.6, 65.2, 326.0 and 3260.0 mg kg-1 soil in the laboratory. Changes in dehydrogenase and urease activity, as well as in microbial biomass carbon, were examined. Samples for the analysis were collected at 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after herbicide application. The results showed that the effects of nicosulfuron and glyphosate depended on treatment rate, duration of activity, test parameters and soil types. In general, application of the herbicides significantly increased the activity of dehydrogenase and urease. Nicosulfuron had a stimulating activity on microbial biomass carbon in loam, while both herbicides demonstrated negative effects on the parameter in the sandy soil.

scholarly journals Biochar and wheat straw affecting soil chemistry and microbial biomass carbon countrywide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Shokuhifar ◽  
Ahmad Mohammadi Ghahsareh ◽  
Karim Shahbazi ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Tehrani ◽  
Hossein Besharati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractIndicating how different sources of organic matter (OM) may affect the properties of a wide range of soil types, at varying soil moisture (SM), is of significance in the agricultural fields. A large dataset of soil samples (0–30 cm) was collected from different parts of Iran (21 different agricultural regions, with a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological properties) to determine the effects of OM and varying SM on soil chemical (pH, salinity, and organic carbon) and biological (microbial biomass carbon, MBC) properties. The collected soil samples were incubated (9-month period) with the experimental treatments including OM (control (M1), 2% wheat straw (WS) (M2), and 2% biochar (BI) (M3)), at different SM levels (0.2 field capacity, FC (V1), 0.7 variable FC (V2), 0.7 constant FC (V3), and saturated moisture (V4)). Wheat straw was pyrolyzed (at 500°C) to produce BI, and their chemical properties were determined. BI salinity (3.1 dS/m) was significantly higher than WS (2.8 dS/m). The organic treatments, especially BI, significantly increased soil OM and MBC compared with the control treatment. The two sources of organic fertilization increased soil pH, OM, and MBC, though such effects were functions of varying soil moisture (drying and rewetting cycles). Due to higher C percentage (61%), the effects of BI, significantly affected by soil moisture, were more pronounced on soil parameters. The tested sources of organic matter (WS and BI), acting as functions of soil moisture, can strongly affect soil chemical and biological properties and contribute to higher efficiency of agricultural fields.

scholarly journals Soil properties under different land use systems of Mizoram, North East India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chowlani Manpoong ◽  
S.K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial

Changes in land use and improper soil management have led to severe land degradation around the globe through the modification in soil physicochemical and biological processes. This study aimed to assess the soil properties of different land use system types. Soil samples (0-15 cm depth) were collected from five land uses; Rubber Plantation (RP), Oil Palm Plantation (OPP), Bamboo Forest (BF), Fallow Land (FL) and Natural Forest (NF) and analyzed for bulk density, soil texture, soil pH, soil moisture, soil carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil respiration. Soil pH was lower than 4.9 in all the sites indicating that the surface soil was highly acidic. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) values ranged from 2.02% to 2.81% and 0.22% to 0.3% respectively. Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and soil microbial biomass (SMBC) were highly affected by soil moisture. NH4+-N and NO3--N ranged from 5.6 mg kg-1 to 10.2 mg kg-1 and 1.15 mg kg-1 to 2.81 mg kg-1 respectively. NF soils showed the maximum soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) whereas the minimum was observed in BF with values ranging from 340 mg kg-1 to 345 mg kg-1. Basal respiration was highest in RP (375 mg CO2 m-2 hr-1) and lowest in BF (224 mg CO2 m-2 hr-1). The findings demonstrated significant effect (p<0.05) of land use change on soil nutrient status and organic matter. Findings also indicated that land use change deteriorated native soil physicochemical and biological properties, but that land restoration practices through longer fallow period (>10 years) likely are successful in promoting the recovery of some soil characteristics.

scholarly journals Impact of Land Use Types and Seasonal Variations on Soil Physico-chemical Properties and Microbial Biomass Dynamics in a Tropical Climate, Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Alex Amerh Agbeshie ◽  
Simon Abugre ◽  
Rita Adjei ◽  
Thomas Atta-Darkwa ◽  
Joseph Anokye
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Land Use Type ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial

Land use conversion significantly impact on sensitive soil quality parameters such as microbial biomass and soil microbial quotient. Therefore, soil microbial biomass and physicochemical properties were compared under three different land use systems namely agricultural land, degraded mine land and an adjacent natural forest in the Newmont Gold Ghana Limited concessional areas, Kenyasi, Ghana. In our field experimentation, an area of 300 m2 was demarcated in each land use type for soil sampling. In each of the land use type, we collected soil 5 samples at a depth of 0-15 cm in both the dry and wet seasons respectively. Parameters we measured included soil bulk density, pH, particle size distribution, organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and moisture content. Our results revealed that land use type significantly impacted on soil microbial biomass and physicochemical properties. Microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen was higher in the forested land compared to the agricultural land and degraded mine land, which was due to relatively higher amounts of litter inputs. Microbial biomass carbon decreased between 20.23 - 88.36% when land use changed from forested land to other land uses. Significant positive correlation was observed between soil microbial biomass and water content, soil organic carbon, phosphorus, clay, nitrogen. Generally, seasonal variation in our study area did not influence soil physical and chemical properties, however, it significantly affected microbial biomass indices. Findings of our study further revealed the importance of forested area in the maintenance of soil quality parameters.

A comparison of the organic matter, biomass, adenosine triphosphate and mineralizable nitrogen contents of ploughed and direct-drilled soils

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Powlson ◽  
D. S. Jenkinson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mineralizable Nitrogen

SUMMARYSoil samples were taken from four field experiments on the growth of cereals in direct-drilled and in mouldboard-ploughed soil. When sampled, one of the experiments had run for 5 years, one for 6, one for 8 and one for 10 years. Sampling was to just below plough depth and was done on an ‘equivalent depth’ basis, i.e. the more compact direct-drilled plots were sampled more shallowly than the ploughed plots in such a way that both samples represented the same weight of soil per unit area. No significant differences in total nitrogen or in total organic carbon were observed between cultivation treatments at any of the four sites.In three of the four sites, there was no significant difference in microbial biomass carbon, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), or mineralizable nitrogen between directdrilled and ploughed soils. In the fourth, which contained more clay than the others, there was slightly more biomass carbon and ATP in the direct-drilled soil. As microbial biomass carbon (or ATP, which is closely correlated with microbial biomass carbon) responds more rapidly to changes in management than do total carbon and nitrogen, a change in biomass carbon should provide early warning of changes in soil organic matter, long before changes in total carbon and nitrogen become measurable. That no such change was observed, with one partial exception, is evidence that a change from traditional methods of cultivation to direct drilling has little effect on soil organic matter other than altering its distribution in the soil profile.

scholarly journals Soil Characteristics in Moist Tropical Forest of Sunsari District, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilak Prasad Gautam ◽  
Tej Narayan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Water Holding

The physico-chemical properties of soils of tropical moist forest (Charkoshe jungle) in Sunsari district of eastern Nepal were analyzed. The samples were collected during summer season from three depths: upper (0-15 cm), middle (15-30 cm) and deep (30-45 cm). They were analyzed for texture, pH, moisture, water holding capacity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, organic matter and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. The forest soil of upper and middle layers was loamy whereas that of deep layer was sandy loam. The pH value was lower (5.6) in upper layer than in the deep layer (6.6). The moisture content, water holding capacity, organic carbon, total nitrogen and organic matter were higher in upper layer and decreased with increasing depth. The higher level of soil nutrients in upper layer was due partly to reduction in the loss of top soil and partly to the increased supply of nutrients from the decomposed form of litter and fine roots of the forest plants. The average value of microbial biomass carbon in the soil was 676.6 μg g-¹and microbial biomass nitrogen was 59.0 μg g-¹. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 1 (2013) 35-40 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i1.8876

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