scholarly journals Effects of heat stress on somatostatin and some related immune factors in the small intestine of Wenchang chicks

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 446-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
Y.-Y. Jiang ◽  
Y.-W. Zhou ◽  
C. Liang ◽  
L.-J. Xie
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Factors ◽  
Self Protection

To investigate the effects of heat stress (HS) on developmental changes in immune functions of chick intestinal mucosa, one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into control check (CK) and heat-stressed (HS) groups and raised under indoor temperature. The chicks in HS group were subjected to HS at 40 ± 0.5°C from 12:00 to14:00 h every day. Intestinal mucosa samples were collected weekly during 6 weeks, and the effects of HS on somatostatin and its related immune factors were examined using immunohistochemical, physiological, and biochemical methods. The results showed that HS obviously increased the amount and integral optical density of somatostatin positive cells, somatostatin content, as well as IFN-γ and IL-2 levels in the small intestine, and these increases reached statistical significance in some intestinal segments (P < 0.05). In addition, IgG, IgA, and IgM levels fluctuated in different intestinal segments and their levels in jejunum, duodenum, and ileum in 6-week-old chicks were significantly lower in HS group than in CK group (P < 0.05). The contents of immune-related enzymes also fluctuated, but the activities of acid phosphatase, lysozyme, and glutathione reductase in duodenum and jejunum were lower in 6-week-old chicks in HS group than in CK group, some reaching statistical significance (P < 0.05). Growth hormone (GH) and HSP70 contents in multiple intestinal segments in 6-week-old chicks were significantly higher in HS group than in CK group (P < 0.05). The results indicate that (1) HS could increase the expression and secretion of somatostatin and affect the normal development of immunoglobulins, cytokines, and immune-related enzymes in the small intestine, and thereby impact the chicks’ intestine immune function; (2) GH and HSP70 in the small intestine were involved in self-protection mechanisms against HS-induced intestinal injury and somatostatin regulation might be one of the important components.

scholarly journals Chronic heat stress regulates the relation between heat shock protein and immunity in broiler small intestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharif Hasan Siddiqui ◽  
Darae Kang ◽  
Jinryong Park ◽  
Mousumee Khan ◽  
Kwanseob Shim
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Negative Effect

Abstract Chronic heat stress is considered to decrease the immune functions which makes negative effect on broiler growth performance. Here, we investigated the relationship between chronic heat stress, growth performance, and immunity in the small intestine of broilers. The study included two groups (control and heat stressed group) with eight replications per group. Ten broilers of 20-day aged were allocated in each replication. On day 35, the treatment group was subdivided into two groups based on their body weights (heavy and low body weight). Although, there was only the control and treatment group on day 28. The growth performance decreased and expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), HSP60, and HSP47 increased on days 28 and 35 in the chronic heat stress group as compared with those in the control group. The expression levels of HSPs were significantly higher in the low body weight group than in the control group. The genes HSP70 and HSP60 were significantly associated with pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the small intestine of the broilers of the treatment group. Thus, HSP70 and HSP60 activated the adaptive immunity in the small intestines of the broilers from the treatment group to allow adaptation to chronic heat stress environment.

scholarly journals The effect of vitamin E on mast cells in small intestine of broilers under heat stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
M. YILDIZ ◽  
S. KUM ◽  
U. EREN
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Acetate Solution ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Safranin O ◽  
Mast Cell Population

The aim of this study is to identify the effect of vitamin E (DL-α-tocopherol acetate) (300 IU/kg) on mast cells in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) under heat stress. In the study, 42 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used. The chicks were randomly separated into 3 groups as follows; control (22±2°C), heat stress (35°C, 5 hours/per day) and vitamin E (300 IU/kg/per day) + heat stress (35°C, 5 hours/per day). The applications of heat stress and vitamin E began on the fifteenth day and ended on the thirty-fifth day. Tissue samples were taken from animals in each group of four and five-week-old chickens. Tissue samples were fixed in BLA (Basic Lead Acetate) solution. The sections were stained with toluidine blue (TB) (pH 0.5) and alcian blue-critical electrolyte concentration (AB-CEC) (pH 5.8, 0.3 M MgCl2) / Safranin O (SO) (pH 1.0) combined method. It was determined that increasing of the exposure duration to heat stress increased the number of mast cells in the small intestine of the boilers. Also, it was revealed that vitamin E reduced mast cell population under heat stress. Consequently, heat stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of small intestine-associated with disorders and the supplementation of vitamin E can contribute to regulate small intestine functions of broilers by decreasing mast cell proliferation and activation under heat stress.

scholarly journals 199 Supplemental arginine affects intestinal gene expression and serum concentration of amino acids of heat stress pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 69-69
Author(s):  
Adriana Morales ◽  
Fernanda González ◽  
Lucero Camacho ◽  
Salvador Espinoza ◽  
Caroline González-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The exposure of pigs to heat stress (HS) reduces feed intake and can damage their intestinal epithelia, affecting the amino acid (AA) absorption. Because Arg is involved in the restoration of intestinal epithelia cells and HS reduces Arg intake, the effect of dietary supplementation with Arg above requirement on the expression of specific AA transporters and the serum concentration (SC) of free AA in HS pigs was analyzed. Twenty pigs (25.3 ± 4.4 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of two dietary treatments: control wheat-soybean meal diet supplemented with L-Lys and L-Thr (CON), and the CON diet added with 0.20% L-Arg (ARG). Pigs had at libitum access to feed and water. At the end of a 21-d trial, 6 pigs per treatment were sacrificed; blood and intestinal mucosa samples from each segment of the small intestine were collected to analyze the SC of AA and the expression of AA transporters, respectively. Ambient temperature (AT) ranged from 28.2 to 38.7 °C. Supplementation of L-Arg increased approx. 5x the abundance of mRNA coding for the synthesis of AA transporter b0,+ (P< 0.05) and tended to increase that of the AA transporter B0 (P< 0.10) in duodenum, but no effect on gene expression in jejunum and ileum was observed. The SC of AA (mg/dL) for CON and ARG pigs were: Arg, 27.40, 38.32; His, 9.64, 12.9; Ile, 14.33, 15.73; Leu, 23.32, 29.97; Lys, 31.67, 39.72; Met, 5.14, 8.22; Phe, 15.18, 18.07; Thr, 20.82, 31.55; Trp, 8.50, 11.32; Val, 22.47, 33.35, respectively. Supplementation of L-Arg increased serum Arg, His, Met, Thr, Trp, and urea (P< 0.05); tended to increase Val (P< 0.10), but did not affect Ile, Leu, Lys, and Phe (P >0.10). These results indicate that supplementation of L-Arg may help to recover the intestinal epithelia, improve the absorptive function of the small intestine, and increase the availability of some indispensable AA in HS pigs.

scholarly journals Biodistribution of the radiophamarceutical sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) after massive small bowel resection in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dâmaso de Araújo Chacon ◽  
Irami Araújo-Filho ◽  
Arthur Villarim-Neto ◽  
Amália Cínthia Meneses Rêgo ◽  
Ítalo Medeiros Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Massive Resection ◽  
Mucosal Thickness ◽  
Misleading Interpretation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the biodistribution of sodium pertecnetate (Na99mTcO4) in organs and tissues, the morphometry of remnant intestinal mucosa and ponderal evolution in rats subjected to massive resection of the small intestine. METHODS: Twenty-one Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of 7 animals each. The short bowel (SB) group was subjected to massive resection of the small intestine; the control group (C) rats were not operated on, and soft intestinal handling was performed in sham rats. The animals were weighed weekly. On the 30th postoperative day, 0.l mL of Na99mTcO4, with mean activity of 0.66 MBq was injected intravenously into the orbital plexus. After 30 minutes, the rats were killed with an overdose of anesthetic, and fragments of the liver, spleen, pancreas, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, thyroid, lung, heart, kidney, bladder, muscle, femur and brain were harvested. The biopsies were washed with 0.9% NaCl.,The radioactivity was counted using Gama Counter WizardTM 1470, PerkinElmer. The percentage of radioactivity per gram of tissue (%ATI/g) was calculated. Biopsies of the remaining jejunum were analysed by HE staining to obtain mucosal thickness. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test for multiple comparisons were used, considering p<0.05 as significant. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in %ATI/g of the Na99mTcO4 in the organs of the groups studied (p>0.05). An increase in the weight of the SB rats was observed after the second postoperative week. The jejunal mucosal thickness of the SB rats was significantly greater than that of C and sham rats (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In rats with experimentally-produced short bowel syndrome, an adaptive response by the intestinal mucosa reduced weight loss. The biodistribution of Na99mTcO4 was not affected by massive intestinal resection, suggesting that short bowel syndrome is not the cause of misleading interpretation, if an examination using this radiopharmaceutical is indicated.

scholarly journals Cell-to-Cell Communication by Host-Released Extracellular Vesicles in the Gut: Implications in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2213
Author(s):  
Natalia Diaz-Garrido ◽  
Cecilia Cordero ◽  
Yenifer Olivo-Martinez ◽  
Josefa Badia ◽  
Laura Baldomà
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Health And Disease

Communication between cells is crucial to preserve body homeostasis and health. Tightly controlled intercellular dialog is particularly relevant in the gut, where cells of the intestinal mucosa are constantly exposed to millions of microbes that have great impact on intestinal homeostasis by controlling barrier and immune functions. Recent knowledge involves extracellular vesicles (EVs) as mediators of such communication by transferring messenger bioactive molecules including proteins, lipids, and miRNAs between cells and tissues. The specific functions of EVs principally depend on the internal cargo, which upon delivery to target cells trigger signal events that modulate cellular functions. The vesicular cargo is greatly influenced by genetic, pathological, and environmental factors. This finding provides the basis for investigating potential clinical applications of EVs as therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we review current knowledge on the biogenesis and cargo composition of EVs in general terms. We then focus the attention to EVs released by cells of the intestinal mucosa and their impact on intestinal homeostasis in health and disease. We specifically highlight their role on epithelial barrier integrity, wound healing of epithelial cells, immunity, and microbiota shaping. Microbiota-derived EVs are not reviewed here.

Intestinal Lesions Containing Coronavirus-like Particles in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis: An Ultrastructural Analysis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Author(s):  
S. Rousset ◽  
O. Moscovici ◽  
P. Lebon ◽  
J. P. Barbet ◽  
P. Helardot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Since the outbreaks of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis occurring in maternity hospitals of Paris and suburbs in 1979-1980, it has been possible to examine by light and electron microscopy gut specimens from ten newborns with this illness. Coronavirus-like particles, enclosed in intracytoplasmic vesicles of damaged epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa, were observed in the small intestine, appendix, and colon. The ultrastructural study, supported by bacteriologic findings, suggests the role of coronavirus-like particles in the appearance of the lesions. Secondary proliferation of mainly anaerobic bacteria, probably responsible for pneumatosis, may aggravate the disease.

Effects of heat stress on the immune responses of chickens subjected to thermal manipulation in the pre-hatch period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Kőrösi Molnár ◽  
László Kőrösi ◽  
Bence Balázs ◽  
András Gáspárdy
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Positive Antibody ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Embryonic Life ◽  
Parent Stock ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
32 C 10 ◽  
Thermal Manipulation

AbstractHeat stress affects the performance of poultry species and also induces immunosuppression. Chickens can be treated by thermal conditioning to have better heat stress tolerance. Our purpose was to determine the effect of acute heat stress on the immune response, i.e. antibody production against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and change in the proportion of leukocyte components, in chicks subjected to prenatal heat conditioning. Eighty as-hatched broiler chicks from the same parent stock were used: control (40 chicks incubated at 36.7 °C from days 18–20 of embryonic life) and thermally manipulated (TM) (40 chicks incubated at 38.4 °C from day 18–20 of embryonic life; 4 h/day). The chickens were exposed to heat stress: at day 19 (31 °C/8 h) and at day 35 (32 °C/10 h). The first heat stress (day 19) decreased the lymphocyte counts and significantly increased the heterophil counts (P < 0.05) in both treatments (from 34.25 to 55% in the controls and from 37 to 60.06% in the TM chicks). The second heat stress (day 35) did not alter the heterophil and lymphocyte profiles of the chickens. Before the heat stress, all of the chickens (control and TM) presented the same positive antibody titres to NDV vaccination. After the first heat stress, 50% of the control samples and 40% of samples from the TM chickens were negative. After the second heat stress, 80% of the TM samples were negative.

Histological alterations of small intestine and growth performance of broiler chicks after in ovo copper injection at 10 days of embryogenesis period

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hanan A. Hassan ◽  
Ahmed R. Arafat ◽  
Khaled Y. Farroh ◽  
Mohamed S. Bahnas ◽  
Ibrahim El-wardany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Histological Alterations
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