Concept of “tash” (stone) in the Karachay-Balkar language picture of the world

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-251
Author(s):  
M. A. Akhmatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Everyday Realities ◽  
Complex Words

This paper focuses on a multi-aspect study of the concept of “tash” (stone) in the KarachayBalkar language picture of the world. The analysis of the available factual material has shown that for Karachays and Balkars, “tash” is quite an important component of the ethnic culture and reflects one of the relevant segments of the naive national picture of the world, encoded in the Karachay-Balkar literature and works of folklore. This fact is also due to significant functional and semantic features of the “tash” lexeme in the Karachay-Balkar language. This word serves as the basis for the formation of a large number of complex words and phrases, giving rise to the corpus of nominations of objects of the surrounding reality: place names, various rocks, etc. In addition, the word under consideration is highly productive in the sphere of terminology associated primarily with the everyday realities of the Karachay-Balkar ethnic group. “Tash” and related concepts are represented in the phraseological fund of the Karachay-Balkar language and paroemias reflecting various anthropomorphic features, in particular: characteristics, properties, actions, states, etc. The concept under consideration has such cognitive characteristics as support, solidity, eternity, life, death, and others and represents the status and the character of a person. Also, the concept of “tash” is realized in the texts of Karachay-Balkar folklore, myths, and in the works of Karachay-Balkar writers and poets, confirming its relevance for the linguistic consciousness of the Karachay-Balkar ethnic group.

STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NAMES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF DISHES IN GERMAN RESTAURANT DISCOURSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-119
Author(s):  
Nadezhda G. KANTYSHEVA ◽  
Inna V. Solovyova
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Institutional Discourse ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Study

This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the structural and semantic features of dish names and their descriptions in German in the field of restaurant discourse. The study employs cognitive discourse analysis, elements of comparative and contextological approaches, taking into account linguocultural parameters. The relevance of the comprehensive study of the names of dishes in restaurant discourse is due to an increased interest in the parameterization of lexical units in different types of institutional discourse. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that for the first time, within the framework of a restaurant menu, not only the nomination of a dish is considered, but also the structural and semantic characteristics of its description are analysed. An attempt is made to analyse a connection between the nominations of dishes and their description in the restaurant menu, as well as to determine the semantic dominants of the genre under study. It is concluded that the text of the menu as a whole presents a combination of the language for special purposes and the language of advertising. In interaction with extralinguistic factors, the nominations of dishes and their descriptions not only document the culture of food in society, but also reflect the ethnocultural picture of the world. Based on the analysis of the menu texts, it is established that structurally the names of dishes are complex words or phrases, built mainly according to the attributive model. The description of dishes performs the function of verbalizing the sensations of taste and clarifying the method of preparing dishes, characterizing the quality of dishes, their ingredients, and the intensity of taste. Evaluative parameters in descriptions are expressed at the lexical, grammatical, syntactic and stylistic levels.

scholarly journals “Let's Make a List”: James Schuyler's Taxonomic Autobiography

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-68
Author(s):  
WILLIAM WATKIN
Keyword(s):  
American Poetry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self In Relation ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Water Drops ◽  
Satisfactory Answer ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Normal Sense

August 21, 1970A few sound[s] are embedded in the fog – a gull mewing, different far off fog horns – like unset polished stones laid out in cotton wool.Tuesday, March 5, 1985At six AM the heavy gray burns a heavier blue. Rain, water drops clinging to the balcony.There is an ethical consideration in James Schuyler's Diary. While we have spent the last fifty years grappling with the aesthetic problems of how to represent the unrepresentable, how to present the unpresentable, and how to signify the significant, little time has been spent considering the status of representations of the unremarkable. There is a whole history in American poetry and literature of validating the everyday, making it special, but Schuyler never really does that. Are things special just because we say so, or rather because we note them down? Do we name things into being, at least linguistic or literary being? The Diary asks these questions and in doing so it broaches the kind of postmodern ethical questions that one finds in the recent work of Lyotard, Derrida, and Nancy. These questions are significant not in the normal sense of the reasons for such interrogations or the answers expected, but rather because they represent a desire on the part of Schuyler to ask after otherness, to try to elicit a response from the other while respecting that such a response may not be comprehensible even if it is forthcoming. I would like here to posit a desire to ask after the other first before one asks after oneself, to enquire without any hope of a satisfactory answer as such as the postmodern ethical position, and to suggest that the autobiographical slant of Schuyler's work is, paradoxically considering the nature of autobiography, just such a positioning of his self in relation to the world.

Change Is in the Air: The Smell of Marijuana, after Legalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1026
Author(s):  
William Garriott
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Everyday Realities ◽  
Drug Policy Reform

Marijuana continues to be legalized throughout the world. In the United States, a unique approach to legalization is taking hold that focuses on the creation of commercial marijuana markets. This article examines the everyday realities of this approach to legalization through a focus on one of marijuana’s most legally significant attributes: its smell. In the context of prohibition, the smell of marijuana was a key tool of criminal law enforcement. In the context of legalization, its significance has expanded to include nuisance laws governing the presence of unwanted odors and commercial laws that facilitate economic activity in the marijuana market. By focusing on the sense of smell in the context of marijuana legalization, this article shows the implications of the market-based approach for drug policy reform. More broadly, this focus highlights the importance of the senses to sociolegal change and the ongoing construction of legality in the context of capitalism.

scholarly journals Ethnic desegregation and ‘resegregation’ in northern English schools

Ethnicities ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146879682110440
Author(s):  
Serena Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
South Asian ◽  
White Students ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
School Segregation ◽  
School Settings ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Everyday Realities

This article discusses findings on inter- and intra-ethnic friendship choices among Pakistani, Bangladeshi and white students within three schools characterised by varying ethnic composition and levels of diversity. Although many participants perceived ethnically diverse schools positively, students commonly described the majority of their friends and, in particular, close friends, as belonging to the same ethnic group. Pakistani and Bangladeshi students, although often homogenised as South Asian within academic studies on school segregation, were far more conscious of their own and the others’ cultural distinction than discussed by literature on ethnic minority – and in particular – Muslim youth. The findings demonstrate how presenting ethnic minority concentrations as self-segregated or resegregated can mask the everyday realities of students, who navigate racism, whether subtle or explicit, and find safe and accepting spaces to express their ethnic identities. Through using students’ own accounts of negotiating such challenges, this article adds to our understanding of young peoples’ experiences of multi-ethnic school settings.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF THE STATUS OF THE REPRESENTATIVE COMPONENTS OF THE WORDS IN THE ASPECT OF CONTEXTUAL SEMANTICS

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.Б. МОРГОЕВА ◽  
И.Н. ЦАЛЛАГОВА
Keyword(s):  
Component Composition ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Emotional Appraisal ◽  
The Status ◽  
Lexical Composition ◽  
Independent Functioning ◽  
Complex Words ◽  
Special Studies

В работе рассматриваются препозиционные словообразовательные элементы, склонные к самостоятельному лексическому значению и обнаруживающие формально-грамматические пересечения с некоторыми морфологическими классами в осетинском языке. Тесная морфолого-синтаксическая связь слов становится мотивирующим признаком при образовании новых лексических образований, статус которых требует специальных исследований и определения их компонентного состава. Лексический состав современного осетинского языка в обеих его диалектных формах содержит изрядное количество сложных слов с одинаковыми начальными компонентами, обнаруживающих частичную утрату собственного лексического значения и потому не способных отвечать требованиям композитного образования. Анализ таких препозиционных элементов, не имеющих до сих пор однозначно определенного статуса, показал их способность к функционированию в составе слова в качестве полноценных префиксов, поскольку их семантическое значение сводится к указанию направления или местоположения объектов по отношению друг к другу. Их усеченная форма, стремительная утрата собственной семантики и словообразовательная активность способствуют укреплению их префиксального статуса. Прогнозируемая востребованность этих препозиционных единиц связана с развитием публицистического и официально-делового стилей осетинского языка. Препозиционные элементы, выступающие в качестве эмоционально-оценочных интенсификаторов мотивирующего компонента в составе лексического образования, нами классифицируются как префиксоиды. Сохраняя собственное лексическое значение при самостоятельном функционировании, такие элементы активизируют коннотативные смыслы того слова, с которым вступают в словообразовательные отношения. Семантические особенности, которыми способны наделять слово выявленные префиксоиды, ограничивают сферу употребления в рамках тех стилевых раз­новидностей, в которых предполагается образность и эмоциональная оценочность. The paper considers prepositional word-formation elements, prone to independent lexical meaning and revealing formal-grammatical intersections with some morphological classes in the Ossetian language. The close morphological and syntactic connection of words becomes a motivating sign in the formation of new lexical formations, the status of which requires special studies and determination of their component composition. The lexical composition of the modern Ossetian language in both its dialect forms contains a fair amount of complex words with the same initial components, revealing a partial loss of their own lexical meaning and therefore not able to meet the requirements of composite education. An analysis of such prepositional elements, which still do not have a uniquely defined status, showed their ability to function as part of a word as full-fledged prefixes, since their semantic meaning reduces to indicating the direction or location of objects with respect to each other. Their truncated form, the rapid loss of their own semantics and word-formation activity contribute to the strengthening of their prefix status. The predicted demand for these prepositional units is associated with the development of the journalistic and official business styles of the Ossetian language. Prepositional elements, acting as emotional-evaluative intensifiers of the motivating component in the lexical education, we classify as prefixoids. Preserving their own lexical meaning during independent functioning, such elements activate the connotative meanings of the word with which they enter into word-formation relations. The semantic features that the identified prefixoids are able to endow with the word limit the scope of use within the framework of those stylistic varieties in which imagery and emotional appraisal are assumed.

scholarly journals LINGUO-COGNITIVE SEMANTICS OF ORNITHONYMS IN TEXTS OF SONGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
S. Zhirenov ◽  
◽  
Y. Kasenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Cognitive Semantics ◽  
Semantic Meaning ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
The World

In the article, the texts of Kazakh songs with ornithonyms are grouped in accordance with their use. The use of ornithonyms in the lyrics and their semantic meaning are also divided into thematic groups. The thematic group is based not only on the paradigmatic connections of ornithological names, but also on denotative ones. The linguo-cognitive semantics of the thematic group of ornithonyms and lyrics is determined. The semantics of ornithonyms in the lyrics is based not only on the similarity of the lexical meaning of words, also on the allegorical metaphorical meaning of objects and phenomena by which they are called. The semantics of ornithonyms in the lyrics reflects the cognitive characteristics of the ethnos in the perception of the world through a song. The presence of birds in the lyrics, close to the worldview of the ethnic group, is an indicator of national culture, which to a certain extent determines the ethnic identity of the ethnic group. In the spiritual world of an ethnos, ornithonyms in Kazakh poetry have long existed and are a spiritual value that remains to this day. The linguo-cognitive analysis of the language units of the lyrics reveals its significance in the Kazakh ethnic group.

scholarly journals Proverbial conceptualization of the common Turkic zoolexeme аt ‘horse’ (based on the material of the Khakass language)

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
M. D. Chertykova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Relationship

The article provides a semantic-cognitive analysis of the ethnocultural components of the common Turkic zoolex-eme ат ‘horse’, as a unit of the proverbial picture of the world. The proverbial picture of the world is a fragment of the linguistic picture of the world, which is a linguoculturological and cognitive model of various thematic proverbial groups. The structure of Khakassian proverbs and sayings has phonostylistic features: the obligatory presence of rhyme, assessment of various characteristics of a person and other phenomena of everyday life, figuratively associative com-parison of any properties of a person with objects of nature, including the endowment of animals with traits of a per-son’s character. Thus, the structure of all the proverbs and sayings we analyze is different in using the method of com-parative parallelism, for example, a child and a foal, a man and a horse. In the Khakass worldview philosophy, en-shrined in paremias, ат ‘horse’ is perceived as a true friend, ally and assistant of a person, in particular a man. The proverbs and sayings emphasize the relationship between man and horse, draw a figurative parallel of the positive and negative qualities of their characters, the careful and respectful attitude of man to the horse. In the Khakass national worldview, the horse is also a symbol of prosperity, well-being, therefore, it can also appear in traditional well-wishes, in reflections on the themes of eternity, time, life and death, for example, Ат öлзе, изері халар (Mudroe, 2014, p. 6) ‘Nothing disappears without a trace (lit. if a horse dies, a saddle remains)’. This proverb implies the idea that even if a person leaves this world, his good deeds will remain. The study showed the interconnection of the language and worldview culture of the Khakass ethnic group, which takes a basis in the everyday life of a nomadic society and mani-fests itself in fixed sayings, where the acting character is one of the main symbols of the Turkic world – ат ‘horse’. As far as we know, such signs are broadcast in the proverbial picture of the world and other Turkic peoples, thereby we can note the universality of the peculiarities of updating the ат ‘horse’ concept.

scholarly journals SEMANTIC ALTERNATION FROM ANIMAL TO HUMAN UNDER SEMANTIC FIELD PERSPECTIVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Tho
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Ethnic Culture ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Language Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Cognition And Culture

The meanings of words in particular and the linguistic aspects, in general have been studied quite a lot by scientists so far. However, determining the meanings of language units in general and words in particular has proven difficult. The study of meanings of languages has achieved different results. For this reason, research to get into the details still needs to be deeply continued. Besides, ethnic culture is deeply rooted in the subconscious of each member of an ethnic group associated with the language. Because language is a reality of thinking and a means of forming and preserving culture, national thinking and culture are only revealed through speech (language). As a result, language research in terms of cognition and culture is very necessary and urgent in the world at large and Vietnam in particular. The research results show that all words changed their meanings from the animal to the human with regards to semantic field in order to describe the human characteristics of form, personality, etc. When changing their semantic field, these words still brought their original nuances of meaning which combined with the new definitions shaping two socially linguisctic trends - positive and negative. Among them, the number of positive words is only 2 and the negative words are up to 44 cases. Thus, the majority of words were transformed from the animal semantic field to the human one in semantically negative manner. This stems were coined from the cognition about the animals of the Vietnamese people. It is quite interesting to note that whenever Vietnamese people swear profusely, they tend to apply animal-related words, which probably shape a quite special feature of Vietnamese.

Everyday Catastrophes: Gender, Labour and Power in Beckett's Theatre

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-34
Author(s):  
Trish McTighe
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Entertainment Industry ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Social Hierarchies ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Consciousness ◽  
Gender Boundaries ◽  
The Invisible ◽  
Making Art

In an era of public consciousness about gendered inequalities in the world of work, as well as recent revelations of sexual harassment and abuse in theatre and film production, Beckett's Catastrophe (1982) bears striking resonances. This article will suggest that, through the figure of its Assistant, the play stages the gendered nature of the labour of making art, and, in her actions, shows the kind of complicit disgust familiar to many who work in the entertainment industry, especially women. In unpacking this idea, I conceptualise the distinction between the everyday and ‘the event’, as in, between modes of quotidian labour and the attention-grabbing moment of art, between the invisible foundations of representation and the spectacle of that representation. It is my thesis that this play stages exactly this tension and that deploying a discourse of maintenance art allows the play to be read in the context of the labour of theatre-making. Highlighting the Assistant's labour becomes a way of making visible the structures of authority that are invested in maintaining gender boundaries and showing how art is too often complicit in the maintenance of social hierarchies.

Impact of Social Media on English Language: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Dr. Neha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
English Language ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
International Level ◽  
Class Society ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Media ◽  
Subsequent Rise

Language being a potent vehicle of transmitting cultural values, norms and beliefs remains a central factor in determining the status of any nation. India is a multilingual country which tends to encourage people to use English at national and international level. Basically English in India owes its presence to the British but its subsequent rise is not fully attributable to the British. It has now become the language of wider communication which is now spoken by large number of people all over the world. It is influenced by many factors such as class, society, developments in science and technology etc. However the major influence on English language is and has been the media.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document